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The Liverpool Irish is a unit of the British Territorial Army, raised as infantry in 1860 and transferred to the Royal Artillery as an anti-aircraft regiment in 1947. The Liverpool Irish has since reduced to "A" Troop, in 208 (3rd West Lancashire) Battery, 103rd (Lancashire Artillery Volunteers) Regiment. The regiment provides individual reinforcements to regular artillery regiments equipped with the AS-90 and L118.[1]

Liverpool's large Irish community formed the 64th Lancashire Rifle Volunteer Corps on 25 April 1860, one of many volunteer corps raised in Lancashire during a period of heightened tension with France.[2] The corps (later renumbered the 18th) was briefly incorporated into the 2nd Administrative Battalion, which was formed to organise other volunteer corps in the county.[3] The 64th formally became the "Liverpool Irish" Rifle Volunteer Corps in 1864.[4]

Under the localisation scheme implemented during the Cardwell-Childers reforms of the British Armed Forces, the Liverpool Irish became the 5th (Irish) Volunteer Battalion of the King's (Liverpool Regiment).

History[edit]

Second Boer War[edit]

An advert published in the Liverpool Echo

Bidwill and the Liverpool Irish were often accussed of Irish Republican sympathies and some even claimed it had trained members of a radical nationalist group. Conversely, Bidwill, a liberal Catholic importer of corn, opposed home rule and frequently [5] Throughout its early history, the Liverpool Irish and Colonel Bidwill were

In contrast to the 10th Battalion (Liverpool Scottish), mostly composed of the middle-class, the Liverpool Irish contained many men of an impoverished background. The reputation it acquired by virtue of its Irish identity was reflected in Lord Derby's judgement of the battalion. In a letter written to Lieutenant-General George MacDonogh after the First World War, Lord Derby described the battalion as "unsatisfactory...very insubordinate".[6] Disciplinary problems were associated with the Liverpool Irish during peacetime

  • Colonel Sir Gerard McClellan
  • Colonel James Graeme Bryson OBE TD JP DL LlM, Registrar to the High Court of Justice Liverpool County Court. Former Commanding Officer of 626 (Liverpool Irish) Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment Royal Artillery (1952-1955)

The battalion was not mobilised intact during the Second Boer War; instead, drafts were provided for the Imperial Yeomanry and King's, and a service company attached to the 1st Royal Irish Regiment.[7] In all, 224 volunteered.[8] The contribution of the Liverpool Irish was recognised with a single battle honour: "South Africa 1900-02". Haldane's reforms established the Territorial Force in 1908 and organised it into brigades and divisions administered by County Associations. The battalion, renumbered the 8th, became subordinated to the Liverpool Brigade, West Lancashire Division. The battalion's strength was recorded Co be 942 all-ranks in 1910.[9] With a recorded strength of 91910, the Liverpool J.A. Cooney

World War I[edit]

At the onset of war, in August 1914, the Liverpool Irish mobilised and moved to Canterbury. Two duplicate battalions were raised in October 1914 and May 1915, designated as the 2/8th and 3/8th respectively. Territorial soldiers who were unable to volunteer for overseas service formed the 2/8th, which became responsible for training recruits.[10] The 2/8th was, however, dispatched to the Western Front in February 1917, with the 57th Division's 171st (2nd Liverpool) Brigade. The third-line remained responsible for training recruits and was ultimately absorbed by the 7th (Reserve) Battalion, West Lancashire Reserve Brigade.

After reassigned to the North Lancashire Brigade in February 1915, the Liverpool Irish and landed at Boulogne-sur-Mer in May, one month after the brigade was assigned to the 51st (Highland) Division. Heavy casualties were sustained in the battalion's first engagement of the war, in the Second Action at Givenchy (15-16 June). As the only battalion remaining in the brigade able to undertake an attack, the other three having incurred heavy losses on the first-day, the Liverpool Irish was ordered to .[11] Much of the Liverpool Irish fell as they advanced across no man's land, opposed by artillery, rifle, and machine-gun fire.[12] The few that penetrated the first-line of the German trenches eventually retired to British lines.[12]

Second-Lieutenant E.F. Baxter

When the West Lancashire Division was reformed in January 1916, the battalion and its brigade returned to their original division. A group of specially-trained volunteers from the Liverpool Irish conducted the division's first major raid on German trenches, at Ransart on the night of 17 April. Split into two parties of wirecutters and raiders, the Liverpool Irish entered the trench system and proceeded to grenade three dug-outs and destroy a munitions store[13] The raiders' sole fatality, Second-Lieutenant Edward Felix Baxter, was awarded a posthumous Victoria Cross.

The division arrived in the Somme area on 25 July and moved to the frontline opposite the village of Guillemont on 30 July.[14] Guillemont, where other battalions of the King's Regiment had fought, was the 1/8th's next major battle, on 8 August. Rapidly advancing in conditions that made visibility poor, the Liverpool Irish reached and entered the village.[15] Progress had been so sudden that the first-line trenches remained uncleared of German troops. Their support Effectively unsupported after the 1/4th Loyal Regiment was compelled to withdraw, the Liverpool Irish were isolated and surrounded. Casualties numbered 15 officers and men killed, 55 wounded, and 502 missing.[15] The battle for Guillemont was renewed the following night but the village was not captured until 3 September.

