User:Xurizuri/ADHD References

NB: anything from before 2013 is definitely based on an outdated definition of ADHD. In 2019, ICD-11 was released and changed to match the DSM-5 definition; this version of the ICD will come into effect globally on 1 Jan 2022.

Boldface: article dates from 2018 on; meta-analyses, lit reviews, systematic reviews, particularly good study designs; cultural contexts other than British or US; trustworthy publishers/journals.

Most recent versions

International

PubMed search for ADHD practice guidelines:

• "Practice Guidelines as Topic"[MeSH] AND "Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity"[MeSH][1]
• (Practice Guideline[Publication Type]) AND (Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity[MeSH Terms])[2]

Trip database

• Search for guidelines
• Search for "evidence based synopses"
• Search for regulatory guidance

Diagnostic classification systems

• APA's DSM-5
• WHO's ICD: transition to ICD-11 officially occured 1 Jan 2022, but most countries still use ICD-10
• Chinese Society of Psychiatry's Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders, current version CCMD-3 (available in English)
• Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology - HiTOP Clinical Network. Not particularly embraced by any country, but it's there.
• Research Domain Criteria. Not particularly embraced by any country, but it's there.
• Outdated ones in Category:Classification of mental disorders

Other international sources

• Faraone, Stephen V.; Banaschewski, Tobias; Coghill, David; Zheng, Yi; Biederman, Joseph; et al. (The World Federation of ADHD) (2021). "The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 128. Elsevier BV: 789–818. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022. ISSN 0149-7634.
• Howlin, Patricia; Charman, Tony; Ghaziuddin, Mohammad, eds. (2011). The SAGE Handbook of Developmental Disorders. Los Angeles: SAGE Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4462-9582-3. OCLC 870425879.
• Young, Susan; Adamo, Nicoletta; Ásgeirsdóttir, Bryndís Björk; Branney, Polly; Beckett, Michelle; Colley, William; Cubbin, Sally; Deeley, Quinton; Farrag, Emad; Gudjonsson, Gisli; Hill, Peter; Hollingdale, Jack; Kilic, Ozge; Lloyd, Tony; Mason, Peter; Paliokosta, Eleni; Perecherla, Sri; Sedgwick, Jane; Skirrow, Caroline; Tierney, Kevin; van Rensburg, Kobus; Woodhouse, Emma (2020-08-12). "Females with ADHD: An expert consensus statement taking a lifespan approach providing guidance for the identification and treatment of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in girls and women". BMC Psychiatry. 20 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02707-9. ISSN 1471-244X.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
• Remschmidt, Helmut (2005). "Global consensus on ADHD/HKD". European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 14 (3). Global ADHD Working Group. Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 127–137. doi:10.1007/s00787-005-0439-x. ISSN 1018-8827.

• Reviews of guidelines:
  • Pharmacologic Management of Patients with ADHD: A Review of Guidelines (Report). CADTH Rapid Response Reports. Ottawa: Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH). 18 March 2016. PMID 27077160. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  • Wolraich, Mark L.; Chan, Eugenia; Froehlich, Tanya; Lynch, Rachel L.; Bax, Ami; Redwine, Susan T.; Ihyembe, Demvihin; Hagan, Joseph F. (1 October 2019). "ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines: A Historical Perspective". Pediatrics. 144 (4). American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). doi:10.1542/peds.2019-1682. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 31570649.
• Foy, Jane Meschan; Earls, Marian F. (1 January 2005). "A Process for Developing Community Consensus Regarding the Diagnosis and Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder". Pediatrics. 115 (1). American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): e97–e104. doi:10.1542/peds.2004-0953. ISSN 0031-4005.

National

May have different ones for diagnosis vs management. Different ones may be published by medical/paediatric/psychiatric/psychological associations, national research bodies, legal prescribing guidelines, etc

Cochrane reviews, under "related content" list any guidelines that the review has been cited in. It's a potential way to find more of these.

