User:Mr. Ibrahem/Rabies vaccine
 Rabies (RABIPUR) vaccine | |
| Vaccine description | |
|---|---|
| Target | Rabies |
| Vaccine type | Inactivated |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | RabAvert, Rabipur, Rabivax, others |
| Other names | Rabies virus inactivated antigen |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a607023 |
| License data | |
| Pregnancy category |
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| Routes of administration | Intramuscular injection |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
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  (what is this?) (verify) | |
Rabies vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent rabies.[2] It is used in high risk groups before exposure to rabies virus, and can be used if an unvaccinated person comes into contact with the rabies virus.[2][3] Doses are usually given by injection into muscle.[2] The immunity that develops is long lasting after a full course.[2] Spread of rabies to humans can also be prevented by vaccinating dogs.[2]
It is recommended for people at high risk of coming into contact with rabies, when it is given as a course of 3 doses at 0, 7, and 21 or 28 days.[3] A blood test every 6 to 24 months can check immunity.[3] After exposure to the virus such as from a dog or bat bite, the vaccine can be given as a course of 4 doses at 0, 3, 7 and 14 days, along with rabies immunoglobulin.[2][3] People with a weakened immune system may require an additional dose at 28 days.[3]
There are a number of vaccines available that are both safe and effective.[2] Rabies vaccines may be safely used in all age groups.[2] About 35 to 45 percent of people develop a brief period of redness and pain at the injection site.[2] About 5 to 15 percent of people may have fever, headaches, or nausea.[2] After exposure to rabies there is no contraindication to its use.[2] Most vaccines do not contain thimerosal.[2] Given in pregnancy, it is not known to harm the baby.[4]
The first rabies vaccine was introduced in 1885, and was followed by an improved version in 1908.[5] Millions of people globally have been vaccinated and it is estimated that this saves more than 250,000 people a year.[2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[6] The wholesale cost in the developing world is between US$44 and US$78 for a course of treatment as of 2014.[7] In the United States a course of rabies vaccine is more than US$750.[8] In the United Kingdom it costs around £120 for a course of treatment as of 2021.[4]
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Rabies vaccine, human diploid cell (Imovax Rabies) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 22 November 2019. Archived from the original on 29 December 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m World Health Organization (2018). "Rabies vaccines: WHO position paper – April 2018". Weekly Epidemiological Record. 93 (16): 201–19. hdl:10665/272372.
- Lay summary in: https://www.who.int/immunization/policy/position_papers/pp_rabies_summary_2018.pdf?ua=1.
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- Lay summary in: https://www.who.int/immunization/policy/position_papers/pp_rabies_summary_2018.pdf?ua=1.
- ^ a b c d e Lampiris, Harry W.; maddix, Daniel S. (2020). "Appendix: Vaccines, immune globulins, and other complex biologic products". In Katzung, Bertram G.; Trevor, Anthony J. (eds.). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (15th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 1229. ISBN 978-1-260-45231-0. Archived from the original on 2021-10-10. Retrieved 2021-12-28.
- ^ a b "14. Vaccines". British National Formulary (BNF) (82 ed.). London: BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press. September 2021 – March 2022. pp. 1369–1392. ISBN 978-0-85711-413-6.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link) - ^ Nunnally, Brian (2014). Vaccine Analysis: Strategies, Principles, and Control. Springer. p. 63. ISBN 9783662450246. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05.
- ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ^ "Vaccine, Rabies". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
- ^ Shlim, David (June 24, 2019). "Perspectives: Intradermal Rabies Preexposure Immunization". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 26 December 2019.