Reorganisation in January 1918 resulted in the 1/8th absorbing the 2/8th and transferring to the latters brigade, with Lieutenant-Colonel E.C. Heath of the 1/8th retaining his command. The consolidated 8th battalion was assigned to the 2/8th's 171st Brigade. When the armistice came into effect on 11 November, the Liverpool Irish was billeted at Hellemmes.[16] The end of hostilities was noted in the battalion's war diary: "Armistice signed."[17]

Almost four-years of service on the Western Front had resulted in the Liverpool Irish incurring substantial losses. During the period of their attachment to the 55th Division, casualties for the 1/8th amounted to 475 officers and men dead; 1,575 wounded; and 410 missing.[18] Two soldiers from the battalion were executed during the war: Privates Joseph Brennan and Bernard McGeehan, both charged with desertion.[19]

Reduction in national expenditure following the war (the "Geddes Axe") reduced the British Armed Forces and the Liverpool Irish was disbanded in 1922.

World War II[edit]

The Territorial Army was expanded in March 1939 and the Liverpool Irish resultingly reformed with headquarters at the Embassy Rooms, Mount Pleasant.[20] Recruitment commenced in May and Lieutenant-Colonel Ernest Michael Murphy was appointed as the battalion's first commanding officer.[21] Murphy was succeeded to command by Colonel William Henry Hynes, Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, in 1940. For three-years, the battalion trained and was assigned various duties across Britain, initially in Morecambe and Yorkshire. As Allied plans to invade occupied France developed in 1943, the Liverpool Irish was selected to form the nucleus of the 7th Beach Group. Objectives delegated to the beach groupon an invasion beach were to maintain organisation, secure positions, and provide defence against counter-attack. Extensive specialist training occurred in Ayrshire and other parts of Britain under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel W.J. Humphrey.

LCAs approaching Juno Beach.

On 30 May, the Liverpool Irish moved from its camp in southern England to the port of Southampton and embarked aboard troopships and landing ship tanks in early June. Part of the Liverpool Irish embarked aboard the Ulster Monarch, formerly a passenger ship on the Belfast-Liverpool line.[22] After a delay of 24-hours, the invasion fleet proceeded to Normandy on 5 June. The 7th Beach Group landed at Juno Beach with the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division on 6 June.

Two companies of the Liverpool Irish were assigned to the "Mike Green" and "Mike Red" areas, at Graye-sur-Mer, where the Royal Winnipeg Rifles suffered heavy casualties. Under intense machine-gun and mortar fire, the landing of Major E.M. Morrison's "A" Company proceeded well and a command-post was established after reaching the sand dunes.[23] In "B" Company's area, the late arrival of the reconnaissance party and DD tanks exposed the landing infantry to heavy machine-gun fire. The company's officer commanding, Major O'Brien, and the second-in-comannd were among those wounded.[24] While under fire, the beach group collected the wounded and dead, located and marked minefields, attempted to maintain organisation, and directed vehicles and troops inland.[25]

On 7 June, a bomb released by a lone Luftwaffe fighter exploded amongst the anti-tank platoon of the Liverpool Irish, killing 15 and badly wounding seven.[26] Employment with the beach group continued for a further six-weeks. Notification was received on 14 July, via a letter written by General Montgomery, that the Liverpool Irish was to be disbanded.[27] Depleted by losses and the transfer of soldiers to other units as reinforcements, the Liverpool Irish was placed in a state of "suspended animation" on 31 August.[28] Many of the battalion's were dispersed to other regiments in the Army, .

When the Territorial Army was reconstituted in 1947, the Liverpool Irish reformed as 626 Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment. The Liverpool Irish reduced to "Q" battery, 470 (3rd West Lancashire) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, in 1950, and was further reduced to a troop in 1967. Individuals from 103 Regiment have been deployed on active operations in Northern Ireland, Bosnia, Kosovo, and Iraq[29]

  • Mention exclusive nature of the Liverpool Scottish: its "socially élite" composition, annual subscription, preodminantly middle-class, university.
  • World War I: Kaiser Bill, Third Ypres, Cambrai, Spring Ofennsive, Hundred Days. Projected number of paragraphs: 4/5.
  • World War II: Third paragraph; account of No. 2 Commando's activities