Ones I've seen in the past ∴ should be easy to find
USA:

• APA (iatric)
• APA (ological)
• American Medical Association
• CDC
• American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP; 2019). Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents.
  • Endorsed by the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP)
• Kemper, Alex R.; Maslow, Gary R.; Hill, Sherika; Namdari, Behrouz; Allen LaPointe, Nancy M.; Goode, Adam P.; Coeytaux, Remy R.; Befus, Deanna; Kosinski, Andrzej S.; Bowen, Samantha E.; McBroom, Amanda J.; Lallinger, Kathryn R.; Sanders, Gillian D.; et al. (Effective Health Care Program) (25 January 2018). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Treatment in Children and Adolescents (Report). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. doi:10.23970/ahrqepccer203.
  • They're currently writing the 2021 version.
  • Both were by request of AAP
• National Institutes of Health -> National Institute of Mental Health.
• Pliszka, Steven (2007). "Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. AACAP Official Action. 46 (7). American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) Work Group on Quality Issues. Elsevier BV: 894–921. doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318054e724. ISSN 0890-8567.
  • related: Walkup, John (2009). "Practice Parameter on the Use of Psychotropic Medication in Children and Adolescents". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. AACAP Official Action. 48 (9). American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) Work Group on Quality Issues. Elsevier BV: 961–973. doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3181ae0a08. ISSN 0890-8567.
• Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics (SDBP; 2020) Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics Clinical Practice Guideline for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Complex Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Australia/NZ:

• Both
  • Royal Australian & New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP; 2012). Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) practice guidelines. (NB: these give two guidelines to refer to and additional guidance on the page)
• Aus only
  • National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC; 2012). Clinical Practice Points - ADHD in children and adolescents.
    • (this draft was submitted to the NHMRC but they went with the CPP) Royal Australasian College of Physicians (RACP; 2009). Draft Australian Guidelines on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. (NB: this one is overruled by the NHMRC one)
    • Australian ADHD Professionals Association (AADPA) is dev'ing a draft to be submitted for consideration to the NHMRC by end of 2021.
• NZ only

Canada:

• Canadian ADHD Resource Alliance (CADDRA; 2020). Canadian ADHD Practice Guidelines, 4.1 Edition.

UK:

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
  • NICE (2019). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management. NICE guideline [NG87]. (original published 2018; viewed Aug 2021)
  • NICE (2018). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Quality standard [QS39](original published 2013; viewed Aug 2021)
  • They're continually developing and updating stuff, and they have advice pieces too. As of Aug 2021, their advice covers guanfacine PR, vyvanse, clonidine, and melatonin (comorbid sleep disorder).
    
• Young, Susan; Adamou, Marios; Asherson, Philip; Coghill, David; Colley, Bill; Gudjonsson, Gisli; Hollis, Chris; McCarthy, Jane; Müller, Ulrich; Paul, Moli; Pitts, Mark; Arif, Muhammad (2016-08-26). "Recommendations for the transition of patients with ADHD from child to adult healthcare services: a consensus statement from the UK adult ADHD network". BMC Psychiatry. 16 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1013-4. ISSN 1471-244X.
• Bolea-Alamañac B, Nutt DJ, Adamou M, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: update on recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28: 179-203.
• Bolea-Alamañac, Blanca; Nutt, David J; Adamou, Marios; Asherson, Phillip; Bazire, Stephen; Coghill, David; Heal, David; Müller, Ulrich; Nash, John; Santosh, Paramala; Sayal, Kapil; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund; Young, Susan J (2014-02-12). "Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Update on recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 28 (3). SAGE Publications: 179–203. doi:10.1177/0269881113519509. ISSN 0269-8811.

