User:Prehistoric Reference/sandbox

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Yuornis[edit]

Yuornis is a genus of Late Cretaceous Enantiornithine bird from Henan, China. It contains one species, Yuornis junchangi.[1]

Yuanchuavis[edit]

Yuanchuavis
Temporal range: Early Cretaceous
Life reconstruction of Yuanchuavis kompsosoura.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Theropoda
Clade: Avialae
Clade: Enantiornithes
Family: Pengornithidae
Genus: Yuanchuavis
Wang et al., 2021
Species:
Y. kompsosoura
Binomial name
Yuanchuavis kompsosoura
Wang et al., 2021

Yuanchuavis is a genus of Pengornithid in the group Enantiornithes. Its type and only species, Y. kompsosoura, was found fossilized with a fan of highly graduated rectrices.[2]

See Also: Yuanchuavis[edit]

Ypupiara[edit]

Ypupiara is a genus of unenlagiinae theropod.[3][4]

Yanjisuchus[edit]

Yanjisuchus is an extinct genus of paralligatorid neosuchian known from the Early Cretaceous Longjing Formation of Guizhou, China. It contains a single species, Y. longshanensis.[5]

Yamatosaurus[edit]

Yamatosaurus is a genus of basal hadrosaurid from the Late Cretaceous Kita-Ama Formation of Japan. The genus contains a single species, Yamatosaurus izanagii.

Yamatosaurus
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Genus:
Yamatosaurus

Kobayashi et al, 2021
Species:
Y. izanagii
Binomial name
Yamatosaurus izanagii
Kobayashi et al, 2021

Yakemys[edit]

Yakemys is an extinct genus of macrobaenid turtles from the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous (Tithonian-Valanginian?) lower Phu Kradung Formation of Thailand. It is monotypic, containing a single species, Yakemys multiporcata. Its genus name is derived from ยักษ์ (yak), meaning "giant" in Thai, and its species name from Latin "multi" (multiple) and "porca" (ridge).

Yakemys
Temporal range: Berriasian
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Pantestudines
Clade: Testudinata
Family: Macrobaenidae
Genus: Yakemys
Tong et al., 2021
Type species
Yakemys multiporcata
Tong et al., 2021

Discovery: Yakemys[edit]

Yakemys hails from fossil turtle site Ban Huai Yang (บ้านห้วยยาง) of Northeast Thailand, which, although expected to be within the later Phra Wihan Formation based on its geographic location, is thought to instead belong to the Phu Kradung Formation based on sedimentology. The recovered holotype of Yakemys multiporcata SM KS39 (housed in the Sirindhorn Museum) consists of a very partial shell, and the paratype PRC 151

Xenodens[edit]

Xenodens ("strange tooth") is an extinct genus of marine lizard belonging to the mosasaur family. It currently contains a single species, X. calminechari (From Arabic کالمنشار, meaning "like a saw"), which is known from Late Maastrichtian phosphate deposits in the Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco. Its closest known relative is believed to be the durophagous Carinodens.[6]

Xenodens
Temporal range: Late Maastrichtian [6]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Clade: Mosasauria
Family: Mosasauridae
Subfamily: Mosasaurinae
Tribe: Globidensini
Genus: Xenodens
Longrich et al., 2021
Species:
X. calminechari
Binomial name
Xenodens calminechari
Longrich et al., 2021

Estimated to have measured around 1.6 meters (5.2 ft) in length, both the genus and type species are named for the mosasaur's short and flattened blade-like teeth that collectively form a set of saw-like jaws. This is a feature that has never been seen in any other tetrapod but converge with the jaws of modern dogfish sharks and piranhas. Based on the feeding behavior of these animals, paleontologists believe that Xenodus used its highly specialized dentition for a broad diet on cephalopods, crustaceans, fish, and scavenged marine reptiles.[6]

See Also: Xenodens[edit]

Vinitasaura[edit]

