User:Michael Goodyear/botanysandbox

Tables

Amaryllidaceae

Historical distribution of Amaryllidaceae (sensu stricto) tribes and subtribes

Traub 1963 Subfamily: Amarylloideae	Dahlgren 1985	Müller-Doblies 1996	Meerow 1998
Infrafamily: Amarylloidinae Traubieae	Hippeastreae	Hippeastreae Traubiinae	Hippeastreae
Zephyrantheae	Hippeastreae	Hippeastreae Zephyranthinae	Hippeastreae
Amarylleae	Hippeastreae	Amaryllideae Amaryllidinae Hippeastreae Hippeastrinae	Amaryllideae Amaryllidinae
Lycoreae	Lycorideae	Lycorideae	Lycorideae
Narcisseae	Narcisseae	Narcisseae Narcissinae	Narcisseae
Galantheae	Galantheae	Narcisseae Galanthinae Lapiedrinae	Galantheae
Crineae	Amaryllideae	Amaryllideae Crininae Boophoninae	Amaryllideae Crininae
Cyrtantheae	Haemantheae	Haemantheae Cyrtanthinae	Cyrtantheae
Clivieae	Haemantheae	Haemantheae Cliviinae	Haemantheae
Haemantheae	Haemantheae	Haemantheae Haemanthinae	Haemantheae
Gethylleae	Haemantheae	Gethyllideae	Gethyllideae
Strumarieae	Amaryllideae	Amaryllideae Strumariinae	Amaryllideae Amaryllidinae
Infrafamily: Pancratioidinae Pancratieae	Pancratieae	Pancratieae Pancratiinae	Pancratieae
Stenomessae	Stenomesseae	Eustephieae Stenomessinae Eustephiinae	Stenomesseae
Euchareae	Eucharideae	Eucharideae Eucharidinae Hymenocallidinae Hippeastreae Griffiniinae Calostemmateae	Eucharideae Hymenocallideae Hippeastreae
Eustephieae	Stenomesseae	Eustephieae Stenomessinae Eustephiinae Hippeastreae Hippeastrinae	Stenomesseae Eustephieae Hippeastreae

Historical distribution of Hippeastreae genera by tribes and subtribes

Genus	Traub 1963	Dahlgren 1985	Müller-Doblies 1996	Meerow 1998	Garcia 2014	Species
Eithea formerly Hippeastrum blumenavium					Hippeastreae Hippeastrinae	1–2
Famatina =Rhodophiala						4
Griffinia	Euchariae		Hippeastreae Griffinineae	Hippeastreae	Griffineae	21
Habranthus	Zephyrantheae	Hippeastreae	Hippeastreae Zephyranthinae	Hippeastreae	Hippeastreae Hippeastrinae	40
Haylockia	Zephyrantheae		Hippeastreae Zephyranthinae	=Zephyranthes	=Zephyranthes	1
Hippeastrum	=Amaryllis	Hippeastreae	Hippeastreae Hippeastrinae	Hippeastreae	Hippeastreae Hippeastrinae	60
Phycella	Eustephieae			Hippeastreae	Hippeastreae Traubiinae	6
Placea	Amarylleae	Hippeastreae	Hippeastreae Hippeastrinae	Hippeastreae	Hippeastreae Traubiinae	6
Sprekelia	Zephyrantheae	Hippeastreae	Hippeastreae Zephyranthinae	Hippeastreae	Hippeastreae Hippeastrinae	2
Rhodolirium	=Rhodophiala				Hippeastreae Traubiinae	5
Rhodophiala	Zephyrantheae	Hippeastreae	Hippeastreae Hippeastrinae	Hippeastreae	Hippeastreae Hippeastrinae	8
Tocantinia					Hippeastreae Hippeastrinae	1–2
Traubia	Traubieae		Hippeastreae Traubinae	Hippeastreae	Hippeastreae Traubiinae	1
Worsleya	Amarylleae	Hippeastreae		Hippeastreae	Griffineae	1
Zephyranthes	Zephyrantheae	Hippeastreae	Hippeastreae Zephyranthinae	Hippeastreae	Hippeastreae Hippeastrinae	50

A= Traubiinae: Placea, Phycella (including Famatina maulensis), Rhodolirium s. l., and Traubia

B= Hippeastrinae: Eithea, Habranthus, Hippeastrum, Rhodophiala (including Famatina p. p.), Sprekelia, Tocantinia, and Zephyranthes (including Haylockia (Zephyranthes) americana).

