User:RoySmith/test
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Legality of bestiality by country or territory concerns the laws governing humans performing sex acts with non-human animals. Laws against humans performing sex acts on animals, where they exist, are concerned with the actual act, which it commonly refers to as bestiality, rather than the sexual attraction to animals. For this reason, prohibitions of zoophilic pornography are more varied; they may be unlawful if an actual sex act with an animal is involved, but the status is not clear-cut if there is a mere representation, such as a painting or cartoon. In that case, normal obscenity laws will normally apply. All zoophilic imagery is widely regarded as pornography.
Public opinion[edit]
According to a 2014 poll carried out by Gallup, 76% of Denmark supports banning bestiality.[1]
An April 2017 Yougov poll found 75% of the United Kingdom think bestiality should be illegal, 11% didn't think bestiality should be illegal, and 14% don't know.[2]
Political parties[edit]
On 21 April 2015, the Liberal Alliance was the only party in the Danish Folketing to oppose and vote against banning bestiality, while the Red-Green Alliance abstained. Liberal Alliance MP Joachim Olsen said about the bill: "Best case, this is a superficial law. Worst case, it is political populism and moralism".[3][4]
Organizations[edit]
Denmark's Animal Ethics Council opposed banning bestiality in Denmark in 2006 and 2015, saying existing laws which allow bestiality except in cases where the animal can be proved to have suffered were enough.[5][6]
Objectives[edit]
Laws on bestiality tend to be shaped by animal welfare concerns, moral views, and cultural beliefs. In many cultures, humans are seen as fundamentally different from other animals and having sex with animals is seen as defilement.[7]
One of the primary critiques of bestiality is that it is harmful to animals and necessarily abusive, because animals are unable to give or withhold consent.[8]
Background[edit]
International differences[edit]
Some jurisdictions list laws very clearly, such as England and Wales, which specifically prohibits penetration of a human being by the penis of an animal, and penetration of an animal by a human's penis.[9]
By contrast, many countries and US states are less precise about the scope of law in that they outlaw sex with animals, without defining what constitutes "sex".
Even if bestiality is not explicitly prohibited, there are often many other laws which can be used to effectively prosecute cases. For example, most countries have animal cruelty laws, and a prosecutor will argue that all zoophilia activity is animal abuse.[10] In some U.S. states, a person who engages in bestiality can be charged with animal cruelty.[11]
Prohibitions without specific bestiality statutes[edit]
Some countries have a range of laws on their books. Sometimes sodomy laws or "crime against nature" laws are used to prosecute people who have sex with animals.
In the case of Kenneth Pinyan, who died from injuries sustained from receiving anal sex from a horse, local law enforcement found that there were no laws that allowed them to prosecute his friend, who had filmed the event and also allowed himself to be sodomized by the horse. The friend was prosecuted for trespassing. That case prompted the Washington State legislature to draw up legislation outlawing sex with animals.[12]
In a 2005 Florida case, a man who had sex with his dog was charged with disorderly conduct, since the state had no anti-bestiality laws on the books at the time.[13] On 1 October 2011, the state of Florida State Law 828.126, F.S went into effect, banning sex with animals.[14]
Laws against sex with animals[edit]
Aggrawal has discussed extensively on laws against bestiality.[15] It is permitted in a few countries although ordinary animal treatment laws apply.
There are also commonly laws against forcing another person to engage in sexual activity with other animals, especially minors (usually considered equivalent to rape), and laws related to exposing others (either non-consensually or minors) to the sight of a sexual act. In some jurisdictions, laws against zoophilia conduct also include provisions for seizure of animals where convicted.
Exceptions[edit]
Sexual handling of an animal for the purposes of veterinary practice, or animal husbandry (breeding), is normally exempted where such laws exist. In public discussion for the recently passed Oregon law, however, one animal shelter's spokesperson wanted the husbandry exemption kept out, as he was concerned that someone might use these "accepted farming practices" as a legal loophole to then have (legal) sexual contact with an animal only for personal enjoyment. One of the legislators responded by asking if they were trying to outlaw an act (of sexual contact), or a state of mind. The veterinary and husbandry exemption was left out of Oregon's law in the final enacted version.
