User:PenangLion/Politics sandbox

Provisional presidents of the Republic of China

No.	Portrait	President	Term of office		Party		Mandate	Vice president
			Start	Left
		Father of the Republic Sun Yat-sen 孫文 (1886–1925)	10 October 1913	12 December 1915		Tongmenghui	1911	Li Yuanhong
		Generalissimo Yuan Shikai 袁世凯 (1859–1916)	10 October 1913	12 December 1915		Beiyang clique (Army)	1912	Li Yuanhong

Presidents of the Beiyang government

Portrait	President	Term of office		Mandate	Party		Vice president
		Start	Left
	Generalissimo Yuan Shikai 袁世凯 (1859–1916)	10 October 1913	12 December 1915	1911		Tongmenghui	Li Yuanhong
During this period, Yuan Shikai proclaimed a dynasty and was declared as the Hongxian Emperor.
	Generalissimo Yuan Shikai 袁世凯 (1859–1916)	10 October 1913	12 December 1915	1911		Tongmenghui	Li Yuanhong
	Generalissimo Li Yuanhong 黎元洪 (1864–1928)	6 June 1916	17 July 1917	–		Progressive	Feng Guozhang
	Generalissimo Feng Guozhang 馮國璋 (1859–1919)	17 July 1917
During this interval, former finance minister Zhou Ziqi (Communications clique) became acting president.
During this interval, former finance minister Zhou Ziqi (Communications clique) became acting president.
During this interval, former finance minister Zhou Ziqi (Communications clique) became acting president.
During this interval, there were four acting presidents that assumed their positions.

