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Lorraine Friedman
Born
Lorraine Friedman

January 1, 1919
Dawson, New Mexico
DiedFebruary 12, 2001 (age 82)
Osyka, Mississippi
NationalityAmerican
EducationUniversity of Arkansas

University of North Carolina Chapel Hill

Duke University
OccupationMedical Mycologist
Years active1951-1981
Known forTulane University Medical Mycology Program
Notable workRingworm of the hair

Lorraine Friedman (January, 01, 1919, Dawson, New Mexico – February 12, 2001, Osyka, Mississippi) was an American Medical mycologist who was recruited to Tulane University (New Orleans, Louisiana) to create a center for medical mycology. She was a faculty member at Tulane University from 1955-1981 where she extensively researched Tinea capitis, “Ringworm of the hair.” She was instrumental in creating the Medical Mycological Society of the Americas and served as the President in 1975.

Early Life[edit]

Lorraine Friedman was born on January 1, 1919 in Dawson, New Mexico. Shortly after she was born, her parents, Mathe Friedman and Alice Friedman moved their family back to Hot Springs, Arkansas, where they were originally from. [1]

Lorraine Friedman received her Bachelor of Arts from The University of Arkansas in June of 1940. In 1942, after graduating from the University of Arkansas, she completed a medical technology training at Menorah Hospital in Kansas City, Missouri [2]. She enlisted on December 14, 1942 to the United States Navy’s Medical Services Corps as a medical laboratory officer until 1946. Before obtaining a master’s in public health from the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill in 1948, she worked for one year as a diagnostic bacteriologist at John Hopkins Hospital. Finally, she was advised by Dr. Norman Conant at Duke University and received her PhD in 1951. Her thesis work was titled “Comparative antigenic and immunologic studies on blastomyces dermatitidis, the cause of North American blastomycosis, and blastomyces brasiliensis, the cause of South American blastomycosis.” A portion of her research, "Immunological studies on the etiologic agents of North and South American blastomycosis" [3] was published in 1953 in Mycopathologia. [4]

Career[edit]

After graduating from Duke University, she accepted a position at the University of California Berkeley in the School of Public Health as the Chief of the Mycology Division of the Naval Biological Laboratory. She spent four years working with Dr. Charles F. Smith, the known expert on Coccidiomycosis. She worked on Coccidioides immitis, a fungal pathogen responsible for causing Valley Fever in the southwest United States. One prominent article she wrote on the work she conducted at UC Berkeley was titled “Studies on Coccidioides immitis: Morphology and sporulation capacity of forty-seven strains.” [5]

She was later recruited in 1955 to Tulane University Medical School to open a medical mycology center. She opened a medical mycology program in 1957 after receiving a National Institute of Health grant to fund her program. Most notably, this was only the third such grant to be awarded at this time. [6] This grant was renewed annually for the 24 years she worked at Tulane University. Dr. Friedman designed her program and curriculum to allow students to create vital relationships between the graduate school and the medical school. One prominent class that first year PhD students were required to take was her medical mycology course. This course required students to rotate between diagnostic and/or clinical labs and to conduct their own individual research for a year. [7]

As her career at Tulane University went on, most of her time was spent on mentoring students and less on conducting research; however, some of her most notable research was on Tinea capitis, Ringworm of the scalp. Her research lab was foundational to the early understanding of this dermatological fungal infection. During her years as a PhD student the demand for medical mycology was high. In the late 40s and early 50s not much was known about many fungal diseases, therefore, mortality rates for invasive diseases were 50-100% [8]. Therefore, Dr. Friedman, along with her collogues, were instrumental in our modern day understanding of several fungal diseases, some of which are easily treated with modern medicine.

Mentorship[edit]

While she was at Tulane University, she advised 10 PhD students and 4 master's students, their last names are listed below. These students were amongst the first generation of students to be trained with molecular-based techniques. Through her success of mentoring, many of Dr. Friedman's students went on to be prominent medical mycologists themselves, such as George Kobayashi, William Cooper, Geoffrey Land, and Thomas G. Mitchell. Judith Domer, a lifelong colleague of Dr. Freeman, said that Dr. Friedman's military training led to a mentoring style that was sometimes tough on students. However, this style proved effective since she successfully mentored a number of highly successful students. [9].

List of Graduate Students[10]

Geoffery Land, PhD

Thomas G. Mitchell, PhD

George Kobayashi, PhD

J Cutler, PhD

William Cooper, PhD

M Dykstra, PhD

K Erke, PhD

S Ford, PhD

D Greer, PhD

S Kraeger, PhD

A Bonk, MS

M Ivens, MS

L Linares, MS

M Martin, MS


Medical Mycological Society of America

On November 6, 1961, Lorraine Friedman and Donald Schneidau contacted the president of the American Society of Microbiology, John E. Blair proposing that a subdivision within the society be created for medical mycology which was gaining momentum at this time. In 1965, a committee comprising of Lorraine Friedman, Libero Ajello, Charlotte Champbell, Milton Huppert, Hillel Levine, and Margarita Silva-Hutner met during the Second Coccidioidomycosis Symposium to organize a new Medical Mycology Division [11]. The society opened in 1968 with Dr. Libero Ajello serving as the first president. Dr. Lorraine Friedman served as President in 1975. Several of her graduate students served as future presidents. The division is still active today.

Some of her notable work and awards include:

- 1948 Kellogg Foundation Award recipient [12]

- 1958- First recipient of the NIH mycology training grant with Morris F. Shaffer [13]

- 1962 Described the perfect state of Microsporum vanbrueuseghemii, fungal pathogen that causes Ringworm [14].

- 1963-1964 Chairman of the Mycology Division of American Society for Microbiology

- 1964-1965 President of American Society for Microbiology (ASM) [15].

