User:Sparklingacres/sandbox

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Sportaloosa International
File:SportaloosaBrand.gif
Full nameSportaloosa International
Short nameSportaloosa
Founded20 November 2008; 15 years ago (2008-11-20)
Current season

Sportaloosa International is a non-profit registry for spotted horses, based in Australia and New Zealand and serving members from around the world. The registry was established to promote athletic Appaloosa, Knabstrupper, and other spotted horses and ponies such as the Palouse Pony as sound, sane, spotted riding horses and to reward their achievements in open breed competition.

The registry is independent and operates online at sportaloosa.com.[1]

The club colours, reflected in their crest and kit, are sky blue and white. Formed on 24 February 1910, the club have won sixteen national championship titles and fourteen national cup titles, making them the most successful club in Sweden in terms of total trophies won.[2] Malmö FF have also won the highest Swedish league, Allsvenskan, on three occasions when the title of Swedish champions was not decided by the outcome of that league.[3][A] They were runners-up in the 1979 European Champions Cup final, which they lost 1–0 to English club Nottingham Forest.[4] This made them the only Swedish football club, as of 2011, to have reached the final of the competition, for which the team were awarded the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal.[5]

Malmö FF are an open member association and the annual general meeting is the highest policy-making body. The meeting approves the accounts and elects the chairman and board. Håkan Jeppsson is the current chairman, elected in 2010. Daily operations are run by a managing director who liaises with the chairman. With an equity of 78 million SEK (approximately €8.8 million) the club are the richest football club in Sweden as of 2011.[6]

The club are currently playing in Allsvenskan, where the season lasts from April to October. The club first won Allsvenskan in 1944.[7] Malmö FF were most successful during the 1970s, when they won five Swedish championships and four Svenska Cupen titles. The main rivals of the club are Helsingborgs IF, IFK Göteborg and historically IFK Malmö.[8] MFF Support is the official fan club of Malmö FF.[9] The club have also been featured in the media, including the football documentaries Blådårar 1 and Blådårar 2.

History[edit]

Early years[edit]

Malmö IP, the first home stadium for the club between 1910 and 1957

The club arose from a municipal initiative in 1905 to encourage young people in Malmö to play organised football. One of the youth teams, Bollklubben Idrott, also known simply as BK Idrott, was a predecessor to Malmö FF. BK Idrott joined the newly created football department of IFK Malmö in 1909, but soon left because of issues between the two clubs. On 24 February 1910 the 19 members of BK Idrott founded Malmö FF; the first chairman was Werner Mårtensson.[10][11]

The club spent their first ten years in local and regional divisions as there was no official national league competition, playing the majority of their matches in the city division called Malmömästerskapen. They also competed in regional competitions in Scania, and played matches against Danish clubs. In 1916 Malmö FF reached the final of the Scanian regional competition (Distrikmästerskapen) for the first time, playing against rival Helsingborgs IF but losing 3–4.[12] The club defeated local rival IFK Malmö three times during the season, and thus earned the unofficial but much desired title of Malmö's best football club.[13] In 1917 Malmö FF competed in Svenska Mästerskapet for the first time, a cup tournament for the title of Swedish champions, but lost their first match in the second qualifying round 4–1 against IFK Malmö. The club continued to play in the cup until 1922, reaching the quarter-finals in 1920 when they were knocked out by Landskrona BoIS. The cup was eventually discontinued and the title of Swedish champions was given to the winners of Allsvenskan which was first created for the 1924–25 season.[14][A]

In 1920 the Swedish Football Association invited Swedish football clubs to compete in official national competitions. Malmö FF earned a place in Division 2 Sydsvenska Serien. They won this division in the first season, and were promoted to Svenska Serien Västra, the highest level of competition in Sweden at the time. However, they were relegated after a single season, and found themselves back in Sydsvenska Serien for nearly a decade until they again achieved promotion to Allsvenskan, in 1931.[15]

First years in Allsvenskan and early achievements[edit]

The Malmö FF team of 1943–44

The club achieved mid-table league positions for two seasons, but they were relegated in 1934 as a penalty for breaking amateur regulations. The club had paid their players a small sum of money for each game. Although against the rules, this was common at the time; Malmö FF were the only club to show it in their accounting records. In addition to relegation to Division 2, the club suffered bans for the entire board of directors and twenty-six players. The version of events told by Malmö FF and local press suggests that local rival IFK Malmö reported the violation to the Swedish Football Association. This belief has contributed to the longstanding competitive tensions between the clubs.[16][17][18]