Vinitasaura is an extinct genus of lepidosauromorph from the Late Triassic of Virginia. It contains a single species, Vinitasaura lizae, which is based on a complete jaw and jaw fragment from the Carnian-age Vinita Formation of the Richmond Basin. Vinitasaura lived alongside several other lepidosauromorphs, including the sphenodontian Micromenodon and an undescribed pleurodont taxon. The Vinita Formation has the oldest lepidosauromorph assemblage found in North America, shedding light on the early diversification and dispersal of this reptile group.[7]

Vinitasaura
Temporal range: Late Triassic Carnian
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Lepidosauromorpha
Genus: Vinitasaura
Sues & Kligman, 2021
Type species
Vinitasaura lizae
Sues & Kligman, 2021

See Also: Vinitasaura[edit]

Vectiraptor[edit]

Vectiraptor is a genus of dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Barremian age Wessex Formation of the United Kingdom. The type and only species is V. greeni, known from associated dorsal vertebrae and a partial sacrum. [8]

Ulughbegsaurus[edit]

Ulughbegsaurus (meaning "Ulugh Beg's lizard") is a genus of carcharodontosaurian theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan. The type species is Ulughbegsaurus uzbekistanensis. [9]

Ulughbegsaurus
Temporal range: Turonian
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Theropoda
Clade: Avetheropoda
Genus: Ulughbegsaurus
Tanaka et al., 2021
Type species
Ulughbegsaurus uzbekistanensis
Tanaka et al., 2021

See Also: Ulughbegsaurus[edit]

Ueekenkcoracias[edit]

Ueekenkcoracias is a genus of primobucconid coraciiform from the Huitrera Formation of Patagonia.[10] A relatively large member of the stem-Coracii, Ueekenkcoracias possessed a robust femur and stout tibiotarsus, with a strongly projected facies articularis medialis.[10]

Ueekenkcoracias
Temporal range: Eocene
~52.2 Ma
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Coraciiformes
Clade: Coracii
Genus: Ueekenkcoracias
Degrange et al., 2021
Type species
Ueekenkcoracias tambussiae

Etymology: Ueekenkcoracias[edit]

The generic name of Ueekenkcoracias is derived from the native Tehuelche word ueekenk, meaning "outsider" in reference to its unusual presence in South America, and the genus name Coracias.[10] The specific epithet honors Claudia Patricia Tambussi, who majorly contributed to paleornithology, particularly in South America.[10]

Description: Ueekenkcoracias[edit]

The holotype specimen of Ueekenkcoracias consists of an incomplete right leg, preserved as a part and counterpart.[10]

Trullidens[edit]

Trullidens is an extinct genus of sphenodontian from the Late Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina. The type species is Trullidens purgatorii.[11]

Trullidens
Temporal range: Late Triassic, Norian
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Rhynchocephalia
Clade: Opisthodontia
Genus: Trullidens
Kligman et al., 2021
Type species
Trullidens purgatorii
Kligman et al., 2021

Triamyxa[edit]

Triamyxa is an extinct genus of myxophagan beetle in the monotypic family Triamyxidae that is from the Late Triassic, approximately 230 million years ago in the Carnian faunal stage of what is now the Keuper Claystone of Poland. The type species is T. coprolithica and it was identified from specimens found in the coprolite of the dinosauriform Silesaurus opolensis.[12] Because Triamyxa specimens were found inside coprolites, this may offer a new method of finding insect fossils aside from amber.

Triamyxa
Temporal range: Late Triassic,
230 Ma
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Suborder:
Family:
Genus:
Triamyxa

Qvarnström et al., 2021
Binomial name
Triamyxa coprolithica
Qvarnström et al., 2021

The specimens were preserved in 3D, with their legs and antennae intact and Triamyxa was likely consumed on by accident by Silesaurus while eating other animals, likely larger insects, and the specimens were likely not chewed much, which explains why one Triamyxa specimen was intact and the rest were fragmentary and Triamyxa was also probably present in the environment in large numbers.[12]

Tlatolophus[edit]

Tlatlolophus is a genus of hadrosaur.

