User:Mr. Ibrahem/Zopiclone
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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | zoe-PIK-lone |
| Trade names | Imovane, Zimovane, Dopareel, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| Pregnancy category |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth (tablet, 3.75 mg or 7.5mg (UK), 5 mg, 7.5 mg, or 10 mg (JP) |
| Drug class | Z-drug |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 75-80%[2] |
| Protein binding | 52–59% |
| Metabolism | Liver through CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 |
| Elimination half-life | ~5 hours (3.5–6.5 hours) ~7–9 hours for age 65+ |
| Excretion | Urine (80%) |
| Identifiers | |
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| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C17H17ClN6O3 |
| Molar mass | 388.81 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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Zopiclone, sold under the brand name Imovane among others, is a medication used to treat difficulty sleeping.[3] Zopiclone is only recommended for short-term use, usually no more than a week or two.[4] It is taken by mouth.[5]
Side effects include decreased cognitive function, the body becoming accustomed to the effects (tolerance), rapid return of trouble sleeping when stopped, falls, and addiction.[3] Other side effects include a dry mouth and behavioral changes.[5] Use is not recommended in people with significant sleep apnea.[5] Withdrawal symptoms may occur if rapidly stopped.[5] Use is not recommended during pregnancy, specifically late pregnacy as such use may result in problems in the baby at birth.[5] Use is also not recommended when breastfeeding.[5] Zopiclone is a sedative and Z-drug.[4] It works via the benzodiazepine receptor.[6]
Zopiclone was developed in 1985.[6] It became commercially avaliable in Canada in 1990.[7] In the United Kingdom it is avaliable as a generic medication and a months supply costs the NHS about a pound as of 2020.[5] In the United States, zopiclone is not commercially available, although eszopiclone.[8] Zopiclone is a controlled substance in the United States and the United Kingdom.[8][5]
References[edit]
- ^ Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice (April 2005). "Schedules of controlled substances: placement of zopiclone into schedule IV. Final rule" (PDF). Fed Regist. 70 (63): 16935–16937. PMID 15806735. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2009-05-06. Retrieved 2009-08-18.
- ^ "Assessment of Zopiclone" (PDF). World Health Organization. Essential Medicines and Health Products. World Health Organization. 2006. p. 9 (Section 5. Pharmacokinetics). Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 5 December 2015.
- ^ a b Atkin, Tobias; Comai, Stefano; Gobbi, Gabriella (April 2018). "Drugs for Insomnia beyond Benzodiazepines: Pharmacology, Clinical Applications, and Discovery". Pharmacological Reviews. 70 (2): 197–245. doi:10.1124/pr.117.014381. PMID 29487083.
- ^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2012-07-13. Retrieved 2012-05-11.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h BNF 79 : March 2020. London: Royal Pharmaceutical Society. 2020. p. 504. ISBN 9780857113658.
- ^ a b Ravina, Enrique (2011). The Evolution of Drug Discovery: From Traditional Medicines to Modern Drugs. John Wiley & Sons. p. 68. ISBN 978-3-527-32669-3. Archived from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ^ Holbrook, AM; Crowther, R; Lotter, A; Cheng, C; King, D (25 January 2000). "Meta-analysis of benzodiazepine use in the treatment of insomnia". CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne. 162 (2): 225–33. PMID 10674059.
{{cite journal}}: Missing pipe in:|journal=(help) - ^ a b "Zopiclone consumer information from". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2013-06-06.