User:Mr. Ibrahem/Bed bug
| Bed bugs | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Cimicosis, bed bug bites, bedbugs, bed bug infestation |
 | |
| An adult bed bug (Cimex lectularius) with the typical flattened oval shape | |
| Specialty | Family medicine, dermatology |
| Symptoms | None to prominent blisters, itchy[1][2] |
| Usual onset | Minutes to days after the bite[2] |
| Causes | Cimex (primarily Cimex lectularius and Cimex hemipterus)[3] |
| Risk factors | Travel, second-hand furnishings[4] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on finding bed bugs and symptoms[5] |
| Differential diagnosis | Allergic reaction, scabies, dermatitis herpetiformis[2] |
| Treatment | Symptomatic, bed bug eradication[2] |
| Medication | Antihistamines, corticosteroids[2] |
| Frequency | Relatively common[6] |
Bed bugs are a type of insect that feed on human blood, usually at night.[7] Their bites can result in a number of health impacts including skin rashes, psychological effects, and allergic symptoms.[5] Bed bug bites may lead to skin changes ranging from invisible to small areas of redness to prominent blisters.[1][2] Symptoms may take between minutes to days to appear and itchiness is generally present.[2] Some individuals may feel tired or have a fever.[2] Typically, uncovered areas of the body are affected and often three bites occur in a row.[2] Bed bugs bites are not known to transmit any infectious disease.[5][7] Complications may rarely include areas of dead skin or vasculitis.[2]
Bed bug bites are caused primarily by two species of insects of the Cimex type: Cimex lectularius (the common bed bug) and Cimex hemipterus, primarily in the tropics.[3] Their size ranges between 1 and 7 mm.[7] They spread by crawling between nearby locations or by being carried within personal items.[2] Infestation is rarely due to a lack of hygiene but is more common in high-density areas.[2][8] Diagnosis involves both finding the bugs and the occurrence of compatible symptoms.[5] Bed bugs spend much of their time in dark, hidden locations like mattress seams or cracks in a wall.[2]
Treatment is directed towards the symptoms.[2] Eliminating bed bugs from the home is often difficult, partly because bed bugs can survive up to a year without feeding.[2] Repeated treatments of a home may be required.[2] These treatments may include heating the room to 50 °C (122 °F) for more than 90 minutes, frequent vacuuming, washing clothing at high temperatures, and the use of various pesticides.[2]
Bed bugs occur in all regions of the globe.[7] Rates of infestations are relatively common, following an increase since the 1990s.[3][4][6] The exact causes of this increase are unclear; theories including increased human travel, more frequent exchange of second-hand furnishings, a greater focus on control of other pests, and increasing resistance to pesticides.[4] Bed bugs have been known human parasites for thousands of years.[2]
References[edit]
- ^ a b James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. p. 446. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Ibrahim, O; Syed, UM; Tomecki, KJ (March 2017). "Bedbugs: Helping your patient through an infestation". Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 84 (3): 207–211. doi:10.3949/ccjm.84a.15024. PMID 28322676.
- ^ a b c Jerome Goddard; Richard deShazo (2009). "Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) and clinical consequences of their bites". Journal of the American Medical Association. 301 (13): 1358–1366. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.405. PMID 19336711.
- ^ a b c Kolb A, Needham GR, Neyman KM, High WA (2009). "Bedbugs". Dermatol Ther. 22 (4): 347–52. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2009.01246.x. PMID 19580578.
- ^ a b c d Doggett SL, Russell R (November 2009). "Bed bugs – What the GP needs to know". Aust Fam Physician. 38 (11): 880–4. PMID 19893834.
- ^ a b Doggett, SL; Dwyer, DE; Peñas, PF; Russell, RC (January 2012). "Bed bugs: clinical relevance and control options". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 25 (1): 164–92. doi:10.1128/CMR.05015-11. PMC 3255965. PMID 22232375.
- ^ a b c d "Bed Bugs FAQs". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2 May 2017. Archived from the original on 22 September 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
- ^ Hildreth CJ, Burke AE, Glass RM (April 2009). "JAMA patient page. Bed bugs". JAMA. 301 (13): 1398. doi:10.1001/jama.301.13.1398. PMID 19336718.