Tika giacchinoi[edit]

'Tika is an extinct genus of sphenodontian from the Late Cretaceous Candeleros Formation of Argentina. The type species is Tika giacchinoi.[13]

Tika giacchinoi
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Rhynchocephalia
Family: Sphenodontidae
Genus: Tika
Apesteguía, Garberoglio & Gómez, 2021
Type species
Tika giacchinoi
Apesteguía, Garberoglio & Gómez, 2021

Thapunngaka[edit]

Thapunngaka[14] (Spear Mouth in Wanamara) is a genus pterosaur recovered from Queensland, found in the marine Toolebuc Formation. Native to the Early Cretceous, it was an an Anhanguerid.

Terropterus[edit]

Terropterus is a genus of eurypterid, an extinct group of aquatic arthropods. Fossils of the single and type species, T. xiushanensis, have been discovered in deposits of the Early Silurian period (Llandovery epoch) in China. Some fossils of Terropterus have not been assigned to any species as they differ slightly from T. xiushanensis, but too little material is known to determine whether these fossils represent another species of Terropterus or only an ontogenetic stage (a different developmental stage of the same animal throughout its life) of T. xiushanensis.[15]

Terropterus
Temporal range: Llandovery, 443.8–433.4 Ma
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Order: Eurypterida
Superfamily: Carcinosomatoidea
Family: Mixopteridae
Genus: Terropterus
Wang et al., 2021
Type species
Terropterus xiushanensis
Wang et al., 2021

Terropterus is classified in the family Mixopteridae together with Mixopterus and Lanarkopterus, being the oldest known mixopterid to date and the only one found in the paleocontinent Gondwana and not in Laurussia, another paleocontinent. This genus differs from Mixopterus and Lanarkopterus mainly in the morphology of its appendages (limbs) and forms a group with Lanarkopterus within Mixopteridae, both being the sister group (closest relative) of each genera.[15]

See Also: Terropterus[edit]

Taytalura[edit]

Taytalura is an extinct genus of lepidosauromorph reptile from the Late Triassic of Argentina. It contains a single species, Taytalura alcoberi, which is based on a well-preserved skull from the late Carnian Ischigualasto Formation. Although Taytalura did not belong to any group of modern lepidosaurs, micro-CT scanning reveals features of the skull previously only seen in sphenodontians (tuatara and kin). This suggests that the ancestral condition of the skull in lepidosaurs was more similar to sphenodontians than to squamates (lizards and kin).[16]

Taytalura
Temporal range: Late Triassic (late Carnian) 231.4 Ma
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Lepidosauromorpha
Genus: Taytalura
Martinez et al., 2021
Type species
Taytalura alcoberi
Martinez et al., 2021

See Also: Taytalura[edit]

Tamarro[edit]

Tamarro (named after a mythological creature in local culture) is a genus of troodontid theropod from the Late Cretaceous of Spain. The genus contains a single species, Tamarro insperatus.

Tamarro
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Theropoda
Family: Troodontidae
Subfamily: Jinfengopteryginae
Genus: Tamarro
Sellés et al., 2021
Species:
T. insperatus
Binomial name
Tamarro insperatus
Sellés et al., 2021

Tamarro (named after a mythological creature in local culture) is a genus of troodontid theropod from the Late Cretaceous of Spain. The genus contains a single species, Tamarro insperatus.

Tacuadactylus[edit]

Tacuadactylus is a genus of ctenochasmatid pterosaur from the Late Jurassic of Uruguay. It was recovered from rocks in the Batoví Member of the Tacuarembó Formation. The type species is T.luciae.[17]

Tacuadactylus
Temporal range: Late Jurassic, 152–145 Ma
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Order: Pterosauria
Suborder: Pterodactyloidea
Family: Ctenochasmatidae
Subfamily: Gnathosaurinae
Genus: Tacuadactylus
Soto et al., 2021
Type species
Tacuadactylus luciae
Soto et al., 2021

See Also: Tacuadactylus[edit]

Syntomiprosopus[edit]

Syntomiprosopus (meaning "short face") is an extinct genus of archosauriform, possibly a crocodylomorph from the Late Triassic period of Arizona. The type and only known species is S. sucherorum. Syntomiprosopus was unusually short-snouted, comparable to the Late Cretaceous notosuchian Simosuchus, and is regarded as an example of convergent evolution between Triassic stem-archosaurs and Cretaceous archosaurs.