Zoophilic pornography[edit]
The legality of pornography has three components: legality of production, legality of sale and transportation, and legality of ownership. In general, animal pornography is legal to produce where both zoophilic activity and the creation of pornography in general are legal. Laws concerning sale, transmission and ownership vary more widely.
Erotic art, such as animal pornography in cartoons and the like, which does not require the recording of an actual sexual act, are not usually considered sex with animals by the law, and so their status depends upon more general laws such as legal limits upon obscenity or pornography alone, and the thin line between erotic art and pornography.
National laws[edit]
Laws affecting zoophilic activities vary across different countries and other sub-national jurisdictions. In general, these laws regulate performing or receiving sexual activity from non-human animals, or the sale, distribution, and ownership of zoophilic pornography.
User:RoySmith/test/Legality of zoophilia by country or territory
Americas[edit]
North America[edit]
| Country or territory | Bestiality | Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography | Ownership of zoophilic pornography |
|---|---|---|---|
 Bermuda(Overseas territory of the United Kingdom) |
 Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Canada
|
 Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of ten years' imprisonment or is guilty of an offense punishable on summary conviction[16] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Greenland(Constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark) |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Saint Pierre et Miquelon(Overseas collectivity of France) |
Illegal since 9 March 2004
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and €30,000 fine[17] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Mexico[edit]
| Country, federal district, or state | Bestiality | Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography | Ownership of zoophilic pornography |
|---|---|---|---|
 Mexico
|
N/A | N/A | N/A |
 Aguascalientes
|
Illegal since 2009[18]
Penalty: |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Baja California
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Baja California Sur
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Campeche
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Chiapas
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Chihuahua
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Coahuila
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Colima
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Durango
|
Illegal since 2013[19]
Penalty: |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Guanajuato
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Guerrero
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Hidalgo
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Jalisco
|
Illegal since 2012[20]
Penalty: |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Michoacán
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Morelos
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Mexico
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Mexico City
|
Illegal[21]
Penalty: |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Nayarit
|
Illegal since 2006[22]
Penalty: |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Nuevo León
|
Illegal since 2016[23]
Penalty: |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Oaxaca
|
Illegal since 2015
Penalty: Maximum of one year in prison and a fine of 800 days of salary[24] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Puebla
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Querétaro
|
Illegal since 2009[25]
Penalty: |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Quintana Roo
|
Illegal since 2013[26]
Penalty: |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 San Luis Potosí
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Sinaloa
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Sonora
|
Illegal[27]
Penalty: |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Tabasco
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Tamaulipas
|
Illegal since 2010[28]
Penalty: |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Tlaxcala
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Veracruz
|
Illegal since 2010[29]
Penalty: |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Yucatán
|
Illegal since 2011[30]
'Penalty: |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Zacatecas
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
United States[edit]
Caribbean[edit]
| Country or territory | Bestiality | Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography | Ownership of zoophilic pornography |
|---|---|---|---|
 Anguilla (Overseas territory of the United Kingdom) |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Guantanamo Bay Naval Base(Extraterritorial jurisdiction of the United States) |
 Legal for civilians
Penalty: Maximum of dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 5 years.[31][32][33] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Puerto Rico(Commonwealth of the United States) |
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of 6 months in prison and a $25,000 fine[34][35] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
|
x
y |
u | u |
 Sint Maarten(Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 United States Virgin Islands(Insular area of the United States) |
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of five years' imprisonment[36] |
Illegal[36]
Penalty: |
Illegal[36]
Penalty: |
South America[edit]
| Country or territory | Bestiality | Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography | Ownership of zoophilic pornography |
|---|---|---|---|
 Argentina
|
Legal
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Bolivia
|
Illegal since 1 July 2015
Penalty: Maximum of 1 year's imprisonment and a fine of 60 days, or lose work benefits of 6 months[37] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Brazil
|
Illegal
|
Illegal[38]
|
Illegal[38]
|
 Chile
|
Legal[39] It can be prosecuted under Law 21020 if the animal is hurt [40]
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Colombia
|
Illegal since 2015
Penalty: Maximum of 63 months' imprisonment or a minimum of 21 months' imprisonment, special inability of 1.75 to 5.25 years for the exercise of profession, trade, trade or tenure related to animals, and a maximum fine of 105 minimum wages or a minimum of 8.75 minimum wages[41][42] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Ecuador