Liliaceae

List of disposition of genera previously included in Liliaceae

Genus	Authority	Family	Subfamily	Order
List of genera included in Liliaceae by Cronquist
Abama=Narthecium	Adans.
Agapanthus	L'Her.	Amaryllidaceae	Agapanthoideae	Asparagales
Aletris	L.	Nartheciaceae		Dioscoreales
Alstroemeria	L.	Alstroemeriaceae		Liliales
Amaryllis	L.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales

Table 3: Historical distribution of Liliaceae sensu APWeb/APG ("core Liliales") genera by family and author with subsequent subfamilial divisions

Genera	sensu Dahlgren (1985) (tribes)	sensu Tamura (1998) subfamilies (tribes)	sensu APG	Tribes			Subfamilies
Streptopus	Uvulariaceae (Uvularieae)	Calochortaceae (Tricyrtideae)	Liliaceae5				Streptopoideae syn. Scoliopaceae Takht.
Scoliopus	Trilliaceae1	Calochortaceae (Tricyrtideae)	Liliaceae
Prosartes	Uvulariaceae (Uvularieae)	Calochortaceae (Tricyrtideae)	Liliaceae
Calochortus	Calochortaceae	Calochortaceae (Calochorteae)	Liliaceae				Calochortoideae syn. Calochortaceae Dumort., Compsoaceae Horan., nom. illeg., Tricyrtidaceae Takht., nom. cons.
Tricyrtis6	Uvulariaceae (Tricyrtideae)	Calochortaceae (Tricyrtideae)	Liliaceae
Erythronium	Liliaceae	Liliaceae Lilioideae (Tulipeae)	Liliaceae
1. Dahlgren expressed some uncertainty as to whether to include these genera in Trilliaceae or Uvulariaceae, tribus Uvularieae 2. Some authorities embed Nomocharis within Lilium, and Lloydia within Gagea. Amana had been embedded in Tulipa but was subsequently restored as a separate genus. 3. In Tamura's classification Lilioideae is used s.s. (Tulipeae s.l. and Lilieae s.s.), whereas in APWeb it is used s.l. to also include Medeoleae. Thus Lilioideae s.s. is equivalent to Lilieae s.l. 4. While Tulipae s.l. is embedded in Lilieae s.l. in APWeb, many authors continue to use it as a separate taxon 5. "Core Liliales" corresponds to Liliaceae sensu APG, incorporating all genera shown here 6. Tricyrtis is probably not a sister clade to Calochortus, and may represent a further subfamily separate from Calochortoideae

