User:Mr. Ibrahem/Mouth ulcer
| Mouth ulcer | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Oral ulcer, mucosal ulcer, aphthae[1] |
 | |
| A mouth ulcer in the lower lip due to aphthous stomatitis. | |
| Specialty | Oral medicine |
| Complications | Dehydration[2] |
| Types | Acute, chronic[1] |
| Causes | Local trauma, aphthous stomatitis, herpes, medications, lupus, syphilis, neutropenia, mouth cancer[1] |
| Risk factors | Dry mouth, tobacco use[2] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms, examination, biospy[1] |
| Treatment | Based on underlying cause[2] |
| Medication | Lidocaine applications[2] |
| Frequency | Common[3] |
A mouth ulcer is a sore in the mucous membrane which lines the mouth.[2] They may appear red or white in color.[2] Often pain occurs which may result in dehydration from decreased drinking.[2] Some types may occur recurrently.[4]
Most cases are due to local trauma or aphthous stomatitis ("canker sores").[1] Other causes include infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and mouth cancer.[1] Non painful cases may occur due to syphilis, lupus, or cancer.[1] Diagnosis is based on symptoms, examination, and possibly biospy.[1]
Treatment is directed at the underlying cause.[2] Avoiding salty or acidic food may be recommended.[2] Lidocaine may be applied to help with pain.[2] Mouth ulcers are common.[3] For example about 20% of people have aphthous stomatitis.[3]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h Lehman, JS; Rogers RS, 3rd (July 2016). "Acute oral ulcers". Clinics in dermatology. 34 (4): 470–4. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.019. PMID 27343961.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Mouth Sores and Inflammation - Mouth and Dental Disorders". Merck Manuals Consumer Version. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ a b c Bruce, AJ; Dabade, TS; Burkemper, NM (February 2015). "Diagnosing oral ulcers". JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants. 28 (2): 1–10. doi:10.1097/01.JAA.0000459826.63026.67. PMID 25621959.
- ^ Fitzpatrick, SG; Cohen, DM; Clark, AN (March 2019). "Ulcerated Lesions of the Oral Mucosa: Clinical and Histologic Review". Head and neck pathology. 13 (1): 91–102. doi:10.1007/s12105-018-0981-8. PMID 30701449.