User:Mr. Ibrahem/Ingrown nail
| Ingrown nail | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Unguis incarnatus, onychocryptosis, ingrown toenail[1] |
 | |
| An ingrown toenail on the large toe of the right foot | |
| Specialty | Emergency medicine |
| Symptoms | Pain, swelling, redness[2] |
| Complications | Infection of the nail fold[2] |
| Causes | Improper cutting of the nails[2] |
| Risk factors | Tight shows, excessive sweating, injury, certain medications[2] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms[2] |
| Differential diagnosis | Subungual exostosis, nail tumor[2] |
| Treatment | Warm water soaks, wider shoes, minor procedures[3][2] |
| Frequency | 2.5% to 5% of people[2] |
An ingrown nail is a nail disease in which the nail grows into the toe or finger.[3] Symptoms include pain, swelling, and redness.[2] More severe cases may present with skin breakdown, purulent drainage, and increased tissue build up.[2] The big toe is most commonly involved.[2] Complications can include infection of the nail fold.[2]
The most common cause is improper cutting of the nails.[2] Other risk factors include tight shows, excessive sweating, injury, and certain medications such as cetuximab.[2] The underlying mechanism involves the edge of the nail growing into the skin of the toe resulting in inflammation and infection.[2] Diagnosis is based on symptoms.[2]
Treatments may include warm water soaks, wider shoes, and not cutting the nail short.[3] Paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen may be used to help with the pain.[3] A number of efforts such as placing a cotton wick under the corner or the nail or inserting a gutter splint around the nail edge may be used.[2] A number of surgical procedures can also be done, such as a wedge resection or removal of the surrounding skin.[2]
Ingrown toenails are common, affecting about 2.5% to 5% of people.[2] Older children and younger adults are most commonly affected.[2] Males are twice as frequently affected as females.[2] Re-occurrence can occur.[2]
References[edit]
- ^ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2002). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (10th ed.). Saunders. p. 789. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Chabchoub, I; Litaiem, N (January 2020). "Ingrown Toenails". PMID 31536303.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d "Ingrown toenail". nhs.uk. 3 October 2018. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.