Taxonomy of Liliaceae

Table : Disposition of genera previously included in Liliaceae

Genus	Authority	Family	Subfamily	Order
List of genera included in Liliaceae by Cronquist
Abama=Narthecium	Adans.
Agapanthus	L'Her.	Amaryllidaceae	Agapanthoideae	Asparagales
Aletris	L.	Nartheciaceae		Dioscoreales
Allium	L.	Amaryllidaceae	Allioideae	Asparagales
Alstroemeria	L.	Alstroemeriaceae		Liliales
Amaryllis	L.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales
Amianthium	Gray	Melanthiaceae		Liliales
Androstephium	Torr.	Asparagaceae	Brodiaeoideae	Asparagales
Anthericum	L.	Asparagaceae	Agavoideae	Asparagales
Asparagus	L.	Asparagaceae	Asparagoideae	Asparagales
Asphodelus	L.	Xanthorrhoeaceae	Asphodeloideae	Asparagales
Astelia	Joseph Banks & Soland. ex R. Br.	Asteliaceae		Asparagales
Atamosco= Zephyranthes	Adans.
Bloomeria	Kellogg	Asparagaceae	Brodiaeoideae	Asparagales
Brodiaea	Sm.	Asparagaceae	Brodiaeoideae	Asparagales
Calochortus	Pursh	Liliaceae		Liliales
Camassia	Lindl.	Asparagaceae	Agavoideae	Asparagales
Cardiocrinum	(Endl.) Lindl.	Liliaceae		Liliales
Chamaelirium	Willd.	Melanthiaceae		Liliales
Chionodoxa	Boiss.	Asparagaceae	Scilloideae	Asparagales
Chlorogalum	Kunth	Asparagaceae	Agavoideae	Asparagales
Chlorophytum	Ker-Gawl.	Asparagaceae	Agavoideae	Asparagales
Clintonia	Raf.	Liliaceae		Liliales
Colchicum	L.	Colchicaceae		Liliales
Convallaria	L.	Asparagaceae	Nolinoideae	Asparagales
Cooperia	Herb.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales
Cordyline	Comm. ex R. Br.	Asparagaceae	Lomandroideae	Asparagales
Crinum	L.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales
Curculigo	Gaertn.	Hypoxidaceae		Asparagales
Dasylirion	Zucc.	Asparagaceae	Nolinoideae	Asparagales
Dianella	Lam.	Xanthorrhoeaceae	Hemerocallidoideae	Asparagales
Dichelostemma	Kunth	Asparagaceae	Brodiaeoideae	Asparagales
Disporum	Salisb. ex D. Don	Colchicaceae		Liliales
Dracaena	L.	Asparagaceae	Nolinoideae	Asparagales
Echeandia	Ortega	Asparagaceae	Agavoideae	Asparagales
Eremocrinum	M.E.Jones	Asparagaceae	Agavoideae	Asparagales
Erythronium	L.	Liliaceae		Liliales
Eucharis	Planch. & Lind.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales
Fritillaria	L.	Liliaceae		Liliales
Gagea	Salisb.	Liliaceae		Liliales
Galanthus	L.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales
Gloriosa	L.	Colchicaceae		Liliales
Habranthus	Herb.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales
Harperocallis	McDaniel	Tofieldiaceae		Alismatales
Hastingsia	S. Wats.	Asparagaceae	Agavoideae	Asparagales
Helonias	L.	Melanthiaceae		Asparagales
Hemerocallis	L.	Xanthorrhoeaceae	Hemerocallidoideae	Asparagales
Hesperanthes= Echeandia	S. Wats.
Hesperocallis	Gray	Tofieldiaceae		Alismatales
Hesperoscordum= Triteleia	Lindl.
Hippeastrum	Herb.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales
Hosta	Tratt.	Asparagaceae	Agavoideae	Asparagales
Hyacinthoides	Medik.	Asparagaceae	Scilloideae	Asparagales
Hyacinthus	L.	Asparagaceae	Scilloideae	Asparagales
Hymenocallis	Salisb.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales
Ipheion	Raf.	Amaryllidaceae	Allioideae	Asparagales
Kniphofia	Moench	Xanthorrhoeaceae	Asphodeloideae	Asparagales
Leucocrinum	Nutt. ex Gray	Asparagaceae	Lomandroideae	Asparagales
Leucojum	L.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales
Lilium	L.	Liliaceae		Liliales
Liriope	Lour.	Asparagaceae	Nolinoideae	Asparagales
Lloydia= Gagea	Salisb. ex Reichenb.
Lophiola	Ker-Gawl.	Nartheciaceae		Dioscoreales
Lycoris	Herb.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales
Maianthemum	G.H. Weber ex Wiggers	Asparagaceae	Nolinoideae	Asparagales
Medeola	L.	Liliaceae		Liliales
Melanthium	L.	Melanthiaceae		Asparagales
Milla	Cav.	Asparagaceae	Brodiaeoideae	Asparagales
Muilla	S. Wats. ex Benth.	Asparagaceae	Brodiaeoideae	Asparagales
Muscari	P. Mill.	Asparagaceae	Scilloideae	Asparagales
Narcissus	L.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales
Narthecium	Huds.	Nartheciaceae		Dioscoreales
Nolina	Michx.	Asparagaceae	Nolinoideae	Asparagales