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of 8 years in prison[43] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Falkland Islands (Overseas territory of the United Kingdom) |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 French Guiana (Overseas department of France) |
Illegal since 9 March 2004
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and €30,000 fine[17] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Guyana
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of life imprisonment[44] |
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
 Paraguay
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Peru
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Suriname
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Uruguay
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Venezuela
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Asia[edit]
Central Asia[edit]
| Country or territory | Bestiality | Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography | Ownership of zoophilic pornography |
|---|---|---|---|
 Kazakhstan
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Kyrgyzstan
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Tajikistan
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Turkmenistan
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Uzbekistan
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Eurasia[edit]
| Country or territory | Bestiality | Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography | Ownership of zoophilic pornography |
|---|---|---|---|
 Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Overseas territory of the United Kingdom) |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Armenia
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Cyprus
|
Illegal[45]
Penalty: |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Georgia
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Northern Cyprus
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Western Asia[edit]
| Country or territory | Bestiality | Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography | Ownership of zoophilic pornography |
|---|---|---|---|
 Bahrain
|
Unknown
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
 Iran
|
Illegal
Penalty: The first three convictions are determined by a judge and the fourth offense is capital punishment[46] |
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Illegal Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal |
 Iraq
|
Unknown
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Illegal Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal |
 Israel
|
No specific laws against bestiality[47], but prosecuted as animal abuse[48]
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Jordan
|
Unknown
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
 Kuwait
|
Unknown
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Illegal Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal |
 Lebanon
|
Illegal since 1 March 1943
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
 Oman
|
Unknown
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Illegal Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal |
 Palestine
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Qatar
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of capital punishment[44] |
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Illegal Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal |
 Saudi Arabia
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of capital punishment[44] |
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
 Syria
|
Illegal since 22 June 1949
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
 United Arab Emirates
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of capital punishment[44] |
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Illegal Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal |
 Yemen
|
Unknown
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Illegal Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal |
Southern Asia[edit]
| Country or territory | Bestiality | Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography | Ownership of zoophilic pornography |
|---|---|---|---|
 Afghanistan
|
Unknown
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
 Bangladesh
|
Illegal since 25 July 1828 (As part of Company rule in India)
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Illegal Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal |
 Bhutan
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of one year imprisonment[44] |
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
 India
|
Illegal since 25 July 1828 (As part of Company rule in India)
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Maldives
|
Illegal
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Illegal Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal |
 Nepal
|
Unknown
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
 Pakistan
|
Illegal since 25 July 1828 (As part of Company rule in India)
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Illegal Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal |
 Sri Lanka
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of ten years' imprisonment (Unenforced)[44] |
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
Eastern Asia[edit]
| Country or territory | Bestiality | Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography | Ownership of zoophilic pornography |
|---|---|---|---|
 China
|
Unknown
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
 Hong Kong (Special administrative region of China) |
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of 10 years in prison and $50,000 fine[53] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Japan
|
Legal
|
Legal
|
Legal
|
 Macau (Special administrative region of China) |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Mongolia
|
Unknown
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
 North Korea
|
Unknown
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
 South Korea
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of one year in prison or fines which can total up to ₩ 20 million |
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
 Taiwan
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Southeast Asia[edit]
| Country or territory | Bestiality | Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography | Ownership of zoophilic pornography |
|---|---|---|---|
 Brunei
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of capital punishment[54] |
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Illegal Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal |
 Myanmar
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of life imprisonment[44] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Cambodia
|
Legal