Syntomiprosopus
Temporal range: Late Triassic, Norian
~219 Ma
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Archosauromorpha
Clade: Crocopoda
Clade: Archosauriformes
Genus: Syntomiprosopus
Heckert et al., 2021
Species:
S. sucherorum
Binomial name
Syntomiprosopus sucherorum
Heckert et al., 2021

Discovery and naming: Syntomiprosopus[edit]

Fossils of Syntomiprosopus were discovered at a locality in the Downs' Quarry located in eastern Arizona, just above the "Placerias Quarry" and just below the principal horizon of the Downs' Quarry. The fossils were recovered during joint excavations by the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences (NCSM) and Appalachian State University (ASU) between 2013–2015 as part of a series of excavations that had begun in 2010. The quarry is part of the expansive Late Triassic Chinle Formation, and has been radiometrically dated to have been deposited at a maximum age of approximately 219.39 ± 0.16 million years old.[18]

The holotype specimen (NCSM 29059–29060) consists of two associated pieces of a complete right mandible, along with the paratypes NCSM 26729 (an articular complex from the rear of the left jaw), NCSM 26730 (the front of a left mandible), NCSM 27677 (the middle portion of a left mandible), NCSM 27678 (another left articular complex) and NCSM 29061 (a right articular complex). These belong to at least two, but possibly up to four individuals. Part of the back of a skull and braincase (NCSM 27679) found associated with the jaw material may also belong to Syntomiprosopus, as well as some sacral vertebrae (NCSM 27991 and NCSM 27992), but they cannot be definitively referred to Syntomiprosopus on anatomical grounds. However, because there are no other similarly sized vertebrates in the fossil bed that it can be referred to, has identical preservation, and that it does not match any previously known animal from the Downs' Quarry, Heckert and colleagues were confident in referring the skull to Syntomiprosopus.[18]

Heckert and colleagues named Syntomiprosopus from the Greek prefix syntomi- ("short") and prosopus ("face") to refer to its characteristically short jaws. The specific name sucherorum is in honour of Scott ("Major") and Karen Sucher, who had voluntarily spent 22 years supporting and aiding Heckert and his colleagues, including participating in the excavations at Downs' Quarry that discovered the remains of Syntomiprosopus.[18]

Description: Syntomiprosopus[edit]

Syntomiprosopus is only known by bones of the lower jaw and potentially part of the braincase. However, the lower jaw is distinct amongst Late Triassic reptiles, being short and almost as broad as they are long, meeting with a U-shaped curve at their tips. The lower jaw is robust, approximately 2.5x as long as high, and is twice as deep at its end as the tips. They have a coarse and roughly textured surface with irregularly placed pits and grooves without any clear pattern.[18]

Syntomiprosopus has very few teeth, with the smallest specimen having only eight active tooth positions and the largest specimen only four. The teeth are divided into a set 2—4 front teeth that are procumbent (angled forwards), a large canine-like (caniniform) tooth, followed by up to 3 small postcanine teeth, the smallest set in the toothrow. In larger specimens, the tooth sockets for these postcanines are resorbed into the jaw bone, and the teeth are lost. The teeth themselves are asymmetrical, with a flat outer surface and bulbous inner surface, and appear to have large denticles (serrations) along their edges.[18]

Classification: Syntomiprosopus[edit]

Syntomiprosopus is evidenced to be an archosauriform, based on the presence of the mandibular fenestra and serrated teeth. However, no characteristics are identifiable in the lower jaw to identify its affinities beyond Archosauriformes. Notably, the rugose mandibular symphysis, large caniniform tooth, short prearticular, and the angular that is well exposed on the internal side of the jaw are all characteristics variably found in crocodylomorphs, although the first two traits are also found elsewhere in archosauriforms.[18]

The braincase and back of the skull, if correctly referred to Syntomiprosopus, may further indicate affinities to early crocodylomorphs. Crocodylomorph characteristics of this skull include a sagittal crest along the midline (formed by fused, raised parietal bones), the rear edge of the parietals diverge at almost 90° from the midline of the skull, a contact between the laterosphenoid and parabasisphenoid of the braincase, and a possible contact between the prootic bone of the middle ear and quadrate bone on the external surface of the skull.[18]

