User:Mr. Ibrahem/Autoimmune hepatitis
| Autoimmune hepatitis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Lupoid hepatitis |
 | |
| Micrograph showing a lymphoplasmacytic interface hepatitis—the characteristic finding of autoimmune hepatitis. Liver biopsy. H&E stain. | |
| Specialty | Gastroenterology |
| Symptoms | None, tiredness, yellowish skin, abdominal pain[1] |
| Complications | Cirrhosis, liver failure, liver cancer[1] |
| Duration | Long-term[1] |
| Types | Type 1, type 2, variant[2] |
| Causes | Unknown[3] |
| Risk factors | Other autoimmune disease, genetics[3] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms, lab tests, and liver biopsy after ruling out other possible causes[3] |
| Differential diagnosis | Primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, viral hepatitis[3] |
| Treatment | Prednisone, azathioprine[3] |
| Frequency | 11-25 per 100,000 (Europe)[3] |
Autoimmune hepatitis is a autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the liver and causes inflammation and liver damage.[1] Symptoms may vary from none, to abnormal liver enzymes, to tiredness, yellowish skin, and upper abdominal pain.[1][4] Complications may include cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer.[1]
The cause is unknown.[3] Risk factors include other autoimmune diseases and genetics.[1][3] It is believed that an environmental event such as a virus or medication may trigger the disease in someone who is predisposed.[4] Diagnosis is based on symptoms, lab tests, and a liver biopsy after ruling out other possible causes.[3]
Treatment is often with a combination of prednisone and azathioprine for at least 3 years.[3] In those who develop liver failure, liver transplant may be an option.[3] Following a liver transplant about 33% have a recurrence.[3] Without treatment survival at 10 years is about 10%.[3]
In Europe about 11 to 25 per 100,000 people are affected with about 1 to 2 per 100,000 newly developing the disease each year.[3] Females are affected 3.6 times more often than males.[1][3] All ages may be affected.[5] It was first described in the 1950s by Waldenstrom.[2]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Definition & Facts for Autoimmune Hepatitis | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
- ^ a b "Autoimmune Hepatitis". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). Retrieved 14 February 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Linzay, CD; Sharma, B; Pandit, S (January 2020). "Autoimmune Hepatitis". PMID 29083819.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b "Symptoms & Causes of Autoimmune Hepatitis | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
- ^ Manns, MP; Czaja, AJ; Gorham, JD; Krawitt, EL; Mieli-Vergani, G; Vergani, D; Vierling, JM; American Association for the Study of Liver, Diseases (June 2010). "Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis". Hepatology. 51 (6): 2193–213. doi:10.1002/hep.23584. PMID 20513004. S2CID 30356212.