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 East Timor
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Laos
|
Unknown
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
 Malaysia
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of twenty years' imprisonment and shall also be liable to whipping[44] |
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Illegal Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal |
 Philippines
|
Unknown
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
 Singapore
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of two years in prison and fine (Unenforced)[55] |
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
 Thailand
|
Illegal since 2014
Penalty: Maximum of one year in prison and a fine of up to Bt20,000[56] |
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
 Vietnam
|
Unknown
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
Republic of Indonesia[edit]
| Country or territory | Bestiality | Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography | Ownership of zoophilic pornography |
|---|---|---|---|
 Indonesia
|
Unknown
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Illegal Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal |
 Aceh
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of being whipped one hundred times[57] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Bali
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Bangka Belitung Islands
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Banten
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Bengkulu
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Central Java
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Central Kalimantan
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Central Sulawesi
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 East Java
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 East Kalimantan
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 East Nusa Tenggara
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Gorontalo
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Jakarta
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Jambi
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Lampung
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Maluku
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 North Kalimantan
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 North Maluku
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 North Sulawesi
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 North Sumatra
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Papua
|
Unknown
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Illegal Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal |
 Riau
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Riau Islands
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Southeast Sulawesi
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 South Kalimantan
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 South Sulawesi
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 South Sumatra
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 West Java
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 West Kalimantan
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 West Nusa Tenggara
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 West Papua
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 West Sulawesi
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 West Sumatra
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Yogyakarta
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Europe[edit]
Central Europe[edit]
| Country or territory | Bestiality | Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography | Ownership of zoophilic pornography |
|---|---|---|---|
 Austria
|
Illegal[45]
Penalty: |
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of a year's imprisonment and a fine of 360 days' rates[58] |
Legal[58]
|
 Croatia
|
Illegal[45]
Penalty: |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Czech Republic
|
Illegal[45]
Penalty: |
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of a 1 year's imprisonment, prohibition to undertake an activity, or to confiscation of a thing or another property value[59] |
Legal[60]
|
 Germany
|
 Illegal since 2013 13th provision.[61] The law was unsuccessfully challenged in 2016[62][63][64][65][66]
Penalty: Maximum of a €25,000 fine[67] |
Illegal
|
Legal (as long as it is not owned with intention of publicizing, sharing or selling)[68][69]
|
 Hungary
|
Legal[45][70]
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Liechtenstein
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Poland
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of 3 years in prison, donation to animal welfare charity and prohibition of owning an animal for up to 10 years (if done in order to distribute or sell the penalty is increased to a minimum of 6 months and maximum of 8 years in prison)[45][71] |
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum 5 years' to a minimum of 3 months' imprisonment[72] |
Legal (if not possessed with intent to sell or distribute)
|
 Romania
|
Legal[45]
|
Unknown; Law only mentions a ban on "sites with […] zoophilic content", which are to be blocked by ISPs at the request of the National Authority for Management and Regulation in Communications[73]
|
Legal[73]
|
 Slovakia
|
Illegal[45]
Penalty: |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Slovenia
|
Illegal[45]
Penalty: |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Switzerland
|
Illegal
Penalty: Imprisonment (In the case of repeated or serious infringements, authorities may prohibit the keeping or breeding of animals for trade or professional occupation)[74] |
Illegal[75]
Penalty: A fine or a Maximum of 3 years imprisonment |
Illegal
Penalty: A fine or a Maximum of 1 year imprisonment |
Eastern Europe[edit]
| Country or territory | Bestiality | Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography | Ownership of zoophilic pornography |
|---|---|---|---|
 Abkhazia
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
| Armenia
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Azerbaijan
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Belarus
|
Unknown
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
| Georgia
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
| Kazakhstan
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Moldova
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Artsakh
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Russia
|
Legal, unless animal is hurt (no explicit law)[76]
|
Illegal[citation needed]
Penalty: Minimum 1 year of imprisonment. Maximum 2 years. Or a fine.