The club made their way back to Allsvenskan in 1937 after two seasons in Division 2. In the same year Eric Persson was elected as chairman after being secretary since 1929, and held the position until 1974. Persson is regarded by club leaders and fans as the most important person in the club's history, as he turned the club professional in the 1970's. Under his leadership the club went from being titleless in 1937 to holding ten Swedish championships by the end of the 1974 season.[19] In 1939 the club reached their highest position yet, third place in Allsvenskan, nine points behind champions IF Elfsborg. Malmö FF's first Swedish championship came in 1944, when the club won the penultimate game of the season against AIK before 36,000 spectators at Råsunda. The last game of the season was won 7–0 against Halmstad BK.[20]

For the next nine seasons, Malmö FF finished in the top three in the league. The club won the Swedish Championship in 1949, 1950, 1951 and 1953, and were runners-up in 1946, 1948 and 1952. The club also won Svenska Cupen in 1944, 1946, 1947, 1951 and 1953, and finished as runners-up in 1945. Between 6 May 1949 and 1 June 1951, the team were unbeaten in 49 matches, of which 23 were an unbroken streak of victories.[21]

Young players in the 1960s

The club finished as runners-up in Allsvenskan twice more, in 1956 and 1957. The following year the club left Malmö IP for Malmö Stadion, which had been built for the 1958 FIFA World Cup, and was to host the club for the next 50 years. In 1964 Malmö FF contracted Spanish manager Antonio Durán; this was the first of a series of changes that led to the most successful era in the club's history. Young talents such as Lars Granström and Bo Larsson emerged during the early 1960s and would prove to be crucial ingredients in the success that would come in the 1970s. The club finished second in 1964 but went on to win their sixth Swedish Championship in 1965, when Bo Larsson scored 28 goals to finish as the league's top goal scorer. Malmö FF once again won Allsvenskan in 1967, after a less successful year in 1966. The club's young players, as well as talents bought in from neighbouring clubs in Scania in 1967, became a team that consistently finished in the top three in Allsvenskan.[22]

Successful 1970s, European Cup 1979, 1980s and 1990s[edit]

After finishing as runners-up in Allsvenskan for the final two years of the 1960s, Malmö FF started the most successful decade of their history with a Swedish Championship in 1970. The club won Allsvenskan in 1970, 1971, 1974, 1975 and 1977 as well as Svenska Cupen in 1976 and 1978. The 1977 Allsvenskan victory qualified the club for the 1978–79 European Cup, and after victories against AS Monaco, Dynamo Kiev, Wisla Krakow and Austria Wien, they reached the final of the competition, which they played at Olympiastadion in Munich against Nottingham Forest. Trevor Francis, who scored the only goal of the match, won it 1–0 for Forest. Nevertheless the 1979 European Cup run is the biggest success in the history of Malmö FF.[23] The team were given the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal the same year, awarded for the most significant Swedish sporting achievement of the year, for their achievement in the European Cup.[5]

Malmö Stadion, the home stadium for the club between 1958 and 2008

Much of the success during the 1970s was due to new tactics and training methods brought to the club by Englishman Bob Houghton, who managed the club between 1974 and 1980. Eric Persson was succeeded as chairman in 1974 by Hans Cavalli-Björkman. After the team performed respectably under managers Keith Blunt and Tord Grip in the early 1980s, Roy Hodgson took over in 1985. He led the club to two Swedish Championships in 1986 and 1988, and the club won Allsvenskan five years in a row between 1985 and 1989. At the time, the championship was decided by play-offs between the best teams after the end of the regular season; this arrangement was in place from 1982 until 1992. The club reached the play-off final four times between 1986 and 1989 but only managed to win the final twice. Apart from Allsvenskan and Swedish Championships, the club won Svenska Cupen in 1984, 1986 and 1989.[24]

Other than finishing as runners-up in Allsvenskan in 1996, the team did not excel in the 1990s, as the club failed to win Allsvenskan and Svenska Cupen throughout the entire decade. The 1990s ended with relegation from Allsvenskan in 1999. Hans Cavalli-Björkman was succeeded as chairman by Bengt Madsen in 1999, and former player Hasse Borg was contracted as Director of Sport. These operational changes, as well as the emergence of young talent Zlatan Ibrahimović, led to the return to Allsvenskan in 2001. Ibrahimović rose to fame and became an important player in the club's campaign to return to the top league. He was later sold to Ajax in 2001, before playing for Juventus, Internazionale, FC Barcelona and eventually AC Milan in 2010.[25]

