User:Mr. Ibrahem/Flunitrazepam

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Mr. Ibrahem/Flunitrazepam
Clinical data
Pronunciation/ˌfluːnɪˈtræzɪpæm/
Trade namesRohypnol, others[1]
Other namesCircles, Forget Me Pill, La Rocha, Lunch Money Drug, Mexican Valium[2]
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: C
Addiction
liability		High[3]
Routes of
administration		By mouth
Drug classBenzodiazepine[3]
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability64–77% (by mouth)
50% (suppository)
MetabolismLiver
Metabolites7-aminoflunitrazepam, desmethylflunitrazepam and 3-hydroxydesmethylflunitrazepam
Onset of actionRapid[3]
Elimination half-life18–26 hours
ExcretionKidney
Identifiers
  • 5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-7-nitro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-one
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC16H12FN3O3
Molar mass313.288 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • [O-][N+](C1=CC2=C(C=C1)N(C)C(CN=C2C3=CC=CC=C3F)=O)=O
  • InChI=1S/C16H12FN3O3/c1-19-14-7-6-10(20(22)23)8-12(14)16(18-9-15(19)21)11-4-2-3-5-13(11)17/h2-8H,9H2,1H3 checkY
  • Key:PPTYJKAXVCCBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Flunitrazepam, also known as Rohypnol among other names, is a benzodiazepine which has been used to treat trouble sleeping and to assist with anesthesia.[3][4] It is not an initially recommended treatment and is only recommended for short-term use.[3][5]

Side effects include a risk of abuse, night time eating, confusion, and withdrawal symptoms if stopped suddenly after long term use.[3][6][7] In high doses decreased efforts to breath and death may result.[7] After prolonged use the medication needs to be slowly stopped.[7]

Flunitrazepam was patented in 1962 and came into medical use in 1974.[8] It not legally available in the United States, Australia, and New Zealand and is restricted in parts of Europe.[6] It has been referred to as a date rape drug,[9][10] though the percentage of reported rape cases in which it is involved is small.[11]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Drugs.com International brands for Flunitrazepam Archived September 18, 2020, at the Wayback Machine Page accessed April 13, 2016
  2. ^ "Rohypnol" (PDF). DEA. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Prescribing of Benzodiazepines Alprazolam and Flunitrazepam" (PDF). Pharmaceutical Services Branch. New South Wales Health. November 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 4, 2020.
  4. ^ Gahlinger, Paul (2003). Illegal Drugs. Penguin. p. 279. ISBN 978-1-4406-5024-6. Archived from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  5. ^ Muir-Cochrane, Eimear; Barkway, Patricia; Nizette, Debra (2014). Mosby's Pocketbook of Mental Health - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-7295-8224-7. Archived from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  6. ^ a b Aronson, Jeffrey K. (2016). Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs: The International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions. Elsevier. p. 364. ISBN 978-0-444-53716-4. Archived from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  7. ^ a b c Ignatavicius, Donna D.; Workman, M. Linda; Winkelman, Chris (2012). Clinical Companion for Medical-Surgical Nursing - E-Book: Patient-Centered Collaborative Care. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 81. ISBN 978-1-4557-7257-5. Archived from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  8. ^ Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 53X. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2020.
  9. ^ Schwartz, R. H.; Milteer, R.; LeBeau, M. A. (June 2000). "Drug-facilitated sexual assault ('date rape')". Southern Medical Journal. 93 (6): 558–561. doi:10.1097/00007611-200093060-00002. ISSN 0038-4348. PMID 10881768.
  10. ^ Gautam, Lata; Sharratt, Sarah D.; Cole, Michael D. (February 19, 2014). "Drug Facilitated Sexual Assault: Detection and Stability of Benzodiazepines in Spiked Drinks Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry". PLOS ONE. 9 (2): e89031. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...989031G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089031. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3929633. PMID 24586489.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  11. ^ European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction Benzodiazepines drug profile Archived February 27, 2020, at the Wayback Machine. Page last updated January 8, 2015
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