|
Legal
|
 South Ossetia
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Transnistria[77]
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Ukraine
|
Unknown
|
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
Northern Europe[edit]
| Country or territory | Bestiality | Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography | Ownership of zoophilic pornography |
|---|---|---|---|
 Denmark
|
Illegal since 1 July 2015
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Estonia
|
Illegal[45]
Penalty: |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Faroe Islands (Constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark) |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Finland
|
Legal since 15 January 1971[80][81]
|
Unknown
|
Illegal
Penalty: |
 Iceland
|
Legal since 12 August 1940 (As part of Denmark)[80] |
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
 Latvia
|
Illegal[45]
Penalty: |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Lithuania
|
Illegal[45]
Penalty: |
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Unknown
|
 Norway
|
Illegal since 2008[82]
Penalty: Fine and/or maximum of 3 years in prison.[83] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Sweden
|
Illegal since 2014
Penalty: Fine, maximum of 2 years' imprisonment, or both[84] |
|
|
Southern Europe[edit]
| Country or territory | Bestiality | Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography | Ownership of zoophilic pornography |
|---|---|---|---|
 Albania
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Andorra
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Bulgaria
|
Illegal
|
Illegal
|
Illegal
|
 Gibraltar (Overseas territory of the United Kingdom) |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Greece
|
Illegal [85]
|
illegal [85]
|
illegal [85]
|
 Italy
|
No specific laws against bestiality, but in 2012 the Supreme Court of Cassation sentenced a man to six months in jail for forcing his dogs to have sex with women.[45]
Penalty: |
Legal[58]
|
Legal[58]
|
 North Macedonia
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Malta
|
Illegal[45]
Penalty: |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Montenegro
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Portugal
|
Illegal[45]
Penalty: |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 San Marino
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Serbia
|
Legal[86]
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Spain
|
Illegal since 30 March 2015
Penalty: Minimum of three months and one day to a maximum of one year of imprisonment and a year's disqualification and a day to three years for the exercise of profession, trade or business that is related to animals and animal husbandry[87][45][88] |
Legal[58]
|
Legal[58]
|
 Turkey
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years' imprisonment[89] |
Illegal
Penalty: Minimum of one year's imprisonment and a maximum of four years' imprisonment |
Illegal
Penalty: Minimum of one year's imprisonment and a maximum of four years' imprisonment |
 Vatican City
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Western Europe[edit]
| Country or territory | Bestiality | Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography | Ownership of zoophilic pornography |
|---|---|---|---|
 Belgium
|
Illegal since 2007
Penalty: Maximum of 6 months in prison and a fine of €1,000[90] |
Unknown
|
Illegal
Penalty: |
| France
|
Illegal since 9 March 2004
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and €30,000 fine[17] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Guernsey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom) |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Ireland
|
Illegal since 1634[92]
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Isle of Man (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom) |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Jersey (Crown dependency of the United Kingdom) |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Luxembourg
|
Illegal[45]
Penalty: |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Monaco
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Netherlands
|
Illegal since 2010
Penalty: Maximum of 1 year in prison and €19,500 fine[95] |
Illegal since 2010
Penalty: Maximum 6 months' imprisonment or a fine of €7,800[96] |
Illegal since 2010
Penalty: Maximum 6 months' imprisonment or a fine of €7,800[96] |
| United Kingdom
|
Illegal since 1558 (As part of Kingdom of England for England and Wales only)
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison for conviction on indictment |
Illegal since 26 January 2009
Penalty: Maximum of 12 months' imprisonment in England or 6 months' imprisonment in Northern Ireland, a fine, or both on summary conviction |
Illegal since 26 January 2009
Penalty: Maximum of 12 months' imprisonment in England or 6 months' imprisonment in Northern Ireland, a fine, or both on summary conviction |
Oceania[edit]
Australasia[edit]
| Country or territory | Bestiality | Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography | Ownership of zoophilic pornography |
|---|---|---|---|
 New Zealand
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of 7 years in prison ("bestiality") |
Unknown
|
Unknown
Penalty: |
Commonwealth of Australia[edit]
| Country, state, or territory | Bestiality | Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography | Ownership of zoophilic pornography |
|---|---|---|---|
 Australia
|
Illegal | Illegal[101]
Penalty: |
Importation (including downloading) illegal. |