Nomocharis	Franch.	Liliaceae		Liliales
Notholirion	Wall. ex Boiss.	Liliaceae		Liliales
Nothoscordum	Kunth	Amaryllidaceae	Allioideae	Asparagales
Odontostomum	Torr.	Tecophilaeaceae		Asparagales
Ophiopogon	Ker-Gawl.	Asparagaceae	Nolinoideae	Asparagales
Ornithogalum	L.	Asparagaceae	Scilloideae	Asparagales
Pancratium	L.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales
Pleea	Michx.	Tofieldiaceae		Alismatales
Pleomele	Salisb.	Asparagaceae	Nolinoideae	Asparagales
Polygonatum	P. Mill.	Asparagaceae	Nolinoideae	Asparagales
Sansevieria	Thunb.	Asparagaceae	Nolinoideae	Asparagales
Schoenocaulon	Gray	Melanthiaceae		Liliales
Schoenolirion	Torr. ex Dur.	Asparagaceae	Agavoideae	Asparagales
Scilla	L.	Asparagaceae	Scilloideae	Asparagales
Scoliopus	Torr.	Liliaceae		Liliales
Smilacina=Maianthemum	Desf.
Stenanthium	(Gray) Kunth	Melanthiaceae		LIliales
Sternbergia	Waldst. & Kit.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales
Streptopus	Michx.	Liliaceae		Liliales
Tofieldia	Huds.	Tofieldiaceae		Alismatales
Tricyrtis	Wall.	Liliaceae		Liliales
Trillium	L.	Melanthiaceae		Liliales
Tristagma	Poepp.	Amaryllidaceae	Allioideae	Asparagales
Triteleia	Dougl. ex Lindl.	Asparagaceae	Brodiaeoideae	Asparagales
Triteleiopsis	Hoover	Asparagaceae	Brodiaeoideae	Asparagales
Tulipa	L.	Liliaceae		Liliales
Urginea	Steinh.	Asparagaceae	Scilloideae	Asparagales
Uvularia	L.	Colchicaceae		Liliales
Vagnera=Maianthemum	Adans.
Veratrum	L.	Melanthiaceae		Liliales
Xerophyllum	Michx.	Melanthiaceae		Liliales
Zephyranthes	Herb.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales
Zigadenus	Michx.	Melanthiaceae		Liliales
List of other genera historically included in Liliaceae s.l.
Albuca	L.	Asparagaceae	Scilloideae	Asparagales
Anticlea	Kunth	Melanthiaceae		Liliales
Arthropodium	R.Br.	Asparagaceae	Lomandroideae	Asparagales
Bellevalia	Lapeyr.	Asparagaceae	Scilloideae	Asparagales
Bomarea	Mirb.	Alstroemeriaceae		Liliales
Chionographis	Maxim.	Melanthiaceae		Liliales
Conanthera	Ruiz & Pav.	Tecophilaeaceae		Asparagales
Cyclobothra= Calochortus	D.Don
Daiswa	Raf.	Melanthiaceae		Liliales
Drimia	Jacq.	Asparagaceae	Scilloideae	Asparagales
Drimiopsis	Lindl. & Paxton	Asparagaceae	Scilloideae	Asparagales
Eremurus	M.Bieb.	Xanthorrhoeaceae	Asphodeloideae	Asparagales
Eriospermum	Jacq.	Asparagaceae	Nolinoideae	Asparagales
Eucrosia	Ker Gawl.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales
Eustephia	Cav.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales
Griffinia	Ker Gawl.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales
Heloniopsis	A.Gray	Melanthiaceae		Liliales
Hemiphylacus	S.Wats.	Asparagaceae	Asparagoideae	Asparagales
Herreria	Ruiz & Pav.	Asparagaceae	Agavoideae	Asparagales
Hessea	Herb.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales
Hookera= Brodiaea	Salisb.
Hypoxis	L.	Hypoxidaceae		Asparagales
Ismene	Salisb.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales
Jaimehintonia	B.L.Turner	Amaryllidaceae	Allioideae	Asparagales
Johnsonia	Mill.	Asparagaceae	Lomandroideae	Asparagales
Laxmannia	R.Br.	Asparagaceae	Lomandroideae	Asparagales
Lepidopharynx= Hippeastrum	Rusby
Metanarthecium	Maxim.	Nartheciaceae		Dioscoreales
Miersia	Lindl.	Amaryllidaceae	Allioideae	Asparagales
Molineria	Colla	Hypoxidaceae		Asparagales
Nietneria	Klotzsch	Melanthiaceae		Liliales
Paradisea	Mazzuc.	Anthericaceae		Asparagales
Paris	L.	Melanthiaceae		Liliales
Peliosanthes	Andrews	Asparagaceae	Nolinoideae	Asparagales
Phaedranassa	Herb.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales
Selonia= Eremurus	Regel
Stropholirion= Dichelostemma	Torr.
Theropogon	Maxim.	Amaryllidaceae	Allioideae	Asparagales
Tovaria	Neck.	Asparagaceae	Nolinoideae	Asparagales
Toxicoscordion	Rydb.	Melanthiaceae		Liliales
Tracyanthus= Stenanthium	Small
Tulbaghia	Heist.	Amaryllidaceae	Allioideae	Asparagales
Tupistra	Ker Gawl.	Asparagaceae	Nolinoideae	Asparagales
Urceolina	Rchb.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllidoideae	Asparagales
Wurmbea	Thunb.	Colchicaceae		Liliales