Start of the 2000s to the present[edit]

Opening game at Swedbank Stadion

The return to Allsvenskan was the start of the successful early 2000s, under the management of Tom Prahl, when the club finished in the top three three times in a row. In 2004, it won Allsvenskan, the club's fifteenth Swedish Championship. In 2005 the club reached the last qualifying round for the UEFA Champions League but were defeated by FC Thun. Successful sponsor work and player sales also made Malmö FF the richest club in Sweden, a position they still hold as of 2011.[26][27] The club moved from Malmö Stadion to Swedbank Stadion in 2009, a stadium built entirely for football and located next to the old one.[28]

In 2009, Madsen announced that he would step down as chairman, and was replaced by Håkan Jeppsson early the following year.[29] In 2010 the club marked their 100th anniversary with many celebratory events at the beginning of the season. On the day of the club's 100th anniversary in 2010, the Swedish football magazine Offside declared Malmö FF to be the greatest football club in Swedish history.[30] The season became a great success as the club won Allsvenskan for the nineteenth time and became Swedish champions for the sixteenth time.[31] Unlike in 2004, these successes were achieved without any major transfers before the season, and with a squad consisting mostly of younger players.[32] The club remain one of the dominant football clubs in Sweden. In the 2011 season the club ranked second in the overall Allsvenskan table maratontabellen.[33] Malmö FF are also the record holders for total number of Allsvenskan championships and Svenska Cupen championships, and second only to IFK Göteborg in number of Swedish championships.[7][34]

Colours and crest[edit]

Home kit from 1920 to the present
Home kit between 1910 and 1920
Home kit for the 1910 season

The club are often known by the nicknames Di blåe (The Blues) and Himmelsblått (The Sky Blues). This is because of the club colours, sky blue and white. The players wear sky-blue shirts, white shorts, and sky-blue socks. The away colours are red and white striped shirts, black shorts, and red socks. Various alternative kits have been used for European play such as all-white kits introduced in the 1950s and all-black kits with sky-blue and golden edges and text used for European play in 2005.[35]

The club colours have not always been sky blue. The predecessor club BK Idrott wore blue and white striped shirts and white shorts, and this kit was still used for the first six months of 1910 after Malmö FF was founded. This was later changed to red and white striped shirts and black shorts to symbolise that Malmö FF were a new club, and a very similar kit is now used as the away kit for historical reasons. The present sky-blue kit was introduced in 1920.[36] Since 2010 a small Scanian flag is featured on the back of the shirt just below the neck.[37]

The crest of Malmö FF consists of a shield with two vertical sky-blue fields on the sides, and one vertical white field in the middle. Underneath the shield is "Malmö FF" spelled out in sky-blue letters with a sky-blue star under the text. In the top area of the shield is a white horizontal field over the three vertical fields. The abbreviation of the club name "MFF" is spelled out with sky-blue letters in this field. On top of the shield are five tower-like extensions of the white field. The present shield crest made its debut on the shirt in the 1940s.[38] There were other crests before this but they were never featured on the shirt. While the first crest was black and white, the second crest was red and white in accordance with the club's main colours between 1910 and 1920.[35]

In modern times a golden star has been added over the shield. This is a feature used only on the crests on player shirts. The star is used to symbolize that the club have won more than ten domestic titles. In the original shield logo the full club name and sky-blue star beneath the shield were not featured, they were later added when club chairman Eric Persson discovered while abroad that people had trouble identifying what city the club came from just by looking at the club crest. For the 100th anniversary of the club in 2010, the years 1910 and 2010 were featured on each side of the shield on a sky-blue ribbon behind the shield.[37] In 2011 the club introduced a new away kit, an all-white kit to be used as an alternative dress in European club competitions as well as Allsvenskan.

