User:Mr. Ibrahem/Biliary colic
| Biliary colic | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Gallstone attack, gallbladder attack, symptomatic cholelithiasis |
 | |
| Biliary colic is often related to a stone in the gallbladder | |
| Specialty | General surgery |
| Symptoms | Right upper abdominal pain[1] |
| Complications | Inflammation of the gallbladder, inflammation of the pancreas[2] |
| Usual onset | Repeated[2] |
| Duration | Few hours[3] |
| Risk factors | Obesity, birth control pills, high triglycerides, diabetes, Crohn disease, cirrhosis, sickle cell disease[4] |
| Diagnostic method | Ultrasound[5] |
| Differential diagnosis | Appendicitis, stomach ulcers, pancreatitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease[3] |
| Treatment | Surgery to remove the gallbladder[3] |
| Frequency | 0.3% per year (developed world)[2] |
Biliary colic, also known as a gallbladder attack, is when a sudden pain occurs due to a gallstone temporarily blocking the bile duct.[3] Typically, the pain is in the right upper part of the abdomen, and it can radiate to the shoulder.[1] Pain usually lasts from one to a few hours.[3] Often, it occurs after eating a heavy meal, or during the night.[3] Repeated attacks are common.[2] About 15% of people with biliary colic eventually develop inflammation of the gallbladder if not treated.[2] Other complications include inflammation of the pancreas.[2]
Risk factors include obesity, birth control pills, high triglycerides, diabetes, Crohn disease, cirrhosis, and sickle cell disease.[4] The most common form is cholesterol gallstones.[6] Other forms include calcium, bilirubin, pigment, and mixed gallstones.[6] Diagnosis generally involves ultrasound.[5] Other conditions that produce similar symptoms include appendicitis, stomach ulcers, pancreatitis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease.[3]
Treatment for gallbladder attacks is typically surgery to remove the gallbladder.[3] This can be either done through small incisions or through a single larger incision.[3] Open surgery through a larger incision is associated with more complications than surgery through small incisions.[7] Surgery is typically done under general anesthesia.[3] In those who are unable to have surgery, medication to try to dissolve the stones or shock wave lithotripsy may be tried.[3] As of 2017,[update] it is not clear whether surgery is indicated for everyone with biliary colic.[7]
In the developed world, 10 to 15% of adults have gallstones.[2] Of those with gallstones, biliary colic occurs in 1 to 4% each year.[2] Nearly 30% of people have further problems related to gallstones in the year following an attack.[2] Women are more commonly affected than men.[4] Older people are more commonly affected.[4] The first clear description of biliary colic was published in 1506 by Antonio Benivieni.[8]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Internal Clinical Guidelines Team (October 2014). "Gallstone Disease: Diagnosis and Management of Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis and Choledocholithiasis". NICE.org: 21. PMID 25473723. Clinical Guideline 188. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Ansaloni, L. (2016). "2016 WSES guidelines on acute calculous cholecystitis". World Journal of Emergency Surgery : WJES. 11: 25. doi:10.1186/s13017-016-0082-5. PMC 4908702. PMID 27307785.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Gallstones". NIDDK.NIH.gov. Washington DC: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. November 2013. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
- ^ a b c d "Definition & Facts for Gallstones | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
- ^ a b Sigmon, DF; Dayal, N; Meseeha, M (January 2021). "Biliary Colic". PMID 28613523.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b Sabiston, David C.; Townsend, Courtney M. (2012). Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders. pp. 328–358. ISBN 978-1-4377-1560-6.
- ^ a b "Surgery to treat gallstones and acute inflammation of the gallbladder". SBU.se. Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU). 2016-12-16. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
- ^ Norton, Jeffrey; Barie, Philip S.; Bollinger, Ralph R.; Chang, Alfred E.; Lowry, Stephen; Mulvihill, Sean J.; Pass, Harvey I.; Thompson, Robert W. (2009). Surgery: Basic Science and Clinical Evidence. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 911. ISBN 978-0-387-68113-9.