User:Mr. Ibrahem/Membranous nephropathy
| Mr. Ibrahem/Membranous nephropathy | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Membranous glomerulonephritis[1] |
 | |
| Micrograph of membranous nephropathy showing prominent glomerular basement membrane spikes. Jones' stain. | |
| Specialty | Nephrology |
| Symptoms | Foamy urine, swelling[1][2] |
| Complications | Kidney failure, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, blood clots[1][2] |
| Usual onset | 40 to 60 years old[2] |
| Types | Stage 1 to 4[2] |
| Causes | Unknown, lupus, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cancer[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Confirmed by kidney biopsy[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, minimal change disease[2] |
| Treatment | Corticosteroids, ACE inhibitors, ARBs [1] |
| Frequency | 1 in 100,000 people per year[2] |
Membranous nephropathy, previously known as membranous glomerulonephritis, is a form of kidney disease that results in foamy urine and swelling.[1][2] Over decades kidney failure occurs in about 30%.[1] Other complications may include high blood pressure, high cholesterol and blood clots.[1][2]
In 75% of cases the cause is unknown while in the other 25% of cases it occur as a result of lupus, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, certain medications, or cancer.[1] The underlying mechanism involves the build up of IgG and complement C3 in the kidney.[1] It is a type of glomerular disease.[2] Diagnosis may be suspected based on a large amount of protein in the urine and confirmed by kidney biopsy.[1]
How to best treat the condition is unclear.[1] Corticosteroids, ACE inhibitors, or ARBs may be used.[1] Other recommended measures may include a low salt diet or blood thinners.[2] About 20% of people recover without treatment.[1] Dialysis or a kidney transplant may be required in those who developed kidney failure.[2]
Membranous nephropathy newly affects about 1 in 100,000 people per year.[2] Onset is most common between the ages of 40 and 60.[2] Males are more commonly affected than females.[2] It is the second most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults, after diabetic nephropathy.[1] The condition was initially described by Bell in 1946.[3]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Glomerular Diseases | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Alok, A; Yadav, A (January 2020). "Membranous Nephropathy". PMID 32644595.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Liu, Wenbin; Gao, Chang; Dai, Haoran; Zheng, Yang; Dong, Zhaocheng; Gao, Yu; Liu, Fei; Zhang, Zihan; Liu, Zhiyuan; Liu, Weijing; Liu, Baoli; Liu, Qingquan; Shi, Jialan (6 August 2019). "Immunological Pathogenesis of Membranous Nephropathy: Focus on PLA2R1 and Its Role". Frontiers in Immunology. 10: 1809. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01809.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)