However, the partial skull also lacks characteristics found in more derived crocodylomorphs (such as deep hollow on the underside of the basioccipital, or on the parabasisphenoid)) and preserves features lost in more derived crocodylomorphs (such as the entrances for the internal carotid arteries being placed high on the skull and modifications to the middle ear). This combination of traits indicate that if Syntomiprosopus is indeed a crocodylomorph, it must be a relatively basal early-diverging species, less derived than Sphenosuchus.[18]

Paleobiology: Syntomiprosopus[edit]

The smaller specimen of Syntomiprosopus preserves more open tooth sockets, four in front, a canine-like tooth, and three postcanine teeth behind. The larger specimen only preserves the three front teeth and the caniniform, with the remaining tooth sockets behind being either fully or partially resorbed into the jaw bone. This suggests that Syntomiprosopus lost these teeth as it matured, losing close to half of its dentition. Some archosaurs are known to decrease their tooth counts as they mature (e.g. tyrannosaurids and possibly modern crocodylians), however, only Limusaurus shows a similarly drastic loss in teeth between juveniles and adults (whereby juveniles have sharp, pointed teeth that are lost for a beak in adults).[18]

Palaeocology: Syntomiprosopus[edit]

The only other fossils recovered from the same layers as Syntomiprosopus are of indeterminate phytosaurs. However, the layers immediately below and above contain fossils of the herbivorous armoured aetosaurs Desmatosuchus, Calyptosuchus and Tecovasuchus, as well as a dicynodont (likely Placerias) and an unidentified allokotosaur.[18]

See Also: Syntomiprosopus[edit]

Sumpalla[edit]

Sumpalla is an ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur from the Late Jurassic Vaca Muerta Formation of Argentina. It contains a single species, S. argentina.[19]

Stegouros[edit]

Stegouros is an ankylosaur.

Stauromatodon[edit]

Stauromatodon
Temporal range: Middle Triassic, Ladinian
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Diapsida
Genus: Stauromatodon
Sobral, Sues & Schoch, 2021
Type species
Stauromatodon mohli
Sobral, Sues & Schoch, 2021

Stauromatodon is an extinct genus of diapsid reptile, possibly related to Saurosphargidae, from the Middle Triassic Erfurt Formation of Germany. It contains a single species, Stauromatodon mohli.

Spicomellus[edit]

Spicomellus is an ankylosaurian dinosaur.

Sphenofontis[edit]

Sphenofontis
Temporal range: Kimmeridgian
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Rhynchocephalia
Family: Sphenodontidae
Genus: Sphenofontis
Villa et al, 2021
Type species
Sphenofontis velserae
Villa et al, 2021


Sphenofontis is an extinct genus of sphenodontian reptile known from the Late Jurassic of Germany, with a single known species. S. veiserae It is known from a single nearly complete and articulated sub-adult specimen (SNSB-BSPG 1993 XVIII), found in the late Kimmeridgian aged Torleite Formation in Brunn quarry in Bavaria, Southern Germany. It is thought to be a close relative of the living tuatara (Sphenodon puncatus).

Sinomacrops[edit]

Sinomacrops is a genus of extinct anurognathid pterosaur from the Middle to Late Jurassic periods of what is now the Daohugou Beds of the Tiaojishan Formation in Mutoudeng, Qinglong County of the Hebei province. The remains of Sinomacrops date back around 164 and 158 million years ago. The type and only known species is Sinomacrops bondei[20]

Sinomacrops
Temporal range: Callovian-Oxfordian
~164–158 Ma
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Order: Pterosauria
Family: Anurognathidae
Subfamily: Batrachognathinae
Genus: Sinomacrops
Wei et al., 2021
Type species
Sinomacrops bondei
Wei et al., 2021

Sinocephale[edit]