- 1964 Recipient of the Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship to work in Uganda [16]

- 1966-1971 served on the editorial boards for the Journal of Bacteriology [17]

- 1970-1974 served on the board for Infection and Immunity [18]

- 1983 Started a 5 year term on the NIH Training Grant Committee within the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and later the Bacteriology and Mycology diseases [19]

- First woman appointed to the NIAID [20]

- 1993 Alice B Evans Award, named after the first female president of the ASM in 1928 [21]

See Also[edit]

BJ Hogg (30 October 2013). "Dr Lorraine Lillian Friedman". Find A Grave. Find A Grave. Retrieved 17 September 2018.

References[edit]

References

  1. ^ "Lorraine Friedman". The Advocate. Baton Rogue LA. 13 February 2001. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  2. ^ Friedman, Lorraine (1951). Comparative antigenic and immunologic studies on blastomyces dermatitidis, the cause of North American blastomycosis, and blastomyces brasiliensis, the cause of South American blastomycosis (PhD). Duke University.
  3. ^ Friedman, Lorraine (1951). Comparative antigenic and immunologic studies on blastomyces dermatitidis, the cause of North American blastomycosis, and blastomyces brasiliensis, the cause of South American blastomycosis (PhD). Duke University.
  4. ^ Friedman, L; Conant, N.F. (1953). "Immunological studies on the etiologic agents of North and South American blastomycosis". Mycopathologia. 6 (4): 317–324. doi:10.1007/BF02056714. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  5. ^ Friedman, L; Pappagianis, D; Berman, R.J.; Smith, C.E. (1953). "Studies on Coccidioides immitis: Morphology and sporulation capacity of forty-seven strains". The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. 42 (3): 438–444.
  6. ^ Domer, J.E.; Kobayashi, G (2001). "Obituary for Lorraine Friedman". Mycopathologia. 151 (1): 1–2. doi:10.1023/A:101095571. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
  7. ^ Espinel Ingroff, Ana (2003). Medical mycology in the United States : a historical analysis 1894-1996. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 75. ISBN 1402010672.
  8. ^ Espinel Ingroff, Ana (2003). Medical mycology in the United States : a historical analysis 1894-1996. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 60. ISBN 1402010672.
  9. ^ Domer, J.E.; Kobayashi, G (2001). "Obituary for Lorraine Friedman". Mycopathologia. 151 (1): 1–2. doi:10.1023/A:101095571. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
  10. ^ Espinel Ingroff, Ana (2003). Medical mycology in the United States : a historical analysis 1894-1996. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 1402010672.
  11. ^ Espinel Ingroff, Ana (2003). Medical mycology in the United States : a historical analysis 1894-1996. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 68. ISBN 1402010672.
  12. ^ "Lorraine Friedman". The Advocate. Baton Rogue LA. 13 February 2001. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  13. ^ "Lorraine Friedman". The Advocate. Baton Rogue LA. 13 February 2001. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  14. ^ Georg, L; Ajello, L; Friedman, L; Brinkman, S (1962). "A new species of Microsporum pathogenic to man and animals". Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology. 1 (4): 189–196. doi:10.1080/00362176285190381. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
  15. ^ "Past MMSA Presidents". Medical Mycological Society of America. Medical Mycological Society of America. 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
  16. ^ "Lorraine Friedman". The Advocate. Baton Rogue LA. 13 February 2001. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  17. ^ "Lorraine Friedman". The Advocate. Baton Rogue LA. 13 February 2001. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  18. ^ "Lorraine Friedman". The Advocate. Baton Rogue LA. 13 February 2001. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  19. ^ "Lorraine Friedman". The Advocate. Baton Rogue LA. 13 February 2001. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  20. ^ "Lorraine Friedman". The Advocate. Baton Rogue LA. 13 February 2001. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  21. ^ "EMD MILLIPORE ALICE C. EVANS AWARD PAST LAUREATES". Medical Mycological Society of America.

Welcome![edit]

Hello, Ekarlsenayala, and welcome to Wikipedia! My name is Elysia and I work with the Wiki Education Foundation; I help support students who are editing as part of a class assignment.

I hope you enjoy editing here. If you haven't already done so, please check out the student training library, which introduces you to editing and Wikipedia's core principles. You may also want to check out the Teahouse, a community of Wikipedia editors dedicated to helping new users. Below are some resources to help you get started editing.

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  • You can find answers to many student questions on our Q&A site, ask.wikiedu.org

If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact me on my talk page. Elysia (Wiki Ed) (talk) 20:55, 14 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]

talk page use[edit]

Hey Ekarlsenayala, hope you're well. I emailed you just a few minutes ago. Just wanted to drop a line and say that articles are usually drafted in sandbox-space. Your user talk page is where other users will come to interact with you to offer you suggestions, collaboration opportunities, questions, or other inquiries. As such, feel free to come to my talk page whenever you have questions, or you can type directly under this post and I'll see it. Happy editing! Elysia (Wiki Ed) (talk) 18:17, 15 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Hey Elysia,

Thanks for sending me the link to my new sandbox page. Is there a way to access this sandbox without following the link? I can't seem to get to this sandbox page without following your link. Thanks! Ekarlsenayala (talk) 18:39, 15 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]

I fiddled with it. Clicking on your sandbox should hopefully redirect you to sandbox2 now. If it doesn't, when in your sandbox, just go up in the url where it ends with "User:Ekarlsenayala/sandbox" and add a "2" to the end of the URL. Elysia (Wiki Ed) (talk) 18:48, 15 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]

A barnstar for you![edit]

The Original Barnstar
Thanks for your excellent additions to Pinus elliottii! The article is vastly improved, and Wikipedia thanks you! Elysia (Wiki Ed) (talk) 16:29, 22 April 2019 (UTC)[reply]
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