User:Coldstreamer20/Structure of the British and Indian Armies in 1939

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Below is the structure of the British Army, including the British Indian Army (Raj Army), and affiliated colonial forces in September 1939 (just before the Invasion of Poland and subsequent beginning of the Second World War).

Preface[edit]

Note: units in bold are higher commands, and the units which are part of the Territorial Army (TA) or Supplementary Reserve (SR) – former militia, or reserve colonial troops will have their abbreviation afterwards.

Some units will be shown with a (to xx), showing their mobilisation assignment (for those units under administrative control of another command).

Those units in italics were still being formed, under equipped, or not ready for duty.

Stars - important officers/offices and almost all commands will have a star rank next to them, this indicates the rank of the individual commanding the unit, and thereby representing the size of said unit, see British Army officer rank insignia.

Overall Structure[edit]

Under the reorganisation of the British Army in the 1870s into the beginning of the 1900s, three separate 'departments' were organised to oversee the army during peacetime. The first and largest was the 'War Office' which oversaw all home commands along with the Middle East. The second office was also the second largest, the 'Colonial Office' which oversaw the colonies and oversaw colonial troops and those regular troops based there. The third office was the 'India and Burma Office' which oversaw (as the name suggests) those troops in the British Raj and Burma. The fourth office was the 'Dominions Office', though this was simply a foreign and diplomacy office which maintained ties with the four dominions. If mobilised, the War Office would assume operational control of all forces in the field.

War Office[edit]

Scottish Command[edit]

Scottish Command encompassing Scotland and Berwick-upon-Tweed for Regulars and Militia only. In 1939 the command consisted of two areas, Highland Area and Lowland Area, which each had a territorial army division allocated to it. In 1940 Scottish Command was reorganised into 5 'areas': Edinburgh and Glasgow Areas formerly in Lowland Area, South and North Highland Area, formerly in Highland Area, and the Orkney and Shetland Defences (formerly under the Royal Navy's Home Fleet).[1][2]

Highland Area[edit]

Highland Area encompassing the following counties: Sutherland, Caithness, Ross and Cromarty, Inverness-shire, Nairnshire, Morayshire, Banffshire, Kincardineshire, Angus, Perthshire, Kinross-shire, Fifeshire, Clackmannanshire, Stirlingshire, Dumbartonshire, Renfrewshire, Buteshire, and Argyllshire (except for Clyde and Forth Coastal Defences and the Renfrew Fortress Engineers, RE).[2]

9th (Highland) Infantry Division[edit]
51st (Highland) Infantry Division[edit]

Lowland Area[edit]

Lowland Area encompassing the counties of West Lothian, Midlothian, East Lothian, Berwickshire (including Berwick-upon-Tweed for Regulars and Militia only), Roxburghshire, Dumfriesshire, Kirkcudbrightshire, Wigtownshire, Ayrshire, Lanarkshire, Peeblesshire, Selkirkshire, and (for Clyde and Forth Defences and Renfrew Fortress Engineers, RE only), Fifeshire, Dumbartonshire, Renfrewshire, and Argyllshire.[2]

15th (Scottish) Infantry Division[edit]
52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division[edit]

Northern Command[edit]

Northern Command encompassing: Berwick-upon-Tweed (expect Regulars), Northumberland, Durham, North Riding of Yorkshire, West Riding of Yorkshire, East Riding of Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Rutland, Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire.[21]

5th Infantry Division[edit]

5th Infantry Division would be reinforced by the 17th Infantry Brigade on mobilisation along with the rest of the divisional troops.[24] Commander 5th Infantry Division is also Commander Catterick Area, which includes all War Office land at Catterick.

Northumbrian Area[edit]

Northumbrian Area encompassing Northumberland, Durham, North Riding of Yorkshire (excluding Catterick Area and Strensall Camp), the East Riding of Yorkshire; also Berwick-upon-Tweed (except Regulars).

23rd (Northumbrian) Motor Division[edit]
50th (Northumbrian) Motor Division[edit]

West Riding Area[edit]

West Riding Area encompassing the West Riding of Yorkshire, County Borough of York, Strensall Camp, Lincolnshire, Rutland, Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire.

46th Infantry Division[edit]
49th (West Riding) Infantry Division[edit]

Western Command[edit]

Western Command encompassing Wales and the counties of Cumberland, Westmorland, Lancashire, Staffordshire, Shropshire, Herefordshire, Cheshire, and the Isle of Man.