Sinocephale is a genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaur that lived in Inner Mongolia, China during the Cretaceous period. The type and only species S. bexelli, was originally named as a species of the genus Troodon in 1953, and later transferred to the genus Stegoceras. After decades of being considered dubious, it was re-evaluated in 2021 and recognized as a valid taxon, being given a unique generic name.[21]

Sinocephale
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, 92 Ma
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Ornithischia
Clade: Pachycephalosauria
Family: Pachycephalosauridae
Subfamily: Pachycephalosaurinae
Genus: Sinocephale
Evans, 2021
Type species
Sinocephale bexelli

See Also: Sinocephale[edit]

Sindhochelys[edit]

Sindhochelys
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Testudines
Suborder: Pleurodira
Hyperfamily: Pelomedusoides
Family: Bothremydidae
Genus:
Sindhochelys
Species

Sindhochelys ragei

Silutitan[edit]

Silutitan is a genus of euhelopodid sauropod dinosaur from China.[22]

Reference[edit]

  1. ^ Xu, Li; Buffetaut, Eric; O’Connor, Jingmai; Zhang, Xingliao; Jia, Songhai; Zhang, Jiming; Chang, Huali; Tong, Haiyan (2021-11). "A new, remarkably preserved, enantiornithine bird from the Upper Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Henan (central China) and convergent evolution between enantiornithines and modern birds". Geological Magazine. 158 (11): 2087–2094. doi:10.1017/S0016756821000807. ISSN 0016-7568. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982221011581
  3. ^ Brum, Arthur Souza, Pêgas, Rodrigo Vargas, Bandeira, Kamila Luisa Nogueira, Souza, Lucy Gomes de, Campos, Diogenes de Almeida, & Kellner, Alexander Wilhelm Armin. (2021). A new Unenlagiinae (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.crjdfn32j
  4. ^ ???, ??? (August 5, 2021). "Please welcome YPUPIARA LOPAI, a new dinosaur from Brazil! It is an unenlagiine dromaeosaurid. I'm so proud to be a co-author on this work along with @7BrumAS, @sedismutabilis and @gryposouza! Art by @7BrumAS here! [1/7]". Twitter. Retrieved August 5, 2021. {{cite web}}: |last= has numeric name (help); line feed character in |title= at position 95 (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ^ Rummy, Paul; Wu, Xiao-Chun; Clark, James M.; Zhao, Qi; Jin, Chang-Zhu; Shibata, Masateru; Jin, Feng; Xu, Xing (2022-01-01). "A new paralligatorid (Crocodyliformes, Neosuchia) from the mid-Cretaceous of Jilin Province, northeastern China". Cretaceous Research. 129: 105018. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105018. ISSN 0195-6671.
  6. ^ a b c Longrich, N.R.; Bardet, N.; Schulp, A. S.; Jalil, N (2021). "Xenodens calminechari gen. et sp. nov., a bizarre mosasaurid (Mosasauridae, Squamata) with shark-like cutting teeth from the upper Maastrichtian of Morocco, North Africa". Cretaceous Research. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104764.
  7. ^ Sues, Hans-Dieter; Kligman, Ben T. (2020-12-10). "A new lizard-like reptile from the Upper Triassic (Carnian) of Virginia and the Triassic record of Lepidosauromorpha (Diapsida, Sauria)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 40 (6): e1879102. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1879102. ISSN 0272-4634.
  8. ^ Longrich, Nicholas R.; Martill, David M.; Jacobs, Megan L. (2021-12-17). "A new dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Wessex Formation (Lower Cretaceous, Barremian) of the Isle of Wight, and implications for European palaeobiogeography". Cretaceous Research: 105123. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105123. ISSN 0195-6671.
  9. ^ Tanaka K, Anvarov OU, Zelenitsky DK, Ahmedshaev AS, Kobayashi Y (2021). "A new carcharodontosaurian theropod dinosaur occupies apex predator niche in the early Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan". Royal Society Open Science. 8 (9): Article ID 210923. doi:10.1098/rsos.210923.
