User:Mr. Ibrahem/Mesothelioma
| Mesothelioma | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Malignant mesothelioma |
 | |
| CT scan showing a left sided mesothelioma with an enlarged mediastinal lymph node | |
| Specialty | Oncology |
| Symptoms | Shortness of breath, swollen abdomen, chest wall pain, cough, feeling tired, weight loss[1] |
| Complications | Fluid around the lung[1] |
| Usual onset | Gradual onset[2] |
| Causes | ~ 40 years after exposure to asbestos[3] |
| Risk factors | Genetics, infection with simian virus 40[3] |
| Diagnostic method | Medical imaging, examining fluid produced by the cancer, tissue biopsy[2] |
| Prevention | Decreased asbestos exposure[4] |
| Treatment | Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, pleurodesis[5] |
| Prognosis | Five year survival ~8% (US)[6] |
| Frequency | 60,800 (affected during 2015)[7] |
| Deaths | 32,400 (2015)[8] |
Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that develops from the thin layer of tissue that covers many of the internal organs (known as the mesothelium).[9] The most common area affected is the lining of the lungs and chest wall.[1][3] Less commonly the lining of the abdomen and rarely the sac surrounding the heart,[10] or the sac surrounding the testis may be affected.[1][11] Signs and symptoms of mesothelioma may include shortness of breath due to fluid around the lung, a swollen abdomen, chest wall pain, cough, feeling tired, and weight loss.[1] These symptoms typically come on slowly.[2]
More than 80% of mesothelioma cases are caused by exposure to asbestos.[3] The greater the exposure the greater the risk.[3] As of 2013, about 125 million people worldwide have been exposed to asbestos at work.[12] High rates of disease occur in people who mine asbestos, produce products from asbestos, work with asbestos products, live with asbestos workers, or work in buildings containing asbestos.[3] Asbestos exposure and the onset of cancer are generally separated by about 40 years.[3] Washing the clothing of someone who worked with asbestos also increases the risk.[12] Other risk factors include genetics and infection with the simian virus 40.[3] The diagnosis may be suspected based on chest X-ray and CT scan findings, and is confirmed by either examining fluid produced by the cancer or by a tissue biopsy of the cancer.[2]
Prevention centers around reducing exposure to asbestos.[4] Treatment often includes surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.[5] A procedure known as pleurodesis, which involves using substances such as talc to scar together the pleura, may be used to prevent more fluid from building up around the lungs.[5] Chemotherapy often includes the medications cisplatin and pemetrexed.[2] The percentage of people that survive five years following diagnosis is on average 8% in the United States.[6]
In 2015, about 60,800 people had mesothelioma, and 32,000 died from the disease.[7][8] Rates of mesothelioma vary in different areas of the world.[3] Rates are higher in Australia, the United Kingdom, and lower in Japan.[3] It occurs in about 3,000 people per year in the United States.[13] It occurs more often in males than females.[3] Rates of disease have increased since the 1950s.[3] Diagnosis typically occurs after the age of 65 and most deaths occur around 70 years old.[3] The disease was rare before the commercial use of asbestos.[3]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e "Malignant Mesothelioma Treatment–Patient Version (PDQ®)". NCI. September 4, 2015. Archived from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
- ^ a b c d e Kondola, S; Manners, D; Nowak, AK (12 February 2016). "Malignant pleural mesothelioma: an update on diagnosis and treatment options". Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease. 10 (3): 275–88. doi:10.1177/1753465816628800. PMC 5933604. PMID 26873306.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Robinson, BM (November 2012). "Malignant pleural mesothelioma: an epidemiological perspective". Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery. 1 (4): 491–6. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2225-319X.2012.11.04. PMC 3741803. PMID 23977542.
- ^ a b Whittemore, Alice S. (2006). Cancer epidemiology and prevention (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 669. ISBN 9780199747979. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2020-07-25.
- ^ a b c "Malignant Mesothelioma Treatment–Patient Version (PDQ®)". NCI. September 4, 2015. Archived from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
- ^ a b "Age-Adjusted SEER Incidence and U.S. Death Rates and 5-Year Relative Survival (Percent) By Primary Cancer Site, Sex and Time Period" (PDF). NCI. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
- ^ a b GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
{{cite journal}}:|first1=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
{{cite journal}}:|first1=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Malignant Mesothelioma—Patient Version". NCI. January 1980. Archived from the original on 6 April 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
- ^ Sardar, MR; Kuntz, C; Patel, T; Saeed, W; Gnall, E; Imaizumi, S; Lande, L (2012). "Primary pericardial mesothelioma unique case and literature review". Texas Heart Institute Journal / From the Texas Heart Institute of St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital. 39 (2): 261–4. PMC 3384041. PMID 22740748.
- ^ Panou, V; Vyberg, M; Weinreich, UM; Meristoudis, C; Falkmer, UG; Røe, OD (June 2015). "The established and future biomarkers of malignant pleural mesothelioma". Cancer Treatment Reviews. 41 (6): 486–95. doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.05.001. PMID 25979846.
- ^ a b Gulati, M; Redlich, CA (March 2015). "Asbestosis and environmental causes of usual interstitial pneumonia". Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 21 (2): 193–200. doi:10.1097/MCP.0000000000000144. PMC 4472384. PMID 25621562.
- ^ "What are the key statistics about malignant mesothelioma?". American Cancer Society. 2016-02-17. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016.