Welsh Area[edit]

Welsh Area encompassing Wales and the counties of Shropshire and Herefordshire.[35]

38th (South Welsh) Infantry Division[edit]
53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division[edit]

West Lancashire Area[edit]

West Lancashire Area encompassing South Lancashire and West Lancashire of a line along the River Douglas and the Leeds-Liverpool Canal South-East to Worsley; Cheshire and Staffordshire.

55th (West Lancashire) Motor Division[edit]
59th (Staffordshire) Motor Division[edit]

East Lancashire Area[edit]

East Lancashire Area encompassing Cumberland, Westmorland, and that part of Lancashire not included in West Lancashire.

42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division[edit]
66th (Lancashire and Border) Infantry Division[edit]

Eastern Command[edit]

Eastern Command encompassing Cambridgeshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex (expect Purfleet and Rainham Rifle Range; and (when occupied by Foot Guards) the Guards' Barracks at Warley); Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire, Middlesex, Kent, Sussex and Surrey (less portion in the Aldershot Command and London District), and Woolwich Garrison (exclusive of the Territorial Army Troops quartered therein).

4th Infantry Division[edit]

East Anglia Area[edit]

East Anglia Area encompassing Cambridgeshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Middlesex, Hertfordshire, and Bedfordshire, less the following: (I) Colchester. (II) Purfleet and Rainham Rifle Ranges, and (when occupied by Foot Guards) the Guards' Barracks at Warley, which are under the London Area. (III) That portion of Essex in the Chatham Area from Grays Thurrock Station along main road to Stanford-le-Hope – thence north side of railway via South Benfleet to Southend borough boundary – thence a line drawn north-east to Lower Edward's Hall – thence road Eastwood to Harp House – thence a line south-east to Southchurch Lawn – thence a line due north to River Roach – thence along south bank of River Roach and south bank of River Crouch to Foulness Point.

18th (East Anglian) Infantry Division[edit]
54th (East Anglian) Infantry Division[edit]

Home Counties Area[edit]

Home Counties Area encompassing Woolwich Garrison, (exclusive of Territorial Troops in the London Area) and the counties of Kent (less from Shellness a line drawn south-west to Ladydane - thence along road to Watling Street, – thence Hollingbourne, – thence Pilgrims Way via Detling, Burham, Snodland - thence via Pilgrims Road to Trosley Towers - thence along road Wrotham-Graveston to Northumberland Bottom - thence Waitling Street to Southern Railway brigde at Springhead - thence northward along stream to River Thames, along south bank of River Thames to lighthouse on Swanscombe Marshes - in the Chatham Area and the 4th Division stations of Dover, Shorncliffe, Hythe and Lydd), Sussex, Surrey (less the eastern boundaries of the parishes of Chobham, Horsell and Working through Working), including the portions of Stoke-next-Guildford, St. Nicholas, Artington, to the west of the railway.

12th (Eastern) Infantry Division[edit]
44th (Home Counties) Infantry Division[edit]

Chatham Area[edit]

Chatham Area encompassing the boundary from (all inclusive) Foulness Point (Essex) by a line to Shellness (Kent) - thence a line drawn south-west to Ladydance - thence along road to Waitling -Street – thence Waitling Street to road Faversham, Leaveland, Challock Lees, Charing, Lenham, Harrietsham, Elsfield, Hollingbourne – thence Pilgrims Way via Detling, Burham, Snodland – thence via Pilgrims Road to Tosley Towers - thence along road Wrotham-Gravesend to Northumberland Bottom – thence Waitling Street to Southern Railway bridge at Springhead – thence northward along stream to River Thames, along south bank of River Thames to Grays Thurrock Station (Essex) – thence along main road to Stanfordle-Hope – thence north side of railway via South Benfleet to Southend Borough boundary – thence a line drawn north-east to Lower Edward's Hall – thence road Eastwood to Harp House – thence a line drawn south-east to Southchurch Lawn – thence a line due north to River Roach, along south bank of River Roach and south bank of River Crouch to Foulness Point.