	Portrait	TitlePresident (Lifespan)	Term of office & mandate Duration in years and days			Party	Vice President		Governments
Presidents of the Provisional Government (1912–1913)
		Father of the Republic of ChinaSun Yat-sen孫文(1886–1925)	1 January1912	1 April1912	1911	Tongmenghui		Li Yuanhong(Beiyang clique)	Nanking Provisional
			92 days
		GeneralissimoYuan Shikai袁世凯(1859–1916)	1 April1912	10 October1913	1912	Beiyang clique(military)		Li Yuanhong (Republican)	Tang I
									Aloof
									Zhao
									Duan Provisional
									Talented
			1 year and 215 days
Presidents of the Beiyang government (1913–1915, 1916–1928)
		GeneralissimoYuan Shikai袁世凯(1859–1916)	10 October1913	12 December1915	1913	Beiyang clique (military)		Li Yuanhong (Progressive)
									Sun Provisional
									Xu Shichang I
			2 years and 64 days
		Between 12 December 1915–22 March 1916, Yuan Shikai proclaimed an empire and was declared as the Hongxian Emperor.				Beiyang clique (military)	Position vacant		Lou II
		GeneralissimoYuan Shikai袁世凯(1859–1916)(died in office)	22 March1916	6 June1916	-	Beiyang clique (military)		Li Yuanhong (Progressive)	Xu Shichang II
									Duan I
			77 days
		GeneralissimoLi Yuanhong黎元洪(1864–1928)(forced out)	6 June1916	17 July1917	-	Progressive		Feng Guozhang(Zhili clique)
									Wu Provisional
									Jiang Provisional
									Li
									Duan II
			1 year and 42 days
		Between 17 July 1917–10 October 1918, then-incumbent Vice President General Feng Guozhang (Zhili clique) became Acting President.				Zhili clique(military)	Position vacant
									Wang Shizhen
									Duan III
		Xu Shichang徐世昌(1855–1939)(forced out)	10 October1918	2 June1922	1918	Anhui clique(civilian)	Position vacant		Qian Provisional
									Qian
									Gong Provisional
									Jin Provisional
									Jin I
									Sa Provisional
									Jin II
									Jin III
									Liang
									Zhou Caretaker
			3 years and 236 days
		Between 2–11 June 1922, former Finance Minister Zhou Ziqi (Communications clique) became Acting President.				Communications clique(civilian)	Position vacant
		GeneralissimoLi Yuanhong黎元洪(1864–1928)(forced out)	11 June1922	13 June1923	-	Research clique(civilian)	Position vacant		Yan I
									Tang II
									Good People's
									Wang Daxie
									C.T. Wang
									Zhang Shaozeng
			1 year and 3 days
		Between 14 June–10 October 1923, then-incumbent Premier Gao Lingwei (Zhili clique) became Acting President.				Zhili clique(military)	Position vacant		Gao Caretaker
		GeneralCao Kun曹錕(1862–1938)(deposed)	10 October1923	2 November1924	1923	Zhili clique(military)	Position vacant		Gao Provisional
									Sun
									Koo Provisional
									Yan II
									Huang Caretaker
			1 year and 3 days
		Between 2–24 November 1924, then-incumbent Acting Premier Huang Fu (Zhili clique) became Acting President.				Zhili clique(military)	Position vacant
		GeneralDuan Qirui段祺瑞(1865–1936)(forced out)	24 November1924	20 April1926	-	Anhui clique(military)	Position vacant		Provisional Governance
									Xu Shiying
									Jia
			1 year and 148 days
		Between 20 April–13 May 1926, former Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Hu Weide (Zhili clique) assumed the positions of both Premier and President as Acting Provisional Chief Executive.				Zhili clique(military)	Position vacant		Hu Provisional Caretaker
		Between 13 May–22 June 1926, former Premier Yan Huiqing (Anhui clique) assumed the position of both Acting Premier and Acting President.				Anhui clique(military)	Position vacant		Yan Caretaker
		Between 22 June–1 October 1926, Admiral Du Xigui (Zhili clique) assumed the position of both Acting Premier and Acting President.				Zhili clique(military)	Position vacant		Du Provisional Caretaker
		Between 1 October 1926–17 June 1927, former Premier Wellington Koo (nonpartisan) assumed the position of both Acting Premier and Acting President.(resigned)				Nonpartisan	Position vacant		Koo Provisional Caretaker
									Koo Caretaker
		GeneralissimoZhang Zuolin張作霖(1875–1928)(assassinated)	18 June1927	4 June1928	-	Fengtian clique(military)	Position vacant		Pan
			353 days
Chairmen of the Nationalist government (1928–1948)
		GeneralTan Yankai譚延闓(1880–1930)	7 February1928	10 October1928	Feb. 1928	Kuomintang			Tan
			247 days
		GeneralissimoChiang Kai-shek蔣中正(1887–1975)(resigned)	10 October1928	15 December1931	August 1928	Kuomintang
					March 1929
									Chiang I
			3 years and 67 days
		Between 15 December–1 January 1932, then-incumbent President of the Legislative Yuan Lin Sen (Kuomintang) became Acting Chairman.				Kuomintang			Sun Ke I
		Lin Sen林森(1868–1943)(died in office)	1 January1932	1 August1943	Dec. 1931	Kuomintang
									Wang Jingwei
									Chiang II
									Kung
									Chiang III
			11 years and 213 days
		Between 1 August–1 Oct. 1943, former Chairmen Chiang Kai-shek (Kuomintang) became Acting Chairman.				Kuomintang
		GeneralissimoChiang Kai-shek蔣中正(1887–1975)	1 October1943	20 May1948	Sept. 1943	Kuomintang
									Soong I
									Zhang Qun
			4 years and 233 days
Presidents after the 1947 Constitution (1948–1996)
		GeneralissimoChiang Kai-shek蔣中正(1887–1975)	20 May1948	21 January1949	1948	Kuomintang
			247 days
		Between 21 Jan. 1949–1 March 1950, then-incumbent Vice President Li Zongren (Kuomintang) became Acting President.
		GeneralissimoChiang Kai-shek蔣中正(1887–1975)	1 March1950	5 April1975	1954
					1960
					1966
					1972
			25 years and 36 days
		Yen Chia-kan嚴家淦(1905–1993)	5 April1975	20 May1978	-
			3 years and 46 days
		GeneralChiang Ching-kuo嚴家淦(1910–1988)	20 May1978	13 January1988	1978
					1984
			9 years and 239 days
		Lee Teng-hui李登輝(1923–2020)	13 January1988	20 May1996	1990
			8 years and 129 days
Presidents post-democratization (1996 onwards)
		Lee Teng-hui李登輝(1923–2020)	20 May1996	20 May2000	1996	Kuomintang
			4 years and 1 day
		Chen Shui-bian陳水扁(b. 1950)	20 May2000	20 May2008	2000	Democratic Progressive
					2004
			8 years and 1 day
		Ma Ying-jeou馬英九(b. 1950)	20 May2008	20 May2016	2008	Kuomintang
					2012
			8 years and 1 day
		Tsai Ing-wen蔡英文(b. 1956)	20 May2016	Incumbent	2016	Democratic Progressive
					2020
			7 years and 347 days