==Honorary positions== ===Colonel-in-Chief=== *[[George V of the United Kingdom|King George V]] ===Colonels-of-the-Regiment=== *[[3 June]] [[1860]] Major-General Eaton Monins, <ref>The London Gazette [[15 June]] [[1860]], p4</ref> *[[17 June]] [[1861]] General Thomas Gerrard Ball <ref>The London Gazette, 5 July 1861. p2</ref> *[[19 December]] [[1881]] General [[John Longfield]], CB <ref>10The London Gazette, [[10 January]] [[1882]]. p4</ref> *[[28 February]] [[1889]] General Lord Alexander George Russell, GCB *[[1 May]] [[1891]] General George William Powlett Bingham, CB <ref>The London Gazette, [[2 June]] [[1891]]</ref> *1899 Lieutenant-General Robert Stuart Baynes *1902 Lieutenant-General George Edward Baynes *1906 General Sir [[Edward Henry Clive]] *1916 General Sir William Henry Mackinson, GCB, KCVO *1923 General Sir Charles Harington Harington, GCB, GBE, DSO, DCL *1940 Major-General Clifton Edward Rawdon Grant Alban, CBE, DSO *1947 General Sir [[Alfred Dudley Ward]], GCB, KBE, DSO *1957 Brigadier Richard Nicolas Murray Jones, CBE ==Active personnel== ===Commanding officers=== 5TH//8TH kING'S lt cOL Ian Paterson 1980? lt col Christopher Woodhouse 1985? lT COL Roger Haslop 1988 Colonel Martin Amlót, OBE, DL 1990-92 King's and Cheshire Regiment LT Col David Richardson, MBE 1999 LT Col Peter Rafferty, MBE 2006? '''1st Battalion''' NEHEMIAH DONNELLAN *James Wolfe Lieutenant-Colonel [[Gordon Drummond]] 1794- ROBERT YOUNG *LT Col (general) Cathcart 1826-1836 verified *<unknown> A. CUNNINGHAM ROBERTSON *Lieutenant-Colonel Lieutenant-Colonel Charles St. Lo Malet 1842-1845 25 October 1842. Page 9 *Lieutenant-Colonel Richard Henry Winchcombe Hartley 1845- 16 December 1845. Page 7 *LT COL (General) John Longfield, CB 1846 *<unkown> *Colonel Richard Hartley ?-1857 *LT COL Edward Greathred 1857-? John Rüssel, *<unkown> *<unkown> *Lieutenant-Colonel Tanner, CB *lIUETNENA-TCOlonel R.G.H. Taylor *Lieutenant-Colonel Dawson 1889-post 91 *<unkown> *LT COL Llewellyn S. Mellor 1899- verified *<unkown> 1881? Lieutenant-Colonel George Henry Cochrane *Lieutenant-Colonel William Stirling Bannatyne -1914 (KIA) verified *Lieutenant-Colonel Beresford Cecil Molyneux Carter November 1914-March 1915 (wounded) *Lieutenant-Colonel Potter -March 1916 *Temporary Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Edward Goff ?-1916 (killed in action) *lt col David Murray Murray-Lyon, DSO, MC November 1917-April 1918 verified *(Temporary) Major W. C. Smith April 1918-30 April 1918 verified *Lieutenant-Colonel D. M. King 30 April 1918-1919 verified *LT Col Jones 1920? *Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Hudson, CMG, DSO 1921?-1923 6 April 1923. Page 12 *Lieutenant-Colonel D.M.A. Sole, DSO ?-1936 *Lieutenant-Colonel Clifton Edward Rawdon Grant Alban 1936-1939 verified Lt COL G. Astell 1945 http://www.geocities.com/pentagon/barracks/5630/co15para.html *?Lt COL Terence Brandham Hastings Otway 1945 LT COL G. Lea, DSO 45-46 *Lieutenant-Colonel K.S Binney -1947? *Lieutenant-Colonel Sam Hannaford 1951? *Lieutenant-Colonel Archie J. Snodgrass November 1952-? *?Lt COL J. A. de V. Reynolds, DSO 1956-1957 63576 Lt COL Paul Simm 1982? ?LT COL Nick Hepworth 1982? LT COL Jeremy Gaskell -1987 LT Col Malcolm Anthony Grant Haworth 1987-1989 480313 LT COL Graeme McDonald 1989-1991? Lieutenant-Colonel Robin Hodges 1991?2?-1994 LT Cliver Hodges 1994-? LT Colonel Christopher Owen 1997? lt col Bob Barnes 2000? Lt COL Ciaran Munchin Griffin, obe 2003 2004? Liuetneant-Colonel (later general) Sir Duncan Alexander Cameron, GCB *Lieutenant-Colonel Percy Schletter, CB *Lieutenant-Colonel Horatio J. Evans '''2nd Battalion''' Lieutenant-Colonel Forster Longfield 1881? *Lieutenant-Colonel A.A. Le MESURIER, 1885 Lieutenant-Colonel O'Donnel Colley Grattan, DSO 1900? *Lieutenant-Colonel E.H. Clive, 1901? *Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur W.H. Tripp 1904 *Lieutenant-Colonel J. A. Garnon=Williams 1944? *LT COL W. H. Robins 45? '''3rd Battalion''' Lieutenant-Colonel (+ Hoo) Nicolas Blundell, esq 1881 26 July 1881. Page 4 lIEUTENANT-cOLONEL Charles Sutton Garaoway 1880s? LT Walter George Raleigh Chichester-Constable Lt COL J. Mount-Batten -ca 1901 '''4th Battalion''' Lieutenant-Colonel (+ Hoo) Nicolas Blundell, esq 1881 26 July 1881. Page 4 *27 July 1881 Lieutenant-Colonel Richard George Bomford Bolton 26 July 1881. Page 4 '''5th King's''' *1859 Captain-Commandant (later Lt Col) Nathaniel George Philip Bousfield, The London Gazette, 8 June 1860. p3 *Captain Charles Edward Crosbie?, The London Gazette, 12 June 1860. p18 *Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Frederick Smith 1890s? *LT Col Arthur Hill Holme 1880s? *lt cOL S. C. S. Cohen *Lieutenant-Colonel Edward John Stanley, The Lord Stanley (1947?) 74155 Honorary Colonel E.H, Earl of Derby 1/5th King's *Lieutenant-Colonel J.M. McMaster pre-1914-? *Lieutenant-Colonel Stanley S.G. Cohen *Lieutenant-Colonel J.J. Shute, CMG, DSO, TD *Lieutenant-Colonel A. Buckley *Lieutenant-Colonel J.J. Shute, CMG, DSO, TD *Lieutenant-Colonel H.G. Keet, DSO, MC -1921? 2/5th King's''' *Lieutenant-Colonel J. Stanley-Cohen ?