Aldershot Command[edit]

Aldershot Command encompassing the River Loddon where crossed by the Southern Railway at Loddon Bridge (south-east of Reading) along the railway through Wokingham, Bracknell and Ascot to Sunningdale – thence the eastern boundaries of the parishes of Chobham and Horsell to the railway at Woking – thence southward along the railway (omitting the portions of the parishes of Guildford and Artington to the west of the railway and the three small portions of Sussex lying to the north of the railway) to Liss – thence northward along the road leading to Reading, through Selborne, Alton and Odiham (but inclusive of the portions of the parishes of Alton and Chawton lying west of that road) – to Swallowfield – thence along the River Loddon to Loddon Bridge.

1st Infantry Division[edit]
2nd Infantry Division[edit]

Southern Command[edit]

Southern Command encompassing Warwickshire, Northamptonshire, Buckinghamshire, the Royal County of Berkshire (except Windsor for Regular Troops and that portion of the county included in the Aldershot Command), Oxfordshire, Hampshire (except that portion included in the Aldershot Command), Wiltshire, Dorset, Devonshire, Cornwall, Somerset, Gloucestershire and Worcestershire.

1st Armoured Division[edit]

3rd Infantry Division[edit]

South Western Area[edit]

South Western Area encompassing Somerset, Devonshire, and Cornwall.

43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division[edit]
45th (West Country) Infantry Division[edit]

South Midland Area[edit]

South Midland Area encompassing Warwickshire, Northamptonshire, Huntingdonshire, Buckinghamshire, Royal County of Berkshire (except Windsor for regular troops and that portion of the county included in the Aldershot Command), Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire and Worcestershire.

48th (South Midland) Infantry Division[edit]
61st (South Midland) Infantry Division[edit]

Southern Area[edit]

Southern Area encompassing Dorset, Wiltshire (except that portion of the county included in the Salisbury Plain Area), and Hampshire (except those portions of the country included in the Aldershot Command, the Salisbury Plain Area and the Portsmouth Area).

Salisbury Plain Area[edit]

Salisbury Plain Area encompassing Wiltshire within the following boundaries: The Great Western Railway from the Bridge over the River Avon at Freshford to the aqueduct of the Kennet and Avon Canal (1,5 miles west of Bradford-on-Avon), thence the Kennet and Avon Canal to the County boundary at Froxfield; thence the Country boundary from Froxfield to the road Fordingbrigde-Salisbury at Downton. Thence the road Salisbury-Wilton-Great Wishford-Codford- Heytesbury; the road, Warminster-Frome to the Couty boundary at Whitbourne; thence the County boundary near Whitbourne to the Great Western Railway Bridge over the River Avon at Freshford. That portion of the County of Hampshire included in Tidworth and the War Department land adjacent.

London District[edit]

London District encompassing the County of London, Warley Barracks (Foot Guards only), Rainham Rifle Range, Purfleet, Woolwich Garrison (for Territorial Army Troops), Caterham Barracks, Pirbright Camp, and (for regular troops) Combermere Barracks and Victoria Barracks in Windsor.

1st London Motor Division[edit]

2nd London Motor Division[edit]

Northern Ireland District[edit]

Northern Ireland District encompassing Northern Ireland.

Anti-Aircraft Command[edit]

Note: All units of Anti-Aircraft Command are part of the Territorial Army or Supplementary Reserve (in the case of Northern Ireland).

1st Anti-Aircraft Division[edit]

1st Anti-Aircraft Division covering London, Dover, and Slough.

2nd Anti-Aircraft Division[edit]

2nd Anti-Aircraft Division covering Kingston upon Hull, The Humber, Leeds, Sheffield, and Nottingham. Affiliated with No. 12 Group RAF.

3rd Anti-Aircraft Division[edit]

3rd Anti-Aircraft Division encompassing Scotland and Northern Ireland. All units TA except for 3rd AA Bde, which were all part of the SR. Affiliated with No. 13 Group RAF.

4th Anti-Aircraft Division[edit]

4th Anti-Aircraft Division encompassing North West England, West Midlands, and the Isle of Man. Affiliated with No. 9 Group RAF.

5th Anti-Aircraft Division[edit]

5th Anti-Aircraft Division encompassing Wales, South West England, and South East England. Affiliated with No. 10 Group RAF.

6th Anti-Aircraft Division[edit]

6th Anti-Aircraft Division covering the Thames and Medway and Harwich. Affiliated with No. 11 Group RAF.