Taxonomy of Liliaceae

Table 4: Subfamilies, Tribes and Genera of Liliaceae

Subfamily	Tribe		Genus
Lilioideae Eaton	Medeoleae Benth. Synonyms: Medeolaceae Takht., Medeoloideae Benth.	Clintonia borealis	Clintonia Raf.U – bead lilies
			Medeola Gronov. ex L. – Indian cucumber-root
	Lilieae Ritgen Synonyms: Erythroniaceae Martinov, Fritillariaceae Salisb., Liriaceae Borkh., Tulipaceae Borkh.	Cardiocrinum giganteum	Cardiocrinum (Endl.) Lindl. – giant lilies
			Fritillaria Tourn. ex L. – fritillary or mission bells
			Gagea Salisb. (including Lloydia Salisb. ex Rchb.) – yellow star-of-Bethlehem
			Lilium Tourn. ex L. – lily
			Nomocharis Franch.
			Notholirion Wall. ex Boiss.
	"Tulipeae" – Tribe separated from Lilieae in some classifications, including Tamura (1998)	Erythronium sibiricum	Tulipa L. (including Amana Honda) – tulip
			Erythronium L. – trout lily
Calochortoideae Dumort. Synonyms: Calochortaceae Dumort., Compsoaceae Horan., nom. illeg., Tricyrtidaceae Takht., nom. cons. – Paraphyletic; a separate subfamily for Tricyrtis has been proposed		Calochortus catalinae	Calochortus Pursh – mariposa, globe lilies
			Tricyrtis Wall.U – toad lily
Streptopoideae Synonym: Scoliopaceae Takht.		Prosartes hookeri	Prosartes D.DonU – drops of gold
			Scoliopus Torr.T – Fetid Adder's Tongue
			Streptopus Michx.U – twistedstalk
Dahlgren (1985) included several genera in UvulariaceaeU and TrilliaceeeT. Calochortaceae used to be a separate family for Calochortus in Dahlgren's system, while in the sense of Tamura (1998) it included all genera in the modern subfamilies Calochortoideae and Streptopoideae.

Subdivision

Comparison of Four 21st Century Classifications of the Liliaceae

Tamura			Takhtajan		Taxonomicon			APweb
Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Family	Tribe	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Family	Subfamily	Tribe
Liliaceae	Lilioideae	Lilieae	Liliaceae	Lloydieae	Liliaceae	Lilioideae	Lloydieae	Liliaceae	Lilioideae	Lilieae
				Lilieae			Lilieae
		Tulipeae		Tulipeae			Tulipeae
	Medeoloideae		Medeolaceae				Medeola, Clintonia			Medeoleae
Calochortaceae		Calochorteae	Scoliopaceae			Calochortoideae			Calochortoideae
		Tricyrtideae	Tricyrtidaceae			Streptopoideae			Streptopoideae

Fritillaria

Comparison of Three Subdivisions of Fritillaria

Baker (1874) Subgenera	Boissier (1882) Sections	Rix (2001) Subgenera
Eufritillaria (2)	Eufritillaria (30) 2 subsections	Fritillaria 2 sections
Monocodon (24)
Goniocarpa (5)
Amblirion (9)
Rhinopetalum (1)	Theresia (2)	Rhinopetalum
Theresia (3)		Theresia (1)
Petilium (2)	Petilium (1)	Petilium
Liliorhiza (3)		Liliorhiza 3 series
Korolkowia (1)		Korolkowia (1)
		Davidii (1)
		Japonica (5)
Notholirion (2)	Genus	Genus
Notes 1. Number of species in (parentheses) 2. Boissier's Flora orientalis included only oriental species