-1917 6th (Rifle) Battalion Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Edward Crosbie Lieutenant-Colonel Castle Spencely *1860s Hon Colonel T. S. Gladstone *1882-1903 vacant *General Sir Charles jOHN Burnett, kcb, KCVO (HON COL) 1910 *lt col (HON COL E. j. Harrison LT Col Eustace Harrison 1916 *Lieutenant-Colonel S.T.J. Perry, MC, TD ~1936 *Lieutenant-Colonel W. H. Hand 1901-? *LT COL and HON Col George Adshead Wilson (1908- *1859 Captain-Commandant (later LT COL) Adam Stuart Gladstone, The London Gazette 8 June 1860. p3 Lieutenant-Colonel H.D. Spencely, TD 1914 1/6th Lieutenant-Colonel E.J. Harrison Lieutenant-Colonel R. Wainwright, TD Lieutenant-Colonel J.B. McKaig, DSO -1921 2/6th *LT COL W.A.L. Fletcher -July 1917 *Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. N.C. Gathorne July 1917- 7TH kING'S *Lieutenant-Colonel Stephen Frederick Pilkington *lt cOL Thomas Thornycroft Vernon 1919? *Lieutenant-Colonel H. Wright (1939 *~1921 Lieutenant-Colonel Paul Henry Hemelryk 26 April 1921. Page 6 *Lieutenant-Colonel H. Wright, TD 6 January 1939. p8 1/7th King's *March 1915 Lieutenant-Colonel W.H. Stott Lieutenant-Colonel S.C. Marriott Lieutenant-Colonel C.K. Potter, DSO, MC 2/7th King's *Lieutenant-Colonel Slater (sick August 1917) *Major J. Burnie (temporary) *Major Stafford (temporary) *Lieutenant-Colonel C.S. Baines 1917-? 8th (Irish) *Captain-Commandant James Gunning Plunkett 1860-61<ref>The London Gazette, [[4 December]] [[1860]], p3</ref>The London Gazette, [[15 March]] [[1861]].p3 </ref> *Captain-Commandant (later Lieutenant-Colonel) Peter Silvester Bidwill 1861-1883 22 March 1861. Page 3 6 July 1883. Page 6 *Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Joseph Gillow 1884-1885 19 September 1884. Page 4 19 June 1885. Page 6 *Lieutenant-Colonel William Walker 1885-1887 2 October 1885. Page 4 9 December 1887. Page 13 *Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Walker 1887(8)? <ref>The London Gazette, [[6 January]] [[1888]], p11</ref> *Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Carruthers 1898- 2 September 1898. Page 3 *[[21 March]] [[1921]] Lieutenant-Colonel James Joseph O'Hea <ref>The London Gazette, 26 April 1921, p6</ref> *Lieutenant-Colonel E.M. Murphy August 1939-1940 *Lieutenant-Colonel W.H. Hynes 1940-1942 *Lieutenant-Colonel K.S. Binny May 1942 *Lieutenant-Colonel W.J. Humphrey, OBE, MC 1943-1944 5314 *Lieutenant-Colonel James Graeme Bryson 1952-1956 Honorary Colonel: Lieutenant-Colonel P.S. Bidwell [[30 July]] [[1887]]. p8 *Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Carruthers -1900 *Lieutenant-Colonel M. E. Byrne *Honorary Colonel Valentine Charles, The Earl of Kenmare (1908- *Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Taylor *LT Col Balfour 1916 1/8th *Lieutenant-Colonel J.A. Cooney ?-1914 *Lieutenant-Colonel J.A. Campbell-Johnson 1914-November 1915 *Lieutenant-Colonel E.A. Fagan November 1915- *Major H. Leech 1916 (KIA 1917) *Lieutenant-Colonel G.C. Heath, DSO *2/8th Irish *Lt Col Baines 1917? *9th Battalion *Lieutenant-Colonel Charles E. Hamilton -1881 6 December 1881. P24 *Lieutenant-Colonel Charles A. Whitney 1892? *Lieutenant-Colonel J.L. Wood -1898? 20 December 1898. p4 *Lieutenant (+Hon)-Colonel Alfred Isaac Watts -1899? 1 August 1899. P1 *Lieutenant-Colonel L. Watts *Honorary Colonel George McCorquodale 1892? *Honorary Colonel William Hall Walker (1908- *Lieuenant-Colonel Samuel Henry Perry *Lieutenant-Colonel Lord H. C. Seymour, DSO 1918? *Lieutenant-Colonel H. K. S. Woodhouse Lieutenant-Colonel S.C. Ball 1/9th King's *Lieutenant-Colonel F.W. Ramsay, CMG DSO *Lieutenant-Colonel C.G. Bradley *Major H.K.S. Woodhouse, DSO *Lieutenant-Colonel F. W. M. Drew, DSO -June 1918 *10th Scottish *LT COL C. Forbes Bell 1900-? *Lieutenant Colonel and Honorary Colonel Andrew Laurie Macfie (1908- *LT Col Arthur Akexabder Gemmell, MC (192? 193? Lieutenant-Colonel W. Nicholl 1/10th *Lieutenant-Colonel J.R. Davidson, CMG *Lieutenant-Colonel F.W.M. Drew, DSO *Lieutenant-Colonel J.L.A. Macdonald, DSO *Lieutenant-Colonel D. C. D. Munro, DSO, MC, DCM 11th King's *August 1914-December 1915? Lieutenant-Colonel V.T. Bailey (wounded) *Temproary Major Ogle Honorary Colonel Lord Kitchener <ref>Wyrall, p161</ref> *13th King's *Lieutenant-Colonel A. St. H. Gibbons 1914- *Lieutenant-Colonel T.B. Lawrence 1917? 13th Battalion *LT COL S. A. Cooke 14th King's *Lieutenant-Colonel W. J. 1914?-July 1917 *Lieutenant-Colonel F. Call July 1917-October *Lieutenant-Colonel G.M. Bond October 1917- *17th Battalion *LT Col The Lord F. C. Stanley 18th Battalion * [[Edward Henry Trotter]] 1914-16 LT COL William Richard Pinwill -1918 19th Battalion *lt cOL G. Rollo 1916-18? 20th Battalion [[Johnny Douglas|J.W.H.T Douglas]] -1918 25th Battalion *LT Col G. H. M. Richey 1919-1920 2nd Garrison Battalion *Lieutenant-Colonel J.S. Melville 1917? *Lieutenant-Colonel G. Ward November 1917 Unkown *lt col Arthur W. H. Tripp -1908 succeeded by G. P. Glynn, CMG *LT COL Horatio J. Eva -1908 SUCCEDED BY Louis St. C. Nicholson who was possible succeeded by Lieutenant-Colonel Charles John Steavenson, CMG *Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Hyde Bales 64135 *LT COL Percy Hudson, DSO *lt cOL John Malcolm Harvey *LT Col R. H. Haseldine, DSO, OBE *Lieutenant-Colonel John Steavenson, CMG *LT Col Harold Alfred Denham, OBE *COL George Stanley Brighten, DSO *lt col hENRY Edward Hazlehurst 60952 1945 *LT COL Harold Farnell Watson *LT COL J. J. Burke-Gaffney LT COL Edward Metcalfe Beau, CMG, DSO Possible COS LT COL g. r. stone 1ST? lt cOL s. h. harrison belfast *Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Tanner CB 1870s? *Lieutenant-Colonel