7th Anti-Aircraft Division[edit]

7th Anti-Aircraft Division encompassing Tyne, Tees, and Middlesbrough areas. Affiliated with No. 13 Group RAF.

Middle East Command[edit]

Middle East Command encompassing Kingdom of Egypt, Mandatory Palestine, Emirate of Transjordan, British Cyprus, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Aden Colony, British Somaliland, Mandatory Iraq, and Persian Gulf Residency.

British Troops in Egypt[edit]

The Armoured Division (Egypt)[edit]
7th Infantry Division[edit]

The 7th Infantry Division's HQ was in Cairo en-route to Mersa Matruh. Therefore, the below oob is that of the division after arriving on 7 September.

British Forces in Palestine and Transjordan[edit]

8th Infantry Division[edit]

Troops in The Sudan[edit]

British Troops in Aden[edit]

Colonial Office[edit]

China Command[edit]

China Command encompassing the British treaty areas: Shanghai International Settlement, Tientsin Concession Area, and British Hong Kong.

Army of India[edit]

Indian Auxiliary Force[edit]

Northern Command[edit]

Northern Command encompassing the North-West Frontier Province; Waziristan District; Kashmir State; the Punjab (less Districts of Rohtak and Gurgaon); the Punjab states including the Punjab Hill States (less Khairpur, Tehri Garhwal, Pataudi, Dujana, and the Bawal district of the Nabha State).

Kohat District[edit]
Lahore District[edit]
Peshawar District[edit]
Rawalpindi District[edit]
Waziristan District[edit]

Eastern Command[edit]

Eastern Command encompassing the following: Delhi Province; Rohtak and Gurgaon districts, the United Provinces; Rajputana (less states of Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Udaipur, Sirohi, Danta, Palanpur, Banswara, Partabgarh, Dungarpur, Shahpura, Kushalgarh, Nimbahera); the combined Bundelkhand and Baghelkand Agency of Central India; Bhopal; Gwalior (less detached districts in Southern Command); Bihar and Orissa Province; Eastern States Agency (less states of Bastar, Changbhakar, Chhuikhadan, Jashpur, Kanker, Kawardha, Khairagarh, Korea, Nandgaon, Raigarh, Sakti, Sarangarh, Surguja (Udaipur and Makrai); Bengal Presidency; Bengal States Agency, Assam Province, and Manipur State. Of the Punjab States: Pataudi, Dujana, Princely State of Tehri Garhwal, and the Bawal district of Nabha State.

Lucknow District[edit]
Meerut District[edit]
Presidency & Assam District[edit]

Southern Command[edit]

Southern Command encompassing the following: Western India States Agency; Central India States Agency (less combined Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand Agency); Ajmer-Merwara Province; Jodhpur State; Udaipur State; Sirohi State; Danta State; Palanpur State; Banswara State; Pratapgarh State; Shahpura State, and Mandsaur districts of Gwalior State, Bombay Presidency; Baroda and Gujarat States Agency including Baroda State; Deccan States Agency, including Kolhapur State; Central Provinces; Bastar Changbakhar, Chhuikhadan State, Jashpur State, Kanker State, Kawardha State, Khairagarh State, Korea State. Nandgaon State, Raigarh State, Sakti State, Sarangarh State, Surguja State, Udaipur State, and Makrai States of the Eastern States Agency; Hyderabad State; Madras Presidency; Kingdom of Mysore; and Madras States Agency.

Bombay District[edit]
Deccan District[edit]

During peacetime, this district provides the headquarters of the mobilisation 4th Indian Infantry Division.

