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Mongolian People's Republic

Mongolian People's Republic Бүгд Найрамдах Монгол Ард Улс Bügd Nairamdakh Mongol Ard Uls
1924–1992
Flag (1945–1992) Emblem (1960–1992)
Motto: Орон бүрийн пролетари нар нэгдэгтүн! (Oron bürijn proletari nar negdegtün!) «Workers of the world, unite!»
Anthem: Монгол Интернационал (Mongol Intyernasional) «Mongol International» (1924-1950) Бүгд Найрамдах Монгол Ард Улсын сүлд дуулал (Bugd Nairamdah Mongol Ard Ulsiin süld duulal) «State Anthem of the Mongolian People's Republic» (1950-1991)
Location of the Mongolian People's Republic during the Cold War.
Status	Unrecognized state (1924-1946) Satellite state of the Soviet Union (1924-1991)
Capital and largest city	Ulaanbaatar
Official languages	Mongolian
Religion	Atheism (dominant following), Tibetan Buddhism (state religion until 1926, Mongolian shamanism, Christianity, Islam
Demonym(s)	Mongol, Mongolian
Government	Unitary one-party socialist republic under a totalitarian dictatorship (1924–1927) Unitary Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist republic (1927–1990) under a totalitarian dictatorship (1927–1953) Unitary semi-presidential republic (1990–1992)
General Secretary
• 1924–1928 (first)	Tseren-Ochiryn Dambadorj
• 1958–1984 (longest)	Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal
• 1991–1992 (last)	Büdragchaagiin Dash-Yondon
Head of State
• 1924 (first)	Navaandorjiin Jadambaa
• 1954–1972 (longest)	Jamsrangiin Sambuu
• 1990–1992 (last)	Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat
Head of Government
• 1924–1928 (first)	Balingiin Tserendorj
• 1952–1974 (longest)	Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal
• 1990–1992 (last)	Dashiin Byambasüren
Historical era	Interwar period, World War II, Cold War
• Proclamation	26 November 1924
• Independence referendum	20 October 1945
• Independence recognized by Republic of China	5 January 1946
• Admitted to United Nations	25 October 1961
• First democratic elections	29 June 1990
• Socialist state abolished	12 February 1992
Area
• Total	1,564,116 km2 (603,909 sq mi)
Population
• 1992 estimate	2,318,000
HDI (1992)	0.560 medium
Currency	Tögrög (MNT)
Time zone	UTC+7/+8
• Summer (DST)	UTC+8/+9
Date format	yyyy.mm.dd (CE)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+976
ISO 3166 code	MN
Preceded by Succeeded by Bogd Khanate of Mongolia Mongolia
Today part of	Mongolia

Iraqi Republic (1958-1968)

Iraqi Republic الجمهورية العراقية al-Jumhūrīyah al-'Irāqīyah
1958–1968
Flag (1963–1968) Emblem (1959–1965)
Anthem: موطني (Mawtini) «My Country» (1958-1965) والله زمان يا سلاحي‎ (Walla Zaman Ya Selahy) «It has been a long time, oh my weapon!» (1965-1968)
Capital and largest city	Baghdad
Common languages	Arabic, Kurdish
Religion	Islam, Christianity, Zoroastrianism, Yazdanism
Government	Unitary socialist republic (1958–1964) under a military junta (1958–1963) under a military dictatorship (1963–1964) Unitary one-party socialist republic under a military dictatorship (1964–1968)
President
• 1958–1963	Muhammad Najib
• 1963–1966	Abdul Salam Arif
• 1966–1968	Abdul Rahman Arif
Vice President
• 1963–1964	Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
Prime Minister
• 1958–1963 (first)	Abd al-Karim Qasim
• 1967–1968 (last)	Tahir Yahya
Legislature	Revolutionary Command Council
Historical era	Cold War
• 14 July Revolution	July 14, 1958
• Ramadan Revolution	February 8–10, 1963
• Assassination of Qasim	February 9, 1963
• Counter-coup	November 13–18, 1963
• 17 July Revolution	July 17, 1968
Area
1968	438,317 km2 (169,235 sq mi)
Population
• 1968	9,367,100
Currency	Iraqi dinar (IQD)
Preceded by Succeeded by Kingdom of Iraq Arab Federation Ba'athist Iraq
Today part of	Iraq

Yemen Arab Republic

Yemen Arab Republic الجمهورية العربية اليمنية al-Jumhūrīyah al-‘Arabīyah al-Yamanīyah
1962–1990
Flag (1962–1990) Coat of arms (1962–1966)
Anthem: Peace To The Land (1962-1978) A Nation’s Will (1978-1990)
Capital	Sanaʽa
Official languages	Arabic
Religion	Islam, Zaidi, Shia, Sunni
Government	Unitary parliamentary Islamic republic (1962–1982) under a military junta (1962–1967) under a military dictatorship (1974–1982) Unitary one-party parliamentary Islamic republic under a military dictatorship (1982–1990)
President
• 1962–1967 (first)	Abdullah as-Sallal
• 1978–1990 (last)	Ali Abdullah Saleh
Prime Minister
• 1962–1963 (first)	Abdullah as-Sallal
• 1983–1990 (last)	Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani
Historical era	Cold War
• 26 September Revolution	26 September 1962
• Unification	22 May 1990
Currency	North Yemeni rial
Time zone	UTC+3
Calling code	967
Preceded by Succeeded by Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen Yemen
Today part of	Yemen

Nationalist government (China)