Supporters and rivalries[edit]

Fans at a home game
See also: MFF Support

Malmö FF are well known for their large local following.[39] The club have several fan clubs, of which the largest is the official fan club MFF Support. It was founded in 1992. MFF Support describes itself as "an idealistic and non-political association working against violence and racism".[9] The current chairman of MFF Support is Magnus Ericsson.[40]

There are also several smaller independent supporter groups. The most prominent of these is Supras Malmö, which was founded in 2003 by a coalition of smaller ultras groups and devoted fans.[41] The name "Supras" is derived from the words supporters and ultras – the latter indicating that the group is inspired by a fan culture with roots in the Mediterranean. Supras Malmö is the most visible group in the main supporter stand at Swedbank Stadion, marking its presence with banners, flags and choreography. Another group with similar goals is Rex Scania. MFF Tifosi 96 is a network of supporters creating tifos for special occasions and important games.[42] The average attendance for the club's games in the 2011 season was 12,388, the second best attendance in 2011 Allsvenskan after AIK.[43]

Because of geographical proximity, minor rivalries exist with Trelleborgs FF and Landskrona BoIS, which are both also located in Scania.[8] The main rivals of the club are Helsingborgs IF, IFK Göteborg and IFK Malmö. The rivalry between Malmö FF and Helsingborgs IF has existed since Malmö FF were promoted up to Allsvenskan in the 1930s, and is primarily geographic, since both teams are from Scania in southern Sweden. The rivalry with IFK Göteborg relates more to title clashes; the two are the most successful clubs in Swedish football history and the only two to have appeared in

  1. ^ http://www.sportaloosa.com. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ^ "Fakta". mff.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2009-11-24.
  3. ^ "Malmö FF". svenskfotboll.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2011-01-01.
  4. ^ "1978/79: Forest join élite club". uefa.com. Retrieved 2011-02-07.
  5. ^ a b "Bragdmedaljörer genom tiderna". svd.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2011-02-01.
  6. ^ "Årsredovisning 2010 – Positiva tecken trots ett svagt resultat". mff.se. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
  7. ^ a b "Svenska mästare 1896–1925, 1931–". svenskfotboll.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2009-11-25.
  8. ^ a b Törner, 2005, pp. 52–54.
  9. ^ a b "Vad är MFF Support?". mff-familjen.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2009-11-24.
  10. ^ Smitt, 2009, pp. 14–16.
  11. ^ "1910–1939". mff.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2010-12-17.
  12. ^ Smitt, 2009, p. 17.
  13. ^ Smitt, 2009, pp. 16–17.
  14. ^ Smitt, 2009, p. 258.
  15. ^ Smitt, 2009, pp. 20–21.
  16. ^ Smitt, 2009, pp. 25–26.
  17. ^ "Malmö FF". malmo.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2011-01-17.
  18. ^ "Historia po himmaplan". sydsvenskan.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2011-01-17.
  19. ^ Smitt, 2009, pp. 165.
  20. ^ Smitt, 2009, pp. 27–35.
  21. ^ Smitt, 2009, pp. 40–48.
  22. ^ Smitt, 2009, pp. 49–58.
  23. ^ Smitt, 2009, pp. 58–67.
  24. ^ Smitt, 2009, pp. 76–80.
  25. ^ Smitt, 2009, pp. 84–90.
  26. ^ Smitt, 2009, pp. 89–90.
  27. ^ "MFF är Sveriges rikaste klubb". idrottensaffarer.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2010-12-17.
  28. ^ Smitt, 2009, pp. 94–95.
  29. ^ "Välbesökt årsmöte valde Håkan Jeppsson till ny ordförande". mff.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2010-12-17.
  30. ^ Regnell, Tobias; Ystèn, Henrik (2010). "Störst i Sverige". Offside (in Swedish) (2). Offside: 64–81. ISSN 1404-6822. Retrieved 2011-02-19.
  31. ^ "Malmö FF – Svenska mästare 2010". mff.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2010-12-17.
  32. ^ "Det hänger på de unga". svenskfotboll.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2010-12-17.
  33. ^ "Maratontabellen". svenskfotboll.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2009-11-25.
  34. ^ "Svenska Cupens finaler 1941–". svenskfotboll.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2010-12-18.
  35. ^ a b Törner, 2005, p. 40.
  36. ^ Smitt, 2009, pp. 16, 20.
  37. ^ a b "Nu släpper vi matchtröjan för jubileumssäsongen!". mff.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2010-12-17.
  38. ^ Smitt, 2009, p. 20.
  39. ^ "Malmö i topp även i publikligan". svenskfotboll.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2010-12-17.
  40. ^ "Han är MFF Supports nya ordförande". sydsvenskan.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2011-09-21.
  41. ^ "Manifest". suprasmalmo.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2010-12-17.
  42. ^ "Vad är MT96?". mff-familjen.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2010-12-17.
  43. ^ "Statistik/ligor". svenskfotboll.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2011-10-25.
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