Help:Table

Engler's Botanical Ranks

German	Latin	English
Abteilung	divisio	Division
Unterabteilung	subdivisio	Subdivision
Klasse	classis	Class
Reihe	ordo	Order
Unterreihe	subordo	Suborder
Fam.	familia	Family
Unterfam.	subfamilia	Subfamily
§	tribus	Tribe

Clades and tribes within Sempervivoideae

Clade	Tribe
Acre	Sedeae
Leucosedum
Aeonium	Aeonieae
Sempervivum	Semperviveae
Rhodiola	Umbiliceae
Hylotelephium	Telephieae
Note Clades containing Sedum, shown in blue

Classification

Narcissus

Name	Authority	Common name
Narcissus obsoletus syn. N. miniatus	(Haw.) Spach
Narcissus serotinus Type species	L.

RHS Horticultural Divisions of Daffodils

Number	Name	Definition
1	Trumpet	Solitary flower with corona as long as, or longer than the tepals
2	Large cupped	Solitary flower with corona more than one- third, but less than equal to the length of the tepals
3	Small cupped	Solitary flower with corona not more than one-third the length of the tepals
4	Double	One or more flowers with doubling of the corona or tepals or both
5	Triandrus	Two or more flowers with characteristics of N. triandrus, flowers pendant and tepals reflexed
6	Cyclamineus	Solitary flower with characteristics of N. cyclamineus, flowers acutely angled to stem, very short pedicel, tepals reflexed
7	Jonquilla and Apodanthus	One to five, but rarely up to eight flowers with characteristics of sections Jonquilla or Apodanthi, flowers acutely angled to stem, corona cup or funnel shaped or flared, and usually wider than long, tepals spreading or reflexed, usually fragrant
8	Tazetta	Three to twenty flowers, with characteristics of section Tazetta , flowers with tepals spreading, usually fragrant, stem stout
9	Poeticus	Usually solitary flower, with characteristics of N. poeticus, flowers with corona very short to disc shaped, usually green and or yellow centre and red rim (sometimes a single colour), tepals white, usually fragrant
10	Bulbocodium	Usually solitary flower, with characteristics of section Bulbocodium, flowers with tepals insignificant relative to corona, anthers dorsiflexed, filament and style usually curved
11	Split corona	Corona split, usually for more than half its length
	(a) Collar	Corona two whorls of three, opposite tepals
	(b) Papillon	Corona usually single whorl of six, alternate to tepals
12	Other	Not fitting of the above definitions
13	Botanical names only	Wild (species) daffodils and hybrids without cultivar names

Comparison of Modern Classifications Schemes of Narcissus

Fernandes 1975			Webb 1978		Blanchard 1990		Mathew 2002				Zonnefeld 2008		RHS 2013
Subgenus	Section	Subsection	Section	Subsection	Section	Subsection	Subgenus	Section	Subsection	Series	Subgenus	Section	Section
Hermione	Serotini		Serotini		Serotini		Hermione	Hermiome	Serotini		Hermione	Serotini	Serotini
	Hermione	Angustifolii	Tazettae	Angustifoliae	Tazettae	Angustifoliae			Angustifoliae			Tazettae	Tazettae
		Hermione		Tazettae		Tazettae			Hermione	Hermione
	Aurelia		Aurelia		Aurelia					Albiflorae
								Aurelia					Aurelia
Narcissus	Apodanthi				Apodanthae		Narcissus	Jonquillae	Apodanthi		Narcissus	Apodanthi	Apodanthi
	Jonquilla	Jonquilla	Jonquillae	Jonquillae	Jonquillae				Jonquillae			Jonquilla	Jonquilla
		Juncifolii		Apodanthi					Chloranthi			Juncifolii
	Tapeinanthus		Tapeinanthus		Tapeinanthus			Tapeinanthus				Tapeinanthus	Tapeinanthus
	Ganymedes		Ganymedes		Ganymedes			Ganymedes				Ganymedes	Ganymedes
	Bulbocodium		Bulbocodium		Bulbocodium							Bulbocodium	Bulbocodium
	Pseudonarcissus		Pseudonarcissi	Pseudonarcissi	Pseudonarcissus			Pseudonarcissus				Pseudonarcissus	Pseudonarcissus
				Reflexi								Nevadensis
	Narcissus		Narcissus		Narcissus			Narcissus				Narcissus	Narcissus
			Chloranthi (N. viridiflorus)				Corbularia syn. Bulbocodium