List 1

Prime Minister of Malaysia
Perdana Menteri Malaysia ڤردان منتري مليسيا‎
Coat of arms of Malaysia
Incumbent Anwar Ibrahim since 24 November 2022
Government of Malaysia Prime Minister's Department
Style	Prime Minister (informal) Yang Amat Berhormat (formal) The Right Honourable (within the Commonwealth) His Excellency (diplomatic)
Member of	Cabinet Prime Minister's Department National Finance Council National Security Council House of Representatives
Reports to	Parliament
Residence	Seri Perdana, Putrajaya
Seat	Perdana Putra, Putrajaya
Appointer	Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Term length	Five years, renewable
Constituting instrument	Constitution of Malaysia
Inaugural holder	Tunku Abdul Rahman
Formation	31 August 1957 (1957-08-31)
Salary	RM22,826.65/US$ 5,106 per month
Website	www.pmo.gov.my

The prime minister of Malaysia (Malay: Perdana Menteri Malaysia; Jawi: ڤردان منتري مليسيا) is the head of government of Malaysia. The prime minister directs the executive branch of the federal government. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong appoints the prime minister as a member of Parliament (MP) who, in his opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs. This person is usually the leader of the party winning the most seats in a general election.

After the formation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963, Tunku Abdul Rahman, the chief minister of the Federation of Malaya, became the first prime minister of Malaysia.

Appointment

The prime minister's office at Perdana Putra, Putrajaya

According to the Federal Constitution, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall first appoint a prime minister to preside over the Cabinet. The prime minister is to be a member of the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives), and who in his majesty's judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of that House. This person must be a Malaysian citizen, but cannot have obtained their citizenship by means of naturalisation or registration. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall appoint other ministers from either the Dewan Rakyat or Dewan Negara (Senate) with the prime minister's advice.

The prime minister and his cabinet ministers must take and subscribe to the oath of office and allegiance as well as the oath of secrecy in the presence of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong before they can exercise functions of office. The Cabinet is collectively accountable to the Parliament of Malaysia. The members of the Cabinet shall not hold any office of profit and engage in any trade, business or profession that will cause a conflict of interest. The Prime Minister's Department (sometimes referred to as the Prime Minister's Office) is the body and ministry in which the prime minister exercises his/her functions and powers.

In the case where a government cannot get its appropriation (budget) legislation passed by the House of Representatives, or when the House passes a vote of "no confidence" in the government, the prime minister is bound by convention to resign immediately. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong's choice of replacement prime minister will be dictated by the circumstances. All other ministers shall continue to hold office by the pleasure of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, unless if the appointment of any minister is revoked by his majesty upon the advice of the prime minister. Any minister may resign his office.

Following a resignation in other circumstances, defeat in an election, or the death of a prime minister, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong would generally appoint as the new leader of the governing party or coalition as new Prime Minister.

Malaysia uses first-past-the-post-voting system, which means a party or coalition who gets 112 seats in lower house will lead the government.

