User:Mr. Ibrahem/Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
| Mr. Ibrahem/Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Nephropathia epidemica, Korean hemorrhagic fever, epidemic hemorrhagic fever[1] |
 | |
| Striped field mouse may spread the hantaviruses that cause HFRS[1] | |
| Specialty | Infectious disease |
| Symptoms | Headache, abdominal pain, fever, nausea, blurred vision, rash[1] |
| Complications | Low blood pressure, kidney failure[1] |
| Usual onset | 1 to 2 weeks after exposure[1] |
| Duration | Weeks to months[1] |
| Causes | Certain hantaviruses spread by rodents[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Blood tests[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Yellow fever, Ebola, sepsis, Dengue, leptospirosis[2] |
| Prevention | Rodent control[1] |
| Treatment | Supportive care[1] |
| Medication | Ribavirin[1] |
| Prognosis | 1 to 15% risk of death[1] |
| Frequency | ~100,000 cases per year[2] |
Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a group of similar illnesses caused by certain hantavirus infections.[1] Initial symptoms generally include headache, abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and blurred vision.[1] Later low blood pressure, kidney failure, and bleeding may occur.[1][2] Onset of initial symptoms is generally 1 to 2 weeks following exposure.[1]
Specifically it is cause by orthohantavirus of the Bunyavirales type.[1] This includes Hantaan orthohantavirus, Dobrava-Belgrade orthohantavirus, Saaremaa virus, Seoul orthohantavirus, and Puumala orthohantavirus.[1] The disease is typically spread when people breath in air contaminated by rodent droppings.[1] Spread between people is very rare.[1] Diagnosis is generally by blood tests.[1] The hantaviruses in the Americas generally result in hantavirus pulmonary syndrome instead.[2]
Prevention is by rodent control.[1] Treatment is primarily supportive care and may include oxygen therapy or dialysis.[1] Ribavirin may be useful if used early.[1] NSAIDs should not be used due to concerns regarding the kidneys.[2] Depending on the virus involved, the risk of death is 1% to 15%.[1] Recovery can take weeks to months; however, people usually recovery fully.[1][2]
About 60,000 to 150,000 cases occur a year.[2] It occurs primarily in Asia and Europe with China and Russia having the most cases.[1][2] In a number of regions males are more commonly affected than females, which is attributed to greater time outdoors.[2] The first clear descriptions of the disease date from the 1930s.[3] The underlying cause was found in 1978.[4]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa "CDC - Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) - Hantavirus". www.cdc.gov. 22 February 2019. Archived from the original on 16 November 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Romero, MG; Anjum, F (January 2021). "Hemorrhagic Fever Renal Syndrome". PMID 32809495.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Emerging Infectious Diseases. National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2010. p. 1195. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2021-03-29.
- ^ Schmaljohn, C.; Nichol, S. T. (2000). Hantaviruses. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 92. ISBN 978-3-642-56753-7. Archived from the original on 2021-08-28. Retrieved 2021-03-29.