G.L. Oliver *Lieutenant-Colonel D.M. King, DSO, MC 8th King's Regiment of Foot *Major-General John Hinde, CB *Colonel Arent Schuyler de Peyster *LT COL *John Brock *Isaac Brock *James Wikfe Colonel Francis Moore Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Young General Samuel Huskisson Major-General Daniel Hoghton George Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan http://72.14.221.104/search?q=cache:HPNQaMw9bzgJ:www.victorianweb.org/history/crimea/lucanbio.html+%228TH+fOOT%22+Battle&hl=en&gl=uk&ct=clnk&cd=32&client=firefox-a late 1900s: *James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick http://72.14.221.104/search?q=cache:Gy74CeMMt74J:www.1911encyclopedia.org/James_Fitzjames,_Duke_Of_Berwick+%228TH+fOOT%22+Battle&hl=en&gl=uk&ct=clnk&cd=35&client=firefox-a *Sir Thomas L.H. Roberts, Bt Lieutenant-Colonel Mafon Bolton pre-1790 *Colonel R. W. Barnes, MBE 518109 Same battalion: *LT COL W. B. Moorhead 8679 *succeeded by Major C. P. Moore, mc October 1943-46? 13729 *sUCCEEDED by Major Eric Louis Bols, CB , DSO 28047 Same battalion: *LT COL g. w. Miller, DSO, MC 10716 *succeeded by T. E. Chad 11800, MC jANUARY 1942 SAD Kingsmen *Private James A. Anderson, 12th Battalion, 12 September 1916, "cowardice" *Private Joseph Brennan, 1/8th Battalion 16 July 1916, for "desertion" *Private John McFarlane, 4th Battalion 22nd May 1918, for "desertion" *Private Bernard McGEEHAN, 1/8th King's , 2nd November 1916, "for desertion" *Private James C. Smith, 17th Pals, for "desertion and disobedience", 5 September 1917 *Private James Joseph Tongue, 1st Battalion 8th January 1917, for "desertion" [http://72.14.221.104/search?q=cache:kDoTyCFjjZ0J:www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199899/cmhansrd/vo990204/text/90204w10.htm+%22LiverpooL+Regiment%22+executed&hl=en&gl=uk&ct=clnk&cd=1&client=firefox-a] ===Victoria Cross recipients=== ==Others== *Major-General Eric Louis Bols *[[Cuthbert Bromley]], a recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]]<ref>[http://www.lancs-fusiliers.co.uk/gallerynew/WW1/Gallopoli%20ww1/gallipoli.htm 1st Bn, The Lancashire Fusiliers - Gallipoli], <u>lancs-fusiliers.co.uk</u></ref> *Daniel Marcus William Beak, Major-General and Victoria Cross recipient, The Victoria Cross at Sea - Page 173 *[[Matt Busby]], Footballer and manager <ref>[http://www.liverpoolfc.tv/team/past_players/players/busby/ Past player profile: Matt Busby], <u>.liverpoolfc.tv/</u></ref> *Norman Lace Corkhill, nutrionist and zoologist, King's R 1915-19 *[[James Connolly]], Irish revolutionary and [[socialist]] leader *[[Dixie Dean]], footballer Keith , Dixie Dean: The Inside Story of a Football Icon, p188 *William Alfred DIMOLINE, Major-General http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search2?coll_id=418&inst_id=21 *Josepth (Joe) Dines, Olympic gold medallist and footballer *[[James Fitzmaurice (pilot)|James Fitzmaurice]], Irish pilot *John Joseph Burke-Gaffney, King's and author of regimental history *[[Baron of Budaq|Igino, 7th Baron of Budaq]], a [[Maltese nobility|Maltese noble]] *[[John Abbott King]], Rugby international for England Giblin (2000), p249 [http://statistics.scrum.com/rugby_stats_05.asp?ID=EKI4] *[[Trafford Leigh-Mallory]], [[Air Marshal]] in the [[Royal Air Force]] *John Smith MacConnachie, Hibernians, Everton F.C., and Swindon Town footballer *Lieutenant-Colonel [[Alexander Fleetwood Pinhey]], KCSI CIE lt in regiment 1882, later politician in India *[[Basil Rathbone]], actor *[[Charles G.D. Roberts]], 16th King's Canadian poet and writer [http://66.249.93.104/search?q=cache:7mCmPRXxhaAJ:rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poet/278.html+%22King%27s+regiment%22+pRESIDENTIAL&hl=en&gl=uk&ct=clnk&cd=39&client=firefox-a] *Lancelot Andrew Neil Slocock, rugby international for England Giblin (2000), p249 [http://statistics.scrum.com/rugby_stats_05.asp?ID=ESL3] *Sydney Smith, professional high diver Giblin, p240 *[[Alfred James Teare]], [[politician]] and [[Justice of the Peace]] and Member of the House of Keys]]<ref>[http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/people/ww1925.htm The Manx "Who's Who" for 1925], <u>isle-of-man.com</u></ref> ,Edward Maxwell Morrison, commander of "A" Company, Liverpool Irish, on D-Day 92020 *[[James Wolfe]], a [[British Army]] general ==Notes== <div class="references-small"> <reference On [[21 March]] [[1918]], an expected [[Spring Offensive|German offensive]] commenced. The offensive lasting until it exhausted itself in July. An intense prelimniary bombardment preceeded a 58-76 division attack along the front in the [[Somme]] area.<ref>[http://www.1914-1918.net/bat22.htm The First Battles of the Somme, 1918], <u>1914-1918.net</u></ref> South of [[First Battle of the Somme (1918)|St. Quentin]], two companies of the 11th King's suffered heavily while on the front.<ref>Wyrall, p618</ref> Before a chaotic fighting retreat of the [[British Fifth Army]] began, the 18th King's conducted a counter-attack on [[22 March]]. The original first-line trench was recovered, but determined German counter-attacks eventually overcame the battalion. Much of the 18th became encircled and taken prisoner, including Lieutenant-Colonel Peck.