User:Mr. Ibrahem/Thrombocytopenia
| Thrombocytopenia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Thrombocytopaenia, thrombopenia |
 | |
| Blood under a microscope showing thrombocytopenia | |
| Pronunciation |
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| Specialty | Hematology |
| Symptoms | Purple bruises, small red dots in the skin, bleeding gums[1] |
| Causes | Bone marrow not making enough, increased destruction, spleen holding too many[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Platelets < 150 x 109/L[2] |
| Treatment | None, immunosuppressants, platelet transfusion, surgical removal of the spleen[1] |
| Frequency | Relatively common[3] |
Thrombocytopenia is a low levels of platelets (thrombocytes) in the blood.[1] Symptoms may include bleeding, including within the body, into the skin, or externally such as from the gums.[1] Bleeding into the skin may result in purpura (purple bruises) or petechiae (small red dots).[1]
Low platelets may occur due to insufficient production, increased destruction, or the spleen holding on to too many.[1] Insufficient production may occur due to leukemia, aplastic anemia, certain chemicals or medications, alcohol, viral infections, and genetic conditions.[1] Increased destruction may occur due to immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), certain medications, infections, surgery, pregnancy, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).[1] The spleen may hold on to too many when it is enlarged.[1] In adults there are normally 150 to 450 x 109 platelets per L (150,000 to 450,000 per mm3) of blood with values below that defined as thrombocytopenia.[2]
Treatment depends on the cause.[1] Mild cases may not require specific treatment.[1] In severe disease corticosteroids, rituximab, or eltrombopag may be used.[1] When platelets are below 20 x 109 per L a platelet transfusion may be recommended.[2] Surgical removal of the spleen may be used if medications are not effective.[1] The condition is relatively common, with about half of people in the intensive care unit having the condition.[3]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Thrombocytopenia". www.nhlbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
- ^ a b c Deutschman, Clifford S.; Neligan, Patrick J. (2010). Evidence-based Practice of Critical Care. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-1416054764. Retrieved 2015-04-30.
- ^ a b Lee, EJ; Lee, AI (December 2016). "Thrombocytopenia". Primary care. 43 (4): 543–557. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2016.07.008. PMID 27866576.