User:Mr. Ibrahem/Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2
| Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2 | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Herpes zoster oticus |
 | |
| Drawing of blisters in the ear with facial weakness | |
| Specialty | ENT surgery |
| Symptoms | One sided facial paralysis, ear pain, small blisters near or in the external ear canal[1] |
| Complications | Postherpetic neuralgia[1] |
| Usual onset | >60 years[2] |
| Causes | Varicella zoster virus |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Bell palsy, stroke[1] |
| Prevention | Shingles vaccine[1] |
| Treatment | Valacyclovir, prednisone, eye protection[1] |
| Prognosis | 70% mostly recover[1] |
| Frequency | 5 per 100,000 per year[1] |
Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2, also known as herpes zoster oticus, typically presents with one sided facial paralysis, ear pain, and small blisters near or in the external ear canal.[1] In some, no or only blisters in the mouth occur.[1][2] This may be preceded by tiredness and fever.[1] Other symptoms may include dry eye, change in taste, trouble speaking, world spinning, or hearing loss.[1]
It is caused by a reactivation of varicella zoster virus (chickenpox) in the geniculate ganglion, a nerve cell bundle of the facial nerve.[1] Triggers may include physiological stress or an immunocompromised state.[1] Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms; though testing the blisters may be supportive.[1] It is a type of shingles.[1]
Treatment generally includes valacyclovir and prednisone.[1] Efforts to protect the eye from drying out include using eye lubricant during the day and taping the eye closed at night.[1] The shingles vaccine may help prevent the condition.[1] About 70% of people regain near normal facial function, though recovery may require months.[1] Other complications may include postherpetic neuralgia.[1]
Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2 affects about 5 per 100,000 people per year.[1] While it occurs most commonly in peoples 70s and 80s, any age can be affected.[1] The condition was first described in 1907 by James Ramsay Hunt, after who it is named.[3][4]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Crouch, AE; Hohman, MH; Andaloro, C (January 2022). "Ramsay Hunt Syndrome". PMID 32491341.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b Dorsch, JN (March 2014). "Neurologic syndromes of the head and neck". Primary care. 41 (1): 133–49. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.012. PMID 24439887.
- ^ "Ramsay Hunt's syndrome II". www.whonamedit.com. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ^ Ramsay Hunt, J.R. (1907). "On herpetic inflammations of the geniculate ganglion: a new syndrome and its complications". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 34 (2): 73–96. doi:10.1097/00005053-190702000-00001. Archived from the original on 2019-12-13. Retrieved 2021-08-11.