Liliaceae

Comparison of Four 21st Century Classifications of the Liliaceae

Tamura			Takhtajan		Taxonomicon			APweb
Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Family	Tribe	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Family	Subfamily	Tribe
Liliaceae	Lilioideae	Lilieae	Liliaceae	Lloydieae	Liliaceae	Lilioideae	Lloydieae	Liliaceae	Lilioideae	Lilieae
				Lilieae			Lilieae
		Tulipeae		Tulipeae			Tulipeae
	Medeoloideae		Medeolaceae				Medeola, Clintonia			Medeoleae
Calochortaceae		Calochorteae	Scoliopaceae			Calochortoideae			Calochortoideae
		Tricyrtideae	Tricyrtidaceae			Streptopoideae			Streptopoideae

Evolution of placement of Liliaceae in different taxonomic schemes

Rank	Bentham and Hooker (1862)	Cronquist (1981)	Takhtajan (1980)	Dahlgren (1985)	Thorne (1992)	APG (2003)
Division		Magnoliophyta	Magnoliophyta
Class	Monocotyledons	Liliopsida	Liliopsida	Liliopsida	Angiospermae
Subclass		Liliidae	Liliidae	Liliidae	Liliidae
Superorder (Series)	Coronarieæ		Dioscoreanae	Lilianae	Lilianae	Monocots
Order		Liliales	Liliales	Liliales	Liliales	Liliales

Genera

AP WEB Distribution of Subfamilies, Tribes and Genera of Liliaceae

Subfamily	Tribe	Genus
Lilioideae Eaton	Medeoleae Benth. (synonyms: Medeolaceae Takht., Medeoloideae Benth.)	Clintonia Raf.
		Medeola Gronov. ex L.
	Lilieae Ritgen (synonyms: Erythroniaceae Martinov, Fritillariaceae Salisb., Liriaceae Borkh., Tulipaceae Borkh.)	Cardiocrinum (Endl.) Lindl.
		Erythronium L. – trout lily
		Fritillaria Tourn. ex L.
		Gagea Salisb. (including Lloydia Salisb. ex Rchb.)
		Lilium Tourn. ex L. – lily
		Nomocharis Franch.
		Notholirion Wall. ex Boiss.
		Tulipa L. (including Amana Honda) – tulip
Calochortoideae Dumort. (synonyms: Calochortaceae Dumort., Compsoaceae Horan., nom. illeg., Tricyrtidaceae Takht., nom. cons.)		Calochortus Pursh
		Tricyrtis Wall. - toad lily
Streptopoideae (synonym: Scoliopaceae Takht.)		Prosartes D.Don
		Scoliopus Torr.
		Streptopus Michx.

Narcissus

Subdivisions of Narcissus (Mathew 2002)

Subgenus	Section	Subsection	Series	Type species
Narcissus Pax	Narcissus L.			N. poeticus L.
	Pseudonarcissus DC			N. pseudonarcissus L.
	Ganymedes Salisbury ex Schultes and Schultes fil.			N. triandrus L.
	Jonquillae De Candolle	Jonquillae DC		N. jonquilla L.
		Apodanthi (A. Fernandes) D. A. Webb		N. rupicola Dufour
		Chloranthi D. A. Webb		N. viridiflorus Schousboe
	Tapeinanthus (Herbert) Traub			N. cavanillesii A. Barra and G. López
Hermione (Salisbury) Spach	Hermione	Hermione	Hermione	N. tazetta L.
			Albiflorae Rouy.	N. papyraceous Ker-Gawler
		Angustifoliae (A. Fernandes) F.J Fernándes-Casas		N. elegans (Haw.) Spach
	Serotinii Parlatore			N. serotinus L.
	Aurelia (J. Gay) Baker			N. broussonetii Lagasca
Corbularia (Salisb.) Pax				N. bulbocodium L.

Morphology

Morphological classification of Rhododendron
(Chamberlain 1996)

Inflorescence buds	Leaf scales	Leaf shoots	Leaves	Subgenus	Section
Terminal	Present			Rhododendron
	Absent	Previous year	Evergreen	Hymenanthes
			Deciduous	Pentanthera	