<ref>Maddocks (1991), p184-186</ref> With the offensive in the Somme area abandoned, a renewed offensive was directed against the Allies on [[28 March]], in the [[Arras]] sector. General [[Douglas Haig|Haig]] issued his "Backs to the Wall" communique on [[11 April]] http://www.westernfront.co.uk/thegreatwar/articles/timeline/sommeoff.htm The Allies initiated their counter-offensive on [[8 August]], beginning a period known as the [[Hundred Days Offensive|"Hundred Days"]]. [[Lille]] was liberated on [[17 October]] by the 171st (2nd Liverpool) Brigade.<ref>Wyrall, p690</ref> On [[8 November]], three-days before the Armistice, the 18th Battalion was directed to attack German positions near [[Marbaix]]. In the battalion's final engagement of the war, 15 were killed and three mortally wounded.<ref>Maddocks (1991), p194</ref> In the 18th King's final engagement of the war, near [[Marbaix]] on [[8 November]], the battalion losses were 15 killed and three mortally wounded.<ref>Maddocks (1991), p194</ref> Nos 7 and 8 Columns proceeded to their objectives, blowing up? <ref>Mileham (2000), p</ref> Eventually realising the extent of the Allied incursion, the Japanese concenrated large forces to pursue the Chindits. ref By [[6 March]], the Chindits had destroyed railway lines, bridges, and roads between Mandalay and Myitkyina. ref Mileham> The Chindits exited the jungle and crossed the Irrawaddy River; in doing so, the Chindits exceeded their supply range and became encircled by the Japanese. Starved and exhausted, the Chindits began to withdraw en masse on [[24 March]], the columns dispersed to reduce the risk of capture. '''REF'''Those wounded were left behind. Of 2,182 men who returned from the original strength of 3,000, 600 were deemed fit for duty. '''REF''' Though its importance was limited strategically, the operation boosted morale in a theatre where the British had experienced a number of demoralising defeats sinace Japan's entrance into the war. <ref> John N Bradley (2002), The Second World War: Asia and the Pacific, P216J effreys, The British Army in The Far East 1941-45: The Far East 1941-45 (2005), p27</ref> A second Chindit operation began in 1944. Codenamed Thursday, the operation was conducted during the Japanese offensive against North-East India. The depleted 13th King's was replaced by the 1st Battalion, which was allocated to Brigadier [[Michael Calvert]]'s 77th Brigade. Capture of [[Mogaung]]. All Chindits withdrew from Burma by late August 1944. The 1st King's subsequently converted to the [[parachute]] role an the '''15th (The King's) Parachute Battalion''', subordinated to the 77th Parachute Brigade, [[44th Indian Airborne Division]].<ref>Ferguson (1984), ''The Paras 1940-1984: British Aiborne Forces, 1940-1984'', p34</ref> To faciliate this, Lieutenant-Colonel [[Terence Otway]], a paratrooper who landed in France on [[6 June]] 1944, was briefly assigned to the battalion as its [[commanding officer]].<ref>[http://www.ornebridgehead.org/terence_otway.htm Lieutenant-Colonel Terence Brandram Hastings Otway], <u>ornebridgehead.org</u></ref> http://www.chindits.info/Longcloth/Main.htm http://72.14.221.104/search?q=cache:iX4NKwU2xEwJ :www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/download/csipubs/historic/hist_c1_pt1.pdf+%22lIVERPOOL+rEGIMENT%22+bURMA&hl=en&gl ==Traditions== [[Image:E Company Liverpool Scottish HU 57197.jpg|220px|thumb|"E" Company of the 10th (Scottish) Battalion. (September 1914)]] Royal status and the regiment's [[cap badge]], the [[White Horse]] of [[House of Hanover|Hanover]], were conferred upon the 8th Foot by King George II for its conduct at Dunblane 1715. "Royal" status in 1745 and was entitled to have [[blue]] [[facings]], to denote its status.. In addition to its regimental marches, the 2nd Battalion adopted a traditional [[Pashtun]] marching song, "Zachmhi Dhil". The motto of the regiment was ''Nec Aspera Terrent'', the official motto of the [[House of Hanover]] that was granted to the regiment in 1716. Though the official translataion is Nor Do Difficulties Deter, the King's Regiment and others adopted an alternative variation, "Difficulties be Damned". REF The motto was inherited by the regiment's successor, and is now the motto of the Duke of Lancaster's Regiment. REF Underneath the horse was a scroll containing the regiment's title, in [[Old English]] script.'''REF''' needed Largely symbolic regimental and battalion positions - [[Colonel-in-Chief]], [[Colonel-in-Chief|Colonel of the Regiment]], and [[Colonel|Honorary Colonel]] - were commonly held by royals, politicians, and senior officers. The latter two positions were predominantly held by senior officers associated with a particular unit. For instance, General Charles Harington Harington, who held the position of Colonl of the Regiment ? to ?, served in the King's for almost 14 years. The regiment's territorial battalions originated in the volunteer movement of the late 1850s. Disinticve identities developyed by each "rifle volunteer corps" were generally retained when they became battalions of regular regiments. Liverpool's [[Irish people|Irish]] and [[Scottish people|Scottish]] communties formed their own battalions, with [[caubeen]] and [[glengarry]] headdresses, kilts, and pipes. Uniforms and cap badges were the principal diverging features of a battalion; the 5th possessed ; the uniform of the Liverpoool Scottish included a [[bonnet]] and Forbes [[kilt]]; the Liverpool Irish donned the caubeen headress, while its pipe band wore saffron kilts and green shawls.<ref>Fitzsimons, p14</ref>