Powers

See also: Malaysian federal budget

The power of the prime minister is subject to a number of limitations. Prime ministers removed as leader of his or her party, or whose government loses a vote of no confidence in the House of Representatives, must advise a new election of the lower house or resign the office. The defeat of a supply bill (one that concerns the spending of money) or unable to pass important policy-related legislation is seen to require the resignation of the government or dissolution of Parliament, much like a non-confidence vote, since a government that cannot spend money is hamstrung, also called loss of supply.

The prime minister's party will normally have a majority in the House of Representatives and party discipline is exceptionally strong in Malaysian politics, so passage of the government's legislation through the House of Representatives is mostly a formality.

Under the Constitution, the prime minister's role includes advising the Yang di-Pertuan Agong on:

• the appointment of the federal ministers (full members of cabinet);
• the appointment of the federal deputy ministers, parliamentary secretaries (non-full members of cabinet);
• the appointment of 44 out of 70 Senators in the Dewan Negara;
• the summoning and adjournment of sittings of the Dewan Rakyat;
• the appointment of judges of the superior courts (which are the High Courts, the Court of Appeal, and the Federal Court);
• the appointment of the attorney-general and the auditor-general; and
• the appointment of the chairmen and members of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission, Election Commission, Police Force Commission, Education Service Commission, National Finance Council, and Armed Forces Council;

Under Article 39 of the Constitution, executive authority is vested in the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. However, Article 40(1) states that in most cases, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is bound to exercise his powers on the advice of the Cabinet or a minister acting under the Cabinet's general authority. Thus, most of the day-to-day work of governing is actually done by the prime minister and the Cabinet.

Acting prime minister

From time to time, prime ministers are required to leave the country on business and a deputy is appointed to take their place during that time. In the days before jet aeroplanes, such absences could be for extended periods. However, the position can be fully decided by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the king of Malaysia when the position remains empty following the sudden resignation or death of the prime minister.

Caretaker prime minister

Under Article 55(3) of Constitution of Malaysia, the lower house of Parliament, unless sooner dissolved by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong with his own discretion on the advice of the prime minister, shall continue for five years from the date of its first meeting. Article 55(4) of the Constitution permits a delay of 60 days of general election to be held from the date of dissolution and Parliament shall be summoned to meet on a date not later than 120 days from the date of dissolution. Conventionally, between the dissolution of one Parliament and the convening of the next, the prime minister and the cabinet remain in office in a caretaker capacity.

Interim prime minister

The office of interim prime minister was created by the king before the appointment of the new prime minister during the 2020 Malaysian political crisis. However, caretaker prime minister is mentioned as the cabinet tendered resignation to the king until a new prime minister is appointed.

List of prime ministers of Malaysia

Colour key (for political coalitions/parties):

  Alliance Party (2)   Barisan Nasional (6)   Pakatan Harapan (2)   Perikatan Nasional (1)

