Xu Liang

Xu Liang (Chinese: 徐良; pinyin: Xú Liáng; Wade–Giles: Hsu Liang; 1893^[1] – 1951) was a diplomat and politician in the Republic of China. He was an important politician during the pro-Japanese collaborationist Nanjing Nationalist Government, serving as the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the ambassador to Japan. His courtesy name was Shanbo (善伯). He was born in Sanshui, Guangdong.

Biography[edit]

Xu Liang went to Japan, and entered to Yokohama Daidou School (横浜大同学校).^[when?] He then went to the United States, where he graduated from Columbia University and Washington University (from which "Washington University" he graduated is uncertain).^[when?] Later, Xu Liang returned to China and was appointed a secretary to the Ministry for Justice, Ministry for Foreign Affairs, and the Interior Ministry.^{[clarification needed]}^[when?] Afterwards he successively held the positions of secretary or advisor to many Local Governments or Legations.^{[clarification needed]}^[when?] In the Nationalist Government era, he became a member of the Legation staff to the United States and an officer in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs.^{[citation needed]}

When the Wang Jingwei regime was established in March 1940, Xu Liang also participated in it. He was appointed Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs and Chief of the Central Political Committee's Commission for Foreign Affairs, etc. In October 1940 he was appointed Ambassador to Japan, and sent to Manchukuo as a special envoy. That December he returned to Nanjing and was promoted to Minister of Foreign Affairs, a post which he held until October 1941. Later he was appointed member of the North China Political Council (華北政務委員會) and member of the National Government.^{[citation needed]}

After the Wang Jingwei regime had collapsed, Xu Liang was arrested by Chiang Kai-shek's government. He was convicted of treason and surrender to the enemy (namely Hanjian) and sentenced to death.^[2] But Xu wasn't executed, while being imprisoned in Tianjin.^[2] In the end of 1948, as the Communist army approached Tianjin, he was released by the Nationalist authorities.^[2] The following January he was once again arrested by the Communist authorities in Tianjin.^[2]

In July 1951 Xu Liang was sentenced to death by the Tianjin authorities^[3] and executed at Ningjin County, Hebei in the same year.^[4]

Alma mater[edit]

Columbia University

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

^ By Xu (main ed.), p. 1195. Committee for Problems of East Asia, p.79 wrote he was born in "1892".
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Asahi Shimbun (Tokyo), February 14, 1949, p. 1.
^ Asahi Shimbun (Tokyo), July 16, 1951, p. 1.
^ "Xiaowangzhuang, Hebei in old days" ifeng.com, February 21st, 2011.

Sources[edit]

Xu Youchun (徐友春) (main ed.), ed. (2007). Unabridged Biographical Dictionary of the Republic, Revised and Enlarged Version (《民国人物大辞典》增订版). Hebei People's Press (Hebei Renmin Chubanshe; 河北人民出版社). ISBN 978-7-202-03014-1.
"Xiaowangzhuang, Hebei in old days (《昔日河北小王庄》)" ifeng.com (Phoenix TV (凤凰网)) referred to Zhonglao Nianshibao (《中老年时报》), February 21, 2011.
Liu Shoulin; et al., eds. (1995). 民国职官年表 [The Chronological Table of the Republic's Officer]. Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 978-7-101-01320-7.
Committee for Problems of East Asia (1941). 最新支那要人伝 [The Biographies of Most Recent Chinese Important People]. Asahi Shimbun.

Government offices
Preceded by Chu Minyi	Minister of Foreign Affairs (Wang Jingwei Government) December 1940 – October 1941	Succeeded by Chu Minyi

[1] By Xu (main ed.), p. 1195. Committee for Problems of East Asia, p.79 wrote he was born in "1892".

[Asahi-2] Asahi Shimbun (Tokyo), February 14, 1949, p. 1.

[3] Asahi Shimbun (Tokyo), July 16, 1951, p. 1.

[4] "Xiaowangzhuang, Hebei in old days" ifeng.com, February 21st, 2011.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

v t e China's Ambassadors to Japan
Qing dynasty 1644–1912	He Ruzhang 1876–1877 Zhang Sigui 1877–1880 Xu Jingcheng 1880–1881 Li Shuchang 1881–1884 Xu Chengzu 1884–1887 Li Xingrui 1887 Li Shuchang 1887–1890 Li Jingfang 1890–1892 Wang Fangzao 1892–1894 Yugeng 1895–1898 Huang Zunxian 1898 Li Shengduo 1898–1901 Cai Juni 1901–1903 Yang Shu 1903–1907 Li Jiaju 1907–1908 Hu Weide 1908–1910 Wang Daxie 1910–1913
Republic of China (Beiyang) 1912–1928	Ma Tingliang 1913 Zhong Lu 1913–1916 Liu Chongjie 1916 Zhang Zongxiang 1916–1919 Liu Jingren 1919–1920 Hu Weide 1920–1922 Shi Luben 1922–1923 Zhang Yuanjie 1925–1926
Republic of China (Nationalist) 1928–1938	Jiang Zuobin 1931–1936 Xu Shiying 1936–1938
Republic of China (Collaborationist) 1940–1945	Chu Minyi 1940–1941 Xu Liang 1941–1943 Cai Pei 1943–1945 Lian Yu 1945
Republic of China on Taiwan 1952–1972	Hollington Tong 1952–1956 Shen Jinding 1956–1959 Chang Li-sheng 1959–1963 Wei Tao-ming 1964–1966 Cheng Zhimai 1966–1969 Peng Mengji 1969–1972
People's Republic of China 1973–present	Chen Chu 1973–76 Fu Hao 1977–82 Song Zhiguang 1982–85 Zhang Shu 1985–83 Yang Zhenya 1988–93 Xu Dunxin 1993–98 Chen Jian 1998–2001 Wu Dawei 2001–04 Wang Yi 2004–07 Cui Tiankai 2007–09 Cheng Yonghua 2010–19 Kong Xuanyou 2019–2023 Wu Jianghao 2023-present