South Africa:

India:

• Shah, Ruchita; Grover, Sandeep; Avasthi, Ajit; Indian Psychiatric Society (2019). "Clinical practice guidelines for the assessment and management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 61 (8). Medknow: 176. doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_543_18. ISSN 0019-5545. PMC 6345138. PMID 30745695.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

Japan:

Most populous countries

China:

Indonesia:

Pakistan:

Brazil:

Nigeria:

Bangladesh:

Russia:

Mexico:

Others I encountered

Germany:

• Banaschewski, T; Hohmann, S; Millenet, S, eds. (2018), Long version of the interdisciplinary evidence- and consensus-based (S3) guideline "Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) in children, adolescents and adults" (PDF), Association of the Scientific Medical Societies [German: Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF)], AWMF Registration No. 028-045
  • Review planned for 2022

Spain:

• Guía de Práctica Clínica sobre las Intervenciones Terapéuticas en el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) [Clinical Practice Guideline on Therapeutic Interventions in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)] (PDF) (Report). Guías de Práctica Clínica en el SNS [Clinical Practice Guidelines in the SNS] (in Spanish). Spain: Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud [Aragonese Institute of Health Sciences]. 2017. Retrieved 2022-01-16.

Netherlands:

• https://richtlijnen.nhg.org/standaarden/adhd-bij-kinderen [Dutch College of General Practitioners - Guideline on ADHD in children (Guideline M104)]. Stijntjes, Hassink-Franke, Kruishoop, Beeres, Eekhof, Van Manen, Stoffelsen, Wensing, Fliers, Van der Zalm, Wiersma Tj, Verduijn, Burgers, De Vries, Van Avendonk. 2014.

Europe:

• Kooij, J.J.S.; Bijlenga, D.; Salerno, L.; Jaeschke, R.; Bitter, I.; et al. (2019). "Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD". European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists. 56 (1). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 14–34. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.11.001. ISSN 0924-9338. PMID 30453134.
• Crunelle, Cleo L.; van den Brink, Wim; Moggi, Franz; Konstenius, Maija; Franck, Johan; Levin, Frances R.; van de Glind, Geurt; Demetrovics, Zsolt; Coetzee, Corné; Luderer, Mathias; Schellekens, Arnt; Matthys, Frieda (2018). "International Consensus Statement on Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment of Substance Use Disorder Patients with Comorbid Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder". European Addiction Research. 24 (1). S. Karger AG: 43–51. doi:10.1159/000487767. ISSN 1022-6877.
• Clinical investigation of medicinal products for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Report). European Medicines Agency. 2010-08-05. CHMP/EWP/431734/2008. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
  • All EMA documents mentioning ADHD
• Taylor, E.; Döpfner, M.; Sergeant, J.; et al. (2004). "European clinical guidelines for hyperkinetic disorder -- first upgrade". European child & adolescent psychiatry. 13 (Suppl 1). On behalf of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (ESCAP) and with the European Network for Hyperkinetic Disorders (EUNETHYDIS). Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1007/s00787-004-1002-x. ISSN 1018-8827. PMID 15322953.
  • Broadly superseded by later consensus statements which involved the same groups.
• European Network for Hyperkinetic Disorders (EUNETHYDIS). They didn't really publish a specific guideline but they do a lot of meta-analyses. They also often work with other groups when those groups are developing guidelines. All publications by their guideline group

Summaries of specific articles

2009: Prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis, in The British Journal of Psychiatry (q1 on SJR).

• haven't read yet

2015: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, in Nature (Q1 on SJR)

• Overall lit review: global summary but some US focus
• Covers epidemiology, mechanisms/pathophysiology, diagnosis/screening/prevention, management, quality of life, research outlook

2020: Epidemiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis, in Annals of General Psychiatry (Q2 on SJR, may be bc they're new)

• Across all of africa
• 7.47% of kids/teens have adhd (consistent w some global estimates, higher than others).
• boys:girls is 2.01:1 (less boys than in other analyses, they may be underdiagnosed).
• inattentive > H/I > combined, in boys, girls, and total.
• different countries have different rates, but could be a methodological issue

Strengths

2020: Creativity and ADHD: A review of behavioral studies, the effect of psychostimulants and neural underpinnings, in Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (Q1 on SJR)

