User:Mr. Ibrahem/Hydrocortisone

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Mr. Ibrahem/Hydrocortisone
Clinical data
Trade namesA-hydrocort, Cortef, Solu-cortef, others[1]
Other namesCortisol; 11β,17α,21-Trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione
AHFS/Drugs.comSystemic: Monograph
Topical: Monograph
Eye and ear: Monograph
MedlinePlusa682206
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: A
Routes of
administration		By mouth (tablets), intravenous, topical, rectal
Drug classCorticosteroid; glucocorticoid; mineralocorticoid
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only) For oral use. S3(Pharmacist only medication) for 1% topical preparations. S2(Pharmacy medicine) for 0.5% topical preparations.
  • UK: POM; OTC for topical administration;
  • US: OTC for topical administration; Rx-only for tablets by mouth, rectal use and intravenous therapy
Identifiers
  • (8S,9S,10R,11S,13S,14S,17R)-11,17-Dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC21H30O5
Molar mass362.466 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C4\C=C2/[C@]([C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@]3([C@@](O)(C(=O)CO)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC2)C)(C)CC4
  • InChI=1S/C21H30O5/c1-19-7-5-13(23)9-12(19)3-4-14-15-6-8-21(26,17(25)11-22)20(15,2)10-16(24)18(14)19/h9,14-16,18,22,24,26H,3-8,10-11H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,18+,19-,20-,21-/m0/s1 checkY
  • Key:JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Hydrocortisone is the name for the hormone cortisol when supplied as a medication.[4] Uses include conditions such as adrenocortical insufficiency, adrenogenital syndrome, high blood calcium, thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, asthma, and COPD.[1] It is the treatment of choice for adrenocortical insufficiency.[5] It can be given by mouth, topically, or by injection.[1] Stopping treatment after long-term use should be done slowly.[1]

Side effects may include mood changes, increased risk of infection, and swelling.[1] With long-term use common side effects include osteoporosis, upset stomach, physical weakness, easy bruising, and yeast infections.[1] While used, it is unclear if it is safe during pregnancy.[6] Hydrocortisone is a glucocorticoid and works as an anti-inflammatory and by immune suppression.[1]

Hydrocortisone was patented in 1936 and approved for medical use in 1941.[7][8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[9] It is available as a generic medication.[1] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.27 per day as of 2014 for the form taken by mouth.[10] In the United States, it costs less than US$25 for a typical month of treatment.[5] In 2017, it was the 154th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than four million prescriptions.[11][12]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Hydrocortisone". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. February 9, 2015. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
  2. ^ "HYDROCORTISONE injectable - Essential drugs". medicalguidelines.msf.org. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  3. ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  4. ^ Becker, Kenneth L. (2001). Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 762. ISBN 9780781717502. Archived from the original on 2016-09-14.
  5. ^ a b Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 202. ISBN 9781284057560.
  6. ^ "Hydrocortisone Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  7. ^ U.S. patent 2,183,589
  8. ^ Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 484. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 2019-03-02. Retrieved 2019-03-01.
  9. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  10. ^ "Hydrocortisone". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 27 August 2018. Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  11. ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  12. ^ "Hydrocortisone - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
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