Madras District[edit]
  • Madras District
    • Madras District Headquarters, in Bangalore
    • Governor General's Bodyguard, Madras, in Madras (Ceremonial cavalry)
    • 1st Battalion, The King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster), in Madras
    • 1st Battalion, Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh's)
    • 1st Battalion, The Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, in Wellington
    • 5th Battalion, 7th Rajput Regiment, in Cannanore
    • 2nd Battalion, 13th Frontier Force Rifles, in Madras
    • 11th (Territorial) Battalion, 3rd Madras Regiment (ITF)
    • 12th (Malabar) Battalion, 3rd Madras Regiment (ITF), in Cannanore
    • 13th (Malabar) Battalion, 3rd Madras Regiment (ITF), in Cannanore
    • 14th (Coorg) Battalion, 3rd Madras Regiment (ITF), in Mercara
    • 'A' Indian Field Regiment, Indian Artillery
    • Headquarters, Queen Victoria's Own Madras Sappers & Miners, in Bangalore
      • Training Battalion, Queen Victoria's Own Madras Sappers & Miners
      • No. 32 Field Troop, Queen Victoria's Own Madras Sappers & Miners
      • No. 35 Field Troop, Queen Victoria's Own Madras Sappers & Miners
      • 11th Army Troops Company, Queen Victoria's Own Madras Sappers & Miners
      • 12th Field Company, Queen Victoria's Own Madras Sappers & Miners
      • 14th Field Company, Queen Victoria's Own Madras Sappers & Miners
      • 16th Army Troops Company, Queen Victoria's Own Madras Sappers & Miners
      • 44th Divisional Headquarters, Queen Victoria's Own Madras Sappers & Miners
      • 'A' Depot, Queen Victoria's Own Madras Sappers & Miners

Western District[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

Notes

  1. ^ A 'Ports Defences' was equal to that of an infantry battalion or artillery regiment, being commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel. These defences were broken down into 'Fire Commands', each commanded by a Major and equal to that of an infantry company or artillery battery.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Administered by the Colonial Office, but at the disposal of the High Commissioner for Palestine and Transjordan.
  4. ^ Native armed police, at the disposal of the High Commissioner for Palestine and Transjordan.

Citations

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  76. ^ "55 (Devon) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment RA(TA)". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  77. ^ Palmer, Rob (1 May 2019). "43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division, order of battle 1939" (PDF). British Military History. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
  78. ^ "22 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment RA(TA)". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  79. ^ "1 Medium Regiment RA". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  80. ^ "4 Medium Regiment RA". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  81. ^ "91 (4th London) Field Regiment RA(TA)". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  82. ^ "139 (4th London) Field Regiment RA(TA)". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  83. ^ "53 (London) Medium Regiment RA(TA)". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  84. ^ "64 (London) Medium Regiment RA(TA)". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  85. ^ a b Watson & Rinaldi, p. 130
  86. ^ a b Watson & Rinaldi, p. 127
  87. ^ "Inns of Court and City Yeomanry". Aim 25. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  88. ^ "14 (West Lothian Royal Scots) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment RA(TA)". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  89. ^ "18 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment RA(TA)". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  90. ^ "19 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment RA(TA)". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  91. ^ "31 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment RA(TA)". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  92. ^ "21 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment RA(TA)". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  93. ^ "33 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment RA(TA)". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  94. ^ "23 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment RA(TA)". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  95. ^ "24 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment RA(TA)". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  96. ^ "34 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment RA(TA)". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  97. ^ "35 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment RA(TA)". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  98. ^ "36 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment RA(TA)". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  99. ^ "29 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment RA(TA)". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  100. ^ a b "4 Royal Horse Artillery". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  101. ^ a b "3 Royal Horse Artillery". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  102. ^ "7 Medium Regiment RA". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  103. ^ a b c Routledge, p. 201
  104. ^ "3 Heavy Regiment RA". The Royal Artillery 1939-45. Retrieved 2021-10-12.
  105. ^ Routledge, p. 166

References[edit]

  • Frederick, J. B. M. (1984). Lineage book of British land forces 1660-1978 : biographical outlines of cavalry, yeomanry, armour, artillery, infantry, marines and air force land troops of regular and reserve forces (Volume I). Wakefield: Microform Academic. ISBN 978-1851170074. OCLC 830764316.
  • Frederick, J. B. M. (1984). Lineage book of British land forces 1660-1978 : biographical outlines of cavalry, yeomanry, armour, artillery, infantry, marines and air force land troops of regular and reserve forces (Volume II). Wakefield: Microform Academic. ISBN 978-1851170081. OCLC 18072764.
  • Collier, Basil (1957). History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series: The Defence of the United Kingdom. London, United Kingdom: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
  • Brayley, Martin (2001). Men-at-Arms: The British Army 1939–45 (1st Series): North-West Europe. Botley, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1841760520. OCLC 1021809870.
  • Maurice–Jones, Colonel K. W. (2009). The History of Coast Artillery in the British Army. Uckfield, East Sussex, United Kingdom: Naval & Military Press Limited. ISBN 978-1845740313. OCLC 792688343.
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