General Sir Charles Harington Harington, GCB, GBE, DSO, DCL (31 May 1872-22 October 1940), was a British Army officer most noted for his service during the First World War and Chanak crisis. During his 46-years in the British Army, Harington served in the Second Boer War, held various staff positions during the First World War, became Deputy Chief of the General Staff, commanded the occupation forces in the Black Sea and Turkey]], and ultimately became Governor of Gibraltar in 1933.

Harington's original surname of "Poë" was changed when he was four-years-old. His father had adopted the maiden name of Charles' grandmother, thus resulting in the double "Harrington".[30] While sailing to Aden as a second-lieutenant, Harington became informally known as "Tim". Fellow officers from his battalion had learnt of the apprehension of then notorious Tim Harington, who had committed ?[31]

Throughout his career, Harington predominantly held staff positions, most prominently as Chief of Staff to Lord Plumer during the First World War. Plumer and Harington forged a close friendship, earning the respect of peers and soldiers alike during the war. In addition to his own memoirs, Harington authored the bigraphy, 'Plumer of Messines, in 1935.

Early and personal life[edit]

Harington was born at Oaklands, Chichester, and educated at Gresson's School and Cheltenham College.[32] In 1904, at Limerick Cathedral, Harrington married the daughter of Brigadier-General O'Donnel Colley Gratten.

A sport enthusiast, Harington was an active swimmer, cricketer, racqueteer, and ?. He established the Army Sports Control Board in 1918 and served as president of numerous army sporting organisations.[33]

Military service[edit]

After attending Sandhurst, Harington commissioned into the 2nd Battalion, King's (Liverpool Regiment) in January 1892. He joined the battalion in Aden and was appointed its adjutant in 1897.[34][35] While seconded during the Second Boer War, Harington was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and described in a despatch as being "an officer of first-rate ability, business capacity and tact".[36]

He was appointed commanding officer of Gentleman Cadets, Sandhurst in 1903. In 1908, Harington transferred to the War Office and Army HQ, where he remained until 1911. At the beginning of the First World War, Harington commanded a company in the 1st King's, based at Aldershot.[37]

He was promoted to brigadier-general and appointed C-in-C, Aldershot Command.