| Ashmore and Cartier Islands
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
| Australian Antarctic Territory
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Australian Capital Territory
|
Illegal since 2011
Penalty: Maximum ten years' imprisonment[102] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Christmas Island
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Cocos (Keeling) Islands
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
| Coral Sea Islands
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
| Heard Island and McDonald Islands
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
| Jervis Bay Territory
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 New South Wales
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum fourteen years' imprisonment[102] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Norfolk Island
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Northern Territory
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum three years' imprisonment[102] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Queensland
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum seven years' imprisonment[102] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 South Australia
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum ten years' imprisonment[102] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Tasmania
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum 21 years' imprisonment[102] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Victoria
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum five years' imprisonment[102] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Western Australia
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum seven years' imprisonment[102] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Melanesia[edit]
| Country or territory | Bestiality | Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography | Ownership of zoophilic pornography |
|---|---|---|---|
 Fiji
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of fourteen years in prison with corporal punishment[103] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 New Caledonia (Overseas collectivity of France) |
Illegal since 9 March 2004
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and €30,000 fine[17] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Papua New Guinea
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of fourteen years in prison[44] |
Illegal Sale and distribution of any kind of pornography illegal |
Illegal Ownership of any kind of pornography illegal |
 Solomon Islands
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of fourteen years in prison[44] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Vanuatu
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Micronesia[edit]
| Country or territory | Bestiality | Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography | Ownership of zoophilic pornography |
|---|---|---|---|
 Guam (Unincorporated territory of the United States) |
Legal
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Federated States of Micronesia
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Kiribati
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of fourteen years in prison[44] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Marshall Islands
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Nauru
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Northern Mariana Islands (Unincorporated territory of the United States) |
Legal
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Palau
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Polynesia[edit]
| Country or territory | Bestiality | Sale and distribution of zoophilic pornography | Ownership of zoophilic pornography |
|---|---|---|---|
 American Samoa (Unincorporated territory of the United States) |
Legal
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Easter Island(Overseas territory of Chile) |
Legal[39]
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Cook Islands (Part of the Realm of New Zealand) |
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of seven years in prison[44] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 French Polynesia (Overseas collectivity of France) |
Illegal since 9 March 2004
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and €30,000 fine[17] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Niue (Part of the Realm of New Zealand) |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Pitcairn Islands (Overseas territory of the United Kingdom) |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Samoa
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of five years in prison[44] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Tokelau (Part of the Realm of New Zealand) |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Tonga
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of ten years in prison[44] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Tuvalu
|
Illegal
Penalty: Maximum of fourteen years in prison[44] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
| United States Minor Outlying Islands (Unincorporated organized territory of the United States) |
Legal
|
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
 Wallis and Futuna (Overseas collectivity of France) |
Illegal since 9 March 2004
Penalty: Maximum of 2 years in prison and €30,000 fine[17] |
Unknown
|
Unknown
|
History[edit]
Mentions in the press[edit]