Republic of China 中華民國 Zhōnghuá Mínguó
1925–1949
Flag (1928–1949) National Emblem (1928–1949)
Anthem: 卿雲歌 (Qīng Yún Gē) «Song to the Auspicious Cloud» (1925–1928) 中華民國國歌 (Zhōnghuá Mínguó guógē) «National Anthem of the Republic of China» (1930–1949) Flag anthem: 中華民國國旗歌 (Zhōnghuá Míngúo Gúoqígē) «National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China» (1937–1949)
National seal (1929–1949)
Location of the ROC during the Interwar Period, World War II, and the Cold War.
Capital	Guangzhou (1925-1927; 1949) Wuhan (1927; 1937-1938) Nanking (1927-1937; 1946-1949) Chongqing (1949) Chengtu (1949)
Capital-in-exile	Chongqing (1937-1946)
Largest city	Shanghai
Official languages	Chinese Tibetan Chagatai/Uighur Manchu Mongolian and other languages
Government	One-party provisional government (1925–1928) Unitary one-party republic under a authoritarian military dictatorship (1928–1947) Unitary one-party parliamentary constitutional republic under a authoritarian military dictatorship (1947–1949)
Chairman
• 1928	Tan Yankai
• 1928–1931	Chiang Kai-shek
• 1931–1943	Lin Sen
• 1943–1949	Chiang Kai-shek
• 1949	Li Zongren
Premier
• 1928–1930 (first)	Tan Yankai
• 1949 (last)	Yan Xishan
Historical era	Interwar Period, World War II, Cold War
• Established	July 1, 1925
• Northern Expedition	1926–1928
• Reset in Nanking	April 18, 1927
• Chinese Civil War	1927–1936, 1946–1950
• Second Sino-Japanese War	July 7, 1937-September 2, 1945
• Admitted to the United Nations	October 24, 1945
• Retrocession of Taiwan and the Pescadores	October 25, 1945
• February 28 incident	February 28, 947
• Constitution adopted	December 25, 1947
• People's Republic	October 1, 1949
• Dissolution	December 7, 1949 1949
Currency	Chinese yuan Old Taiwan dollar (1946–1949 in Taiwan)
Preceded by Succeeded by Army and Navy Marshal stronghold of the Republic of China Beiyang government 1945: Japanese Taiwan Republic of China Republic of China on Taiwan and Fujian People's Republic of China

Wang Jingwei regime

Republic of China 中華民國 Zhōnghuá Mínguó Chūka Minkoku
1940–1945
Flag (1943–1945) National Emblem
Motto: 和平反共建國 (Hépíng fǎngòng jiànguó) «Peace, Anti-Communism, National Construction»
Anthem: 中華民國國歌 (Zhōnghuá Mínguó guógē) «National Anthem of the Republic of China»
The Wang Jingwei regime (dark red) and Menchiang (light red) within the Empire of Japan (pink) at its furthest extent
Status	Puppet state of the Empire of Japan
Capital	Nanking
Largest city	Shanghai
Official languages	Mandarin Japanese
Government	Unitary one-party republic under a authoritarian military dictatorship
President
• 1940–1944	Wang Jingwei
• 1944–1945	Chen Gongbo
Vice President
• 1940–1945	Zhou Fohai
Historical era	World War II
• Established	March 30, 1940
• Recognized by Japan	November 20, 1940
• Death of Wang Jingwei	November 10, 1944
• Surrender of Japan	August 15, 1945
• Dissolution	August 16, 1945
Preceded by Succeeded by Reformed Government of the Republic of China Provisional Government of the Republic of China Mengjiang United Autonomous Government Republic of China Soviet occupation of Manchuria
Today part of	China

People's Republic of China (1949–1976)

People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國 Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó
1949–1976
Flag National Emblem (1950–1976)
Anthem: 義勇軍進行曲 (Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ) «March of the Volunteers» 東方紅 (Dōngfāng Hóng) «The East Is Red» (1966–1969, de facto)
National Seal: 1949–1959
Land controlled by the People's Republic of China shown in dark green; land claimed but not controlled shown in light green.
Capital	Beijing
Largest city	Shanghai
Official languages	Standard Chinese
Recognised regional languages	Mongolian Uyghur Tibetan Zhuang various others
Official script	Traditional Chinese Simplified Chinese
Ethnic groups	See Ethnic groups in China
Religion	See Religion in China
Demonym(s)	Chinese
Government	Unitary Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist republic under a Maoist autocratic totalitarian dictatorship
General Secretary
• 1949–1976	Mao Zedong
Chairman
• 1949–1959	Mao Zedong
• 1959–1968	Liu Shaoqi
• 1968–1972	Soong Ching-ling
• 1972–1975	Dong Biwu
• 1975–1976	Zhu De
Premier
• 1949–1976	Zhou Enlai
• 1976	Hua Guofeng
Legislature	Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (1949-1954) National People's Congress (1954–1976)
Historical era	Cold War
• Proclamation	October 1, 1949
•  Conquest of Hainan Island	May, 1950
• Korean War	1950–1953
• Great Leap Forward	1958–1962
• Cultural Revolution	1966–1976
• Death of Mao Zedong	September 9, 1976
Area
• Total	9,596,961 km2 (3,705,407 sq mi)
Population
• 1950	554,419,273
• 1975	926,240,885
Currency	Renminbi (yuan; ¥) (CNY)
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard Time)
Date format	yyyy-mm-dd or yyyy年m月d日 (CE; CE-1949)
Calling code	+86
Preceded by Succeeded by Republic of China Communist-controlled China (1927–1949) Portuguese Macau People's Republic of China (1976–1989) Portuguese Macau (until 1999)