  10. ^ a b c d e Degrange, F. J.; Pol, D.; Puerta, P.; Wilf, P. (2021). "Unexpected larger distribution of Paleogene stem-rollers (Aves, Coracii): new evidence from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): Article number 1363. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-80479-8. PMC 7809110. PMID 33446824.
  11. ^ Kligman, Ben T.; McClure, Warren C.; Korbitz, Mark; Schumacher, Bruce A. (2021-07). "New sphenodontian (Reptilia: Lepidosauria) from a novel Late Triassic paleobiota in western North America sheds light on the earliest radiation of herbivorous lepidosaurs". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (4): 827–844. doi:10.1017/jpa.2021.22. ISSN 0022-3360. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ^ a b Qvarnström, M.; Fikáček, M.; Wernström, J. V.; Huld, S.; Beutel, R. G.; Arriaga-Varela, E.; Ahlberg, P. E.; Niedźwiedzki, G. (June 30, 2021). "Exceptionally preserved beetles in a Triassic coprolite of putative dinosauriform origin". Current Biology. 31 (15): 3374–3381.e5. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.015. PMID 34197727. S2CID 235691750.
  13. ^ Apesteguía, Sebastián; Garberoglio, Fernando F.; Gómez, Raúl O. (2021-09-30). "Earliest Tuatara Relative (Lepidosauria: Sphenodontinae) from Southern Continents". Ameghiniana. 58 (5). doi:10.5710/amgh.13.07.2021.3442. ISSN 0002-7014.
  14. ^ Richards TM, Stumkat PE, Salisbury SW (2021). "A new species of crested pterosaur (Pterodactyloidea, Anhangueridae) from the Lower Cretaceous (upper Albian) of Richmond, North West Queensland, Australia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Online edition: e1946068. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1946068.
  15. ^ a b Wang, Han; Dunlop, Jason A.; Gai, Zhikun; Lei, Xiaojie; Jarzembowski, Edmund A.; Wang, Bo (2021). "First mixopterid eurypterids (Arthropoda: Chelicerata) from the Lower Silurian of South China". Science Bulletin. doi:10.1016/j.scib.2021.07.019.
  16. ^ Martínez, Ricardo N.; Simões, Tiago R.; Sobral, Gabriela; Apesteguía, Sebastián (2021-08-25). "A Triassic stem lepidosaur illuminates the origin of lizard-like reptiles". Nature: 1–4. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03834-3. ISSN 1476-4687.
  17. ^ Soto, M.; Montenegro, F.; Mesa, V.; Perea, D. (2021). "A new ctenochasmatid (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea) from the late Jurassic of Uruguay". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103472.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Heckert, A. B.; Nesbitt, S. J.; Stocker, M. R.; Schneider, V. P.; Hoffman, D. K.; Zimmer, B. W. (2021). "A new short-faced archosauriform from the Upper Triassic Placerias/Downs' quarry complex, Arizona, USA, expands the morphological diversity of the Triassic archosauriform radiation". The Science of Nature. 108 (4): Article 32. doi:10.1007/s00114-021-01733-1.
  19. ^ Campos, Lisandro; Fernández, Marta S.; Herrera, Yanina; Garrido, Alberto (2021). "Morphological disparity in the evolution of the ophthalmosaurid forefin: new clues from the Upper Jurassic of Argentina". Papers in Palaeontology. 7 (4): 1995–2020. doi:10.1002/spp2.1374. ISSN 2056-2802.
  20. ^ Wei, X.; Pêgas, R. V.; Shen, C.; Guo, Y.; Ma, W.; Sun, D.; Zhou, X. (2021). "Sinomacrops bondei, a new anurognathid pterosaur from the Jurassic of China and comments on the group". PeerJ. 9: e11161. doi:10.7717/peerj.11161.
  21. ^ Evans, David; Brown, Caleb M.; You, Hailu; Campione, Nicolás E. (2021). "Description and revised diagnosis of Asia's first recorded pachycephalosaurid, Sinocephale bexelli gen. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. e–First: 981–992. doi:10.1139/cjes-2020-0190.
  22. ^ Wang X, Bandeira KL, Qiu R, Jiang S, Cheng X, Ma Y, Kellner AW (2021). "The first dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous Hami Pterosaur Fauna, China". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): Article number 14962. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-94273-7.