- Wisconsin, USA (2007) - Bryan James Hathaway was convicted for having sex with a dead deer. The court case raised some interesting legal issues because the statute prohibits sex with animals, but not carcasses. The defence raised the issue that if a dead animal was an animal, at what point would it cease to be an animal. He was sentenced to 6 months probation and labeled as a sex offender.[104]
- Kansas, USA (2012) - Joshua Coman was convicted in Kansas of criminal sodomy (a misdemeanor), but the Kansas Supreme Court ruled that he did not have to register as a sex offender.[105][106]
- Vancouver, Canada (2012) - Brian Cutteridge, bestiality proponent, was arrested after the SPCA claims to have a video of him engaging in sex with one of his dogs.[107]
- Arizona, USA (2012) - Sarah Dae Walker and her husband pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit bestiality in a case where Craigslist was used.[108]
See also[edit]
- Animal trial – Criminal proceedings against animals
- Human–animal marriage – Marriage between an animal and a human
- Legal status of Internet pornography – Legality of pornography
- Sexual norm – Concept of normal sexuality, whether social or personal
- Social norm – Informal understanding of acceptable conduct
- Sodomy law – Laws criminalising certain sexual acts
- Sudanese goat marriage incident – Case of punishment for sexual activity with a goat
Notes[edit]
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- ^ "UKIP voters most supportive of bestiality - PinkNews · PinkNews". www.pinknews.co.uk. Archived from the original on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ^ "Denmark's bestiality ban moves forward". www.thelocal.dk. 25 February 2015. Archived from the original on 6 November 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ^ "Denmark officially bans bestiality". www.thelocal.dk. 21 April 2015. Archived from the original on 14 September 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ^ "Denmark outlaws bestiality in narrow vote". www.cbsnews.com. Archived from the original on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ^ Det Dyreetiske Råd: Udtalelse om menneskers seksuelle omgang med dyr Archived 12 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, The Animal Ethics Council: Statement on the sexual relations of humans with animals
- ^ "Hubby does it doggy style". Archived from the original on 3 February 2005.
- ^ Regan, Tom. Animal Rights, Human Wrongs. Rowman & Littlefield, 2003, pp. 63–4, 89.
- ^ a b "Sexual Offences Act 2003, Section 69". HM Government. 2003. Archived from the original on 28 August 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
- ^ The argument that "all sexual activity with animals is automatically abuse" was made for example, in 1) the 2004 case of State vs. Mitchell Archived 16 July 2006 at the Wayback Machine (Florida), 2) the 2004 Pony case in Utrecht, Holland (cited below), and 3) the 2006 Washington state law which asserts as its foundational premise that "animal cruelty in the first degree is committed when a person knowingly engages in sexual conduct or sexual contact with an animal." SB-6417 2006 Archived 13 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Man Charged With Sexually Abusing Animals". WBNS-10TV. 16 June 2011. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
- ^ "The Animal In You". The Stranger. February–March 2006. Archived from the original on 11 April 2006. Retrieved 30 April 2006.
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- ^ "Section 828.126, Florida Statutes". The Florida Senate. 2011. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
- ^ Aggrawal, Anil (2009). Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-4308-2. Archived from the original on 10 February 2010. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
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- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Aprueban Ley de Protección Animal". El Informador :: Noticias de Jalisco, México, Deportes & Entretenimiento (in European Spanish). Archived from the original on 30 July 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
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- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 November 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Google Translate". translate.google.com. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
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{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Google Translate". translate.google.com. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
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{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|nopp=ignored (|no-pp=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Act for the Punishment of the Vice of Buggery (Ireland) 1634 (10 Chas. 1, sess. 2, c. 20) replaced by section 18 of the Offences against the Person (Ireland) Act 1829 (10 Geo. 4, c. 34) replaced by section 61 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861 (24 & 25 Vict., c. 100). In the Republic of Ireland the 1861 act is still in force as of 5 July 2017[update] with respect to animals.[91] In Northern Ireland it was replaced by section 69 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003, in turn replaced by Article 73 of The Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008
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| Zoophilia | |
|---|---|
| Related subjects | |
| Human sexuality | |
|---|---|
| Child sexuality | |
| Sexual abuse | |
| Age of consent (reform) | |
