User:Mr. Ibrahem/Dexmethylphenidate

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Mr. Ibrahem/Dexmethylphenidate
Clinical data
Trade namesFocalin, Focalin XR, Attenade, others
Other namesd-threo-methylphenidate (D-TMP)
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa603014
License data
Dependence
liability		Physical: None Psychological: High
Routes of
administration		By mouth
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability11–52%
Protein binding30%
MetabolismLiver
Elimination half-life4 hours
ExcretionKidney
Identifiers
  • (R,R)-(+)-Methyl 2-phenyl-2-(2-piperidyl)acetate
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC14H19NO2
Molar mass233.311 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • O=C([C@@H]([C@@H]1NCCCC1)C2=CC=CC=C2)OC
  • InChI=1S/C14H19NO2/c1-17-14(16)13(11-7-3-2-4-8-11)12-9-5-6-10-15-12/h2-4,7-8,12-13,15H,5-6,9-10H2,1H3/t12-,13-/m1/s1 checkY
  • Key:DUGOZIWVEXMGBE-CHWSQXEVSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Dexmethylphenidate, sold under the brand name Focalin among others, is a medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in those over the age of 5 years.[3] If no benefit is seen after 4 weeks it is reasonable to discontinue its use.[3] It is taken by mouth.[3] The immediate release formulation lasts up to 5 hours while the extended release formulation lasts up to 12 hours.[4]

Common side effects include abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and fever.[3] Serious side effects may include abuse, psychosis, sudden cardiac death, mania, anaphylaxis, seizures, and dangerously prolonged erection.[3] Safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding is unclear.[1] Dexmethylphenidate is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant.[5][3] How it works in ADHD is unclear.[3] It is the more active enantiomer of methylphenidate.[3]

Dexmethylphenidate was approved for medical use in the United States in 2001.[6] It is available as a generic medication.[3] The wholesale cost of a month supply in the United States is about US$8.[7] In 2017, it was the 189th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than three million prescriptions.[8][9] It is also available in Switzerland.[10]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Dexmethylphenidate Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  2. ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  4. ^ Mosby's Drug Reference for Health Professions - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2013. p. 455. ISBN 9780323187602. Archived from the original on 2020-05-15. Retrieved 2019-04-15.
  5. ^ Moen MD, Keam SJ (December 2009). "Dexmethylphenidate extended release: a review of its use in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder". CNS Drugs. 23 (12): 1057–83. doi:10.2165/11201140-000000000-00000. PMID 19958043.
  6. ^ "DailyMed - dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride tablet". dailymed.nlm.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
  7. ^ "NADAC as of 2019-02-27". Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Archived from the original on 2019-03-06. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  8. ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  9. ^ "Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  10. ^ "Focalin XR". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 15 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.
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