• lit review
• mentions that strengths are mostly discussed/recognised outside the academic sphere
• high creativity (some evidence for specifically divergent "out of the box" thinking): although this was only true for subclinical, high trait ADHD people
  • possibly as a result of impulsivity and distractibility (these are associated w creativity in gen pop)
  • creativity relied on activation of information/stimuli, and more unusual activations are more "creative"
  • adhd has a "flexible association network" in memory, allowing easy activation of material distant from the trigger
  • diffuse attention is a boon, because it allows more flexibility when transforming the activated material into actual ideas, including consideration of different perspectives (!!)
• not great at structured creativity, where you apply executive function to sort out less creative ideas by focusing on the task for extended periods
• ADHD tends to lead to greater number of creative achievements
• there's overlap between genes (some evidence), and neuroimaging (strong indirect evidence) related to creativity and ADHD
• stimulants don't reduce the creativity!

Women-specific

????: Women and Girls, by CHADD

• Undated, unreferenced webpage giving a brief overview of adhd in women.
• CHADD is a US ADHD ngo
• still need to go through

2003: ADHD: A Woman's Issue, by APA Monitor

• news feature article thing
• NB: the organisation mentioned isn't active anymore
• covers some issues about it being underrepresented in research, mommy factor, trauma/learned helplessness
• need to read through properly

2006: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Girls, in CNS Drugs (Q1 on SJR but did have Q2 a few years ago)

• lit review
• Similar rates but diagnoses prevented by bias.

• Symptom differences (contrasts H/I with I).

2011: Predictors of persistence in girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results from an 11-year controlled follow-up study: Predictors of persistence in girls with ADHD, in Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. (Q1 on SJR)

• prospective longitudinal: whether 90ish girls still had ADHD 11 years later
• most did still have ADHD as adults/late teens
• Predictors! Blinding!
• NB: dropout and cohort effects

2013: ADHD is Different for Women, in The Atlantic/The Wire

• news article, incl. some lived experience
• haven't read fully, but NB that it mentions that women w/ ADHD are treated w/ scepticism

2013: Women and ADHD: How ADHD typically affects women, and how to cope with it, in WebMD

• news feature
• mentions that women have many issues at home, relating to traditional roles/expectations
• says that the symptom difference is "likely" due to social factors
• need to read properly

2019: Clinical Characteristics of Women with ADHD in Japan, in Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. (q2 on SJR but its new)

• correlational, 335 adhd adults in Japan, checking impairment men vs women.
• Japan: tight culture generally, women have to be v quiet polite organised patient etc. Socially and in work, women w/ adhd are expected to do more routine, clerical, organisational tasks than men, so are disadvantaged.
• Women equally likely to have adhd; more likely to be divorced; more likely to be part-time vs full-time employed but equally likely to be homemaker/student or unemployed; equally likely to be inattentive but less likely to be H/I; past psych comorbidities equally likely except for bipolar is more likely; having any active psych comorbidities almost double as likely; more likely to be on mood stabilisers.
• Bias in the sample would've affected the co-morbidity results - less comorbidities than normal for ADHD due to sampling
• (not gender related: inatt symptoms reduced likelihood of comorbid, H/I increased it. hectic.)
• (very small sub-sample, but men w/ adhd were less likely than random men to be divorced, whereas women w adhd were multiple times more likely than random women).
• (check back on these authors in future, they plan to undertake larger ADHD in Japan studies)
• HAVE ADDED TO REASONS LISTS ABOVE REFERENCES.

2020: Females with ADHD: An expert consensus statement taking a lifespan approach providing guidance for the identification and treatment of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in girls and women, in BMC Psychiatry (q1 on SJR, has had some q2 and q3 a few years ago but it did start then)

• expert statements in Britain (it's heavily cited, but its not a lit review)
• haven't read yet

Summary re: gender differences

Possible reasons for discrepancies between male/default model and women

• different hormonal influences
• women are socialised differently which affects behaviour
• women are more susceptible to comorbidities eg anx dep which affect behaviour

Possible reasons for later detection in women

• symptoms less visible bc less H/I

Possible reasons for greater psych comorbidities in women

• lower self-esteem due to greater social-definition disability
• later detection so longer time to be disabled and develop comorbidities

Intervention differences

• women have more issues w/ self-esteem, so therapy can focus on that