Throughout the 1920s, Harington held various positions in Turkey and India. He firstly took command of the Army of the Black Sea in 1920 and, in 1922, the Army of Occupation in Turkey, which had its headquarters in Constantinople. Harington was instrumental in averting a war between Britain and Turkey during the Chanak crisis in 1922. He remained in command of the occupation force until its withdrawal in .

he ceremony in itself was extremely spectacular and characterized by friendliness. Detachments of British, French, Italian and Turkish troops marched into the big square opposite the Dolma Bagtche Palace amid tumultuous cheers from the populace. The Allies saluted the Turkish flag and the Turks saluted the Allies' flags. The appearance of General Harington, Allied Generalissimo, who, more than any other man, is responsible for having maintained the peace under the most difficult of circumstances, was a signal for a prodigious outburst of enthusiasm from the Turks. When he saluted the Turkish flag and gripped the hand of Salah-Ed-Din Adil Pasha, Military Governor of Constantinople, the crowd broke through the cordon of police and followed the departing Allies to the quay. There was a farewell luncheon party on board the transport Arabic; then the Allies were gone. Later, Turkish troops marched triumphantly into the late capital through streets gay with Turkish flags and strewn with flowers. Religious rites were also solemnized. Turkey belongs to Turkey.

Along with his former commander, Plumer, Harington attended the unveiling of the Menin Gate in 1927. Harington authored two books, Plumer of Messines (1935) and Tim Harington Looks Back (1940).

He was promoted to general in 1927. His final appointment Aldershot Command and ADC-General to the King

last appointment was as Governor and Commander-in-Chief Gibraltar in 1930.

aWARDED THE CROIX DE GUERRE 9, 24, 181, 208, 236 Harington maintained formal connections with the British Army through the honorary positions of The King's Regiment, Colonel-Commandant of the Army Educational Corps, and Colonel of the 7th Battalion, King's Regiment and 4th Battalion, 15th Punjab Regiment.

Gibraltar and later life[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ 103 Regiment Mission Statement,army.mod.uk/. Accessed 10 October 2006
  2. ^ Mileham (2000), p54
  3. ^ The London Gazette, 16 November 1860, p4.
  4. ^ The London Gazette, 15 November 1864. p5
  5. ^ Beckett (1982), Riflemen Form: A Study of the Rifle Volunteer Movement, 1859-1908, p273
  6. ^ McCartney, Citizen Soldiers: The Liverpool Territorials in the First World War, p184
  7. ^ Mileham (2000), p63
  8. ^ Harris (1989), p265
  9. ^ Richards (1910), His Majesty's Territorial Army, p137
  10. ^ Middlebrook (2000), Your Country Needs You!: Expansion of the British Army Infantry Divisions 1914-1918, p115
  11. ^ Mileham (2000), p96
  12. ^ a b Wyrall (2000), p154
  13. ^ Coop (1919/2001), p26
  14. ^ Coop (1919/2001), p30
  15. ^ a b Wyrall (2000), p304-305
  16. ^ Wyrall (2000), p692
  17. ^ Wyrall (2000), p700
  18. ^ Coop (1919/2001), p182. Figures are approximate.
  19. ^ House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 4 February 1999, publications.parliament.uk. Accessed 10 October 2006
  20. ^ Fitzsimons, p12
  21. ^ Colonel Murphy, a chemist who had served with the Liverpool Irish during the First World War, was killed in 1941, during the Liverpool Blitz. CWGC entry.
  22. ^ Fitzsimmons (2004), p44
  23. ^ Neillands (2004), D-Day 1944: Voices from Normandy, p236
  24. ^ Fitzsimons (2004), p49
  25. ^ Mileham (2000), p165
  26. ^ Fitzsimons (2004), p65
  27. ^ Fitzsimons (2004), p68
  28. ^ Mileham (2000), p
  29. ^ Historical - 103 Regiment, army.mod.uk. Accessed 23 April 2007.
  30. ^ Harington (1940, p1-2
  31. ^ Harington (1940), p
  32. ^ Harington (1940, p2
  33. ^ Harington (1940), p237
  34. ^ The London Gazette, 8 January 1892, p2
  35. ^ The London Gazette, 1897, p2
  36. ^ The London Gazette, 8 February 1901, p142
  37. ^ Wyrall (2002), p

References[edit]

External links last verified on 12 October 2006.

Inauguration], greatwar.co.uk

Preceded by
Sir Robert Dundas Whigham
 Deputy Chief of the Imperial General Staff
1918–1920 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Governor of Gibraltar
1933–1938 		Succeeded by

Colonel Bidwell and battalion frequently accussed of Republican sympathies. Max Maxwell reputed to have been the first man ashore at Juno Beach. he reputation the battalion acquired by virtue of its Irish identity was reflected in Lord Derby's judgement of the battalion. In a letter written to Lieutenant-General George MacDonogh after the First World War, Lord Derby described the battalion as "unsatisfactory...very insubordinate".[1] Disciplinary problems were associated with the Liverpool Irish during peacetime


  1. ^ McCartney, Citizen Soldiers: The Liverpool Territorials in the First World War, p184
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