Portrait		Prime Minister (Lifespan) Constituency	Term of office			Mandate	Party	Government	Monarch(s)
			Start	Left	Duration
		His Highness Tunku Abdul Rahman تونکو عبد الرحمن‎ (1903–1990) MP for Kuala Kedah	31 August 1957	22 September 1970	13 years, 22 days	1955	Alliance (UMNO)	Rahman I	Abdul Rahman Hisamuddin Putra Ismail Nasiruddin Abdul Halim
						1959		Rahman II
						1964		Rahman III
						1969		Rahman IV
		Tun Haji Abdul Razak Hussein عبد الرزاق حسين‎ (1922–1976) MP for Pekan	22 September 1970	14 January 1976	5 years, 114 days	–	Alliance (UMNO)	Razak I	Abdul Halim Yahya Petra
						1974	BN (UMNO)	Razak II
		Tun Hussein Onn حسين عون‎ (1922–1990) MP for Sri Gading	15 January 1976	16 July 1981	5 years, 182 days	–	BN (UMNO)	Hussein I	Yahya Petra Ahmad Shah
						1978		Hussein II
		Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad محاضير محمد‎ (b. 1925) MP for Kubang Pasu	16 July 1981	30 October 2003	22 years, 106 days	—	BN (UMNO)	Mahathir I	Ahmad Shah Iskandar Azlan Shah Ja'afar Salahuddin Sirajuddin
						1982		Mahathir II
						1986		Mahathir III
						1990		Mahathir IV
						1995		Mahathir V
						1999		Mahathir VI
		Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi عبد الله احمد بدوي‎ (b. 1939) MP for Kepala Batas	31 October 2003	3 April 2009	5 years, 154 days	—	BN (UMNO)	Abdullah I	Sirajuddin Mizan Zainal Abidin
						2004		Abdullah II
						2008		Abdullah III
		Dato' Sri Haji Najib Razak نجيب رزاق‎ (b. 1953) MP for Pekan	3 April 2009	9 May 2018	9 years, 36 days	—	BN (UMNO)	Najib I	Mizan Zainal Abidin Abdul Halim Muhammad V
						2013		Najib II
		Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad محاضير محمد‎ (b. 1925) MP for Langkawi	10 May 2018	24 February 2020	1 year, 290 days	2018	PH (BERSATU)	Mahathir VII	Muhammad V Abdullah
During this interval, incumbent prime minister Mahathir Mohamad was the interim prime minister.									Abdullah
		Tan Sri Dato' Haji Muhyiddin Yassin محيي الدين ياسين‎ (b. 1947) MP for Pagoh	1 March 2020	16 August 2021	1 year, 168 days	—	PN (BERSATU)	Muhyiddin
During this interval, incumbent prime minister Muhyiddin Yassin was the caretaker prime minister.
		Dato' Sri Ismail Sabri Yaakob اسماعيل صبري يعقوب‎ (b. 1960) MP for Bera	21 August 2021	24 November 2022	1 year, 95 days	—	BN (UMNO)	Ismail Sabri
		Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim انور ابراهيم‎‎ (b. 1947) MP for Tambun	24 November 2022	Incumbent	1 year, 158 days	(2022)	PH (PKR)	Anwar

Timeline

List of acting prime ministers of Malaysia

Colour key (for political parties):

  Alliance Party   Barisan Nasional

Portrait		Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Notes	Political Party
		Abdul Razak Hussein (1922–1976)	19 August 1959	19 November 1959	Abdul Razak Hussein was the acting prime minister after the first prime minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman, stepped down as prime minister for three months in 1959 to strengthen his party, the Alliance for the 1959 federal elections after it had lost two states, Kelantan and Terengganu, in the state elections which at that time were held before the federal contest.	Alliance Party (UMNO)
		Ismail Abdul Rahman (1915–1973)	22 September 1970	22 September 1970	Ismail Abdul Rahman occasionally acted as acting prime minister when Tunku Abdul Rahman and Abdul Razak Hussein were on leave for going abroad.
		V. T. Sambanthan (1919–1979)	3 August 1973	13 August 1973	V. T. Sambanthan was called to serve as acting prime minister and chair the cabinet meeting for a day when the former prime minister Abdul Razak Hussein was overseas and his deputy Ismail Abdul Rahman had died.	Alliance Party (MIC)
		Ling Liong Sik (b. 1943)	4 February 1988	16 February 1988	In 1988, when UMNO as the founding member of the Barisan Nasional coalition was declared unlawful and illegal political party, Mahathir Mohamad was disqualified as the Barisan Nasional chairman. Ling Liong Sik became the new chairman of the Barisan Nasional and served as an acting prime minister for a couple of days until the new party, UMNO Baru, was legalised by the Registrar of Societies (ROS).	Barisan Nasional (MCA)
		Anwar Ibrahim (b. 1947)	19 May 1997	19 July 1997	Anwar Ibrahim acted as an acting prime minister for two months started from 19 May 1997 as Mahathir Mohamad was on vacation.	Barisan Nasional (UMNO)

List of interim or caretaker prime ministers of Malaysia

Colour key (for political parties):

  Pakatan Harapan   Perikatan Nasional   Barisan Nasional

Portrait		Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Notes	Political Party
		Mahathir Mohamad (b. 1925)	24 February 2020	1 March 2020	During the 2020 Malaysian political crisis, Mahathir Mohamad had been appointed as the interim prime minister by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong following the abrupt resignation of he himself as the 7th Prime Minister of Malaysia since he won the 14th General Election massively in 2018 while the Yang di-Pertuan Agong decided the appointment of Muhyiddin Yassin as the new 8th Prime Minister of Malaysia few days later. This position does not exist in any part of the laws of Malaysia. However, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong created this position to handle the situation during the crisis, based on his powers provided by the Federal Constitution.	Pakatan Harapan (BERSATU)
		Muhyiddin Yassin (b. 1947)	16 August 2021	21 August 2021	The Yang di-Pertuan Agong appointed him as the caretaker prime minister on 16 August 2021 based on his powers provided by the Federal Constitution. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong then decided to appoint Ismail Sabri as the 9th Prime Minister of Malaysia five days later. This position does not exist in any part of the laws of Malaysia. However, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong created this position to handle the situation during the crisis, based on his powers provided by the Federal Constitution.	Perikatan Nasional (BERSATU)

Portrait	Prime Minister (Lifespan)	Term of office & mandate Duration in years and days			Coalition (Party)		Deputy	Government
	His Highness Tunku Abdul Rahman تونکو عبد الرحمن‎ MP for Kuala Kedah (1903–1990)	31 August 1957	22 September 1970	1955		Alliance (UMNO)	Abdul Razak Hussein	1. Rahman I
				1959				2. Rahman II
				1964				3. Rahman III
				1969				4. Rahman IV
	Tun Haji Abdul Razak Hussein عبد الرزاق حسين‎ MP for Pekan (1922–1976)	22 September 1970	14 January 1976	–		Alliance (UMNO)	Ismail Abdul Rahman Vacant: 2 – 13 August 1973	5. Razak I
				1974		Barisan Nasional (UMNO)	Hussein Onn	6. Razak II
	Tun Hussein Onn حسين عون‎ MP for Sri Gading (1922–1990)	14 January 1976	16 July 1981	–		Barisan Nasional (UMNO)	Mahathir Mohamad	7. Hussein I
				1978				8. Hussein II
	Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad محاضير محمد‎ MP for Kubang Pasu (b. 1925)	16 July 1981	30 October 2003	–		Barisan Nasional (UMNO)	Musa Hitam	9. Mahathir I
				1982			Abdul Ghafar Baba Vacant: 15 Oct – 1 Dec 1993	10. Mahathir II
				1986				11. Mahathir III
				1990			Anwar Ibrahim Vacant: 2 Sept 1998 – 8 Jan 1999	12. Mahathir IV
				1995				13. Mahathir V
				1999			Abdullah Badawi	14. Mahathir VI
	Tun Abdullah Badawi عبدالله بادوي‎ MP for Kepala Batas (b. 1939)	30 October 2003	3 April 2009	–		Barisan Nasional (UMNO)	Vacant after 31 Oct 2003	15. Abdullah I
				2004			Najib Razak	16. Abdullah II
				2008				17. Abdullah III
	Dato' Sri Haji Najib Razak نجيب رزاق‎ MP for Pekan (b. 1953)	3 April 2009	10 May 2018	–		Barisan Nasional (UMNO)	Muhyiddin Yassin (until 29 July 2015)	18. Najib I
				2013			Ahmad Zahid Hamidi (after 29 July 2015)	19. Najib II
	Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad محاضير محمد‎ MP for Langkawi (b. 1925)	10 May 2018	24 February 2020	2018		Pakatan Harapan (BERSATU)	Wan Azizah Wan Ismail	20. Mahathir VII
During this interval, the incumbent Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad was the Interim Prime Minister. (24 February–1 March 2020)
	Tan Sri Dato' Haji Muhyiddin Yassin محيي الدين ياسين‎ MP for Pagoh (b. 1947)	1 March 2020	16 August 2021	–		Perikatan Nasional (BERSATU)	Ismail Sabri Yaakob (7 July – 16 August 2021)	21. Muhyiddin
During this interval, the incumbent Prime Minister, Muhyiddin Yassin was the Caretaker Prime Minister. (16–21 August 2021)
	Dato' Sri Ismail Sabri Yaakob اسماعيل صبري يعقوب‎ MP for Bera (b. 1960)	21 August 2021	24 November 2022	–		Barisan Nasional (UMNO)	Vacant throughout tenure	22. Ismail Sabri
	Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim انور ابراهيم‎‎ MP for Tambun (b. 1947)	24 November 2022	Incumbent	2022		Pakatan Harapan (PKR)	Ahmad Zahid Hamidi Fadillah Yusof	23. Anwar

List 2

Portrait	Prime Minister (Lifespan)	Term of office & mandate Duration in years and days			Coalition (Party)	Government
	His Highness Tunku Abdul Rahman تونکو عبد الرحمن‎ MP for Kuala Kedah (1903–1990)	31 August 1957	22 September 1970	1955	Alliance (UMNO)	1. Rahman I
				1959		2. Rahman II
				1964		3. Rahman III
		13 years and 23 days		1969		4. Rahman IV
	Tun Haji Abdul Razak Hussein عبد الرزاق حسين‎ MP for Pekan (1922–1976)	22 September 1970	14 January 1976	–	Alliance (UMNO)	5. Razak I
				1974	Barisan Nasional (UMNO)	6. Razak II
		5 years and 115 days
	Tun Hussein Onn حسين عون‎ MP for Sri Gading (1922–1990)	14 January 1976	16 July 1981	–	Barisan Nasional (UMNO)	7. Hussein I
				1978		8. Hussein II
		5 years and 184 days
	Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad محاضير محمد‎ MP for Kubang Pasu (b. 1925)	16 July 1981	30 October 2003	–	Barisan Nasional (UMNO)	9. Mahathir I
				1982		10. Mahathir II
				1986		11. Mahathir III
				1990		12. Mahathir IV
				1995		13. Mahathir V
				1999		14. Mahathir VI
		22 years and 107 days
	Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi عبد الله احمد بدوي‎ MP for Kepala Batas (b. 1939)	30 October 2003	3 April 2009	–	Barisan Nasional (UMNO)	15. Abdullah I
				2004		16. Abdullah II
				2008		17. Abdullah III
		5 years and 155 days
	Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad محاضير محمد‎ MP for Kubang Pasu (b. 1925)	3 April 2009	10 May 2018	–	Barisan Nasional (UMNO)	18. Najib I
				2013		19. Najib II
		9 years and 37 days
	Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad محاضير محمد‎ MP for Langkawi (b. 1925)	10 May 2018	24 February 2020	2018	Pakatan Harapan (BERSATU)	20. Mahathir VII
		1 year and 291 days
During this interval, the incumbent Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad was the Interim Prime Minister. (24 February–1 March 2020)
	Tan Sri Dato' Haji Muhyiddin Yassin محيي الدين ياسين‎ MP for Pagoh (b. 1947)	1 March 2020	16 August 2021	–	Perikatan Nasional (BERSATU)	21. Muhyiddin
		1 year and 169 days
During this interval, the incumbent Prime Minister, Muhyiddin Yassin was the Caretaker Prime Minister. (16–21 August 2021)
	YB Dato' Sri Ismail Sabri Yaakob اسماعيل صبري يعقوب‎ MP for Bera (b. 1960)	21 August 2021	24 November 2022	–	Barisan Nasional (UMNO)	22. Ismail Sabri
		1 year and 96 days
	YAB Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim انور ابراهيم‎‎ MP for Tambun (b. 1947)	24 November 2022	Incumbent	2022	Pakatan Harapan (PKR)	23. Anwar
		1 year and 159 days

Portrait		Prime Minister (Lifespan)	Term of office & mandate Duration in years and days			Coalition (Party)	Government	Monarch
Chief minister (1955–1957)
		His Highness Tunku Abdul Rahman تونکو عبد الرحمن‎ MLC for Sungei Muda (1903–1990)	1 August 1955	30 August 1957	1955	Alliance (UMNO)	1. Rahman I	Elizabeth II (1955–1957)
			2 years and 30 days
Prime Minister (1957–present)
		His Highness Tunku Abdul Rahman تونکو عبد الرحمن‎ MP for Kuala Kedah (1903–1990)	31 August 1957	22 September 1970	–	Alliance (UMNO)	2. Rahman II	Abdul Rahman (1957–1960)
					1959		3. Rahman III	Hisamuddin (1960)
					1964			Putra (1960–1965)
					1969		4. Rahman IV	Ismail Nasiruddin (1965–1970)
			13 years and 23 days					Abdul Halim (1970–1975)
		Tun Haji Abdul Razak Hussein عبد الرزاق حسين‎ MP for Pekan (1922–1976)	22 September 1970	14 January 1976	–	Alliance (UMNO)	5. Razak I
					1974	Barisan Nasional (UMNO)	6. Razak II
			5 years and 115 days					Yahya Petra (1975–1979)
		Tun Hussein Onn حسين عون‎ MP for Sri Gading (1922–1990)	14 January 1976	16 July 1981	–	Barisan Nasional (UMNO)	7. Hussein I
					1978		8. Hussein II
			5 years and 184 days					Ahmad Shah (1979–1984)
		Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad محاضير محمد‎ MP for Kubang Pasu (b. 1925)	16 July 1981	30 October 2003	–	Barisan Nasional (UMNO)	9. Mahathir I
					1982		10. Mahathir II	Iskandar (1984–1989)
					1986		11. Mahathir III
					1990		12. Mahathir IV	Azlan Shah (1989–1994)
					1995		13. Mahathir V	Ja'afar (1994–1999)
					1999		14. Mahathir VI	Salahuddin (1999–2001)
			22 years and 107 days					Sirajuddin (2001–2006)
		Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi عبد الله احمد بدوي‎ MP for Kepala Batas (b. 1939)	30 October 2003	3 April 2009	–	Barisan Nasional (UMNO)	15. Abdullah I
					2004		16. Abdullah II
					2008		17. Abdullah III	Mizan Zainal Abidin (2006–2011)
			5 years and 155 days
		Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad محاضير محمد‎ MP for Kubang Pasu (b. 1925)	3 April 2009	10 May 2018	–	Barisan Nasional (UMNO)	18. Najib I
					2013		19. Najib II	Abdul Halim (2011–2016)
			9 years and 37 days					Muhammad V (2016–2019)
		Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad محاضير محمد‎ MP for Langkawi (b. 1925)	10 May 2018	24 February 2020	2018	Pakatan Harapan (BERSATU)	20. Mahathir VII
			1 year and 291 days					Abdullah (since 2019)
During this interval, the incumbent Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad was the Interim Prime Minister. (24 February–1 March 2020)
		Tan Sri Dato' Haji Muhyiddin Yassin محيي الدين ياسين‎ MP for Pagoh (b. 1947)	1 March 2020	16 August 2021	–	Perikatan Nasional (BERSATU)	21. Muhyiddin
			1 year and 169 days
During this interval, the incumbent Prime Minister, Muhyiddin Yassin was the Caretaker Prime Minister. (16–21 August 2021)
		YB Dato' Sri Ismail Sabri Yaakob اسماعيل صبري يعقوب‎ MP for Bera (b. 1960)	21 August 2021	24 November 2022	–	Barisan Nasional (UMNO)	22. Ismail Sabri
			1 year and 96 days
		YAB Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim انور ابراهيم‎‎ MP for Tambun (b. 1947)	24 November 2022	Incumbent	2022	Pakatan Harapan (PKR)	23. Anwar
			1 year and 159 days

Test

Colour key (for political coalitions/parties):
  Alliance Party (2)   Barisan Nasional (6)   Pakatan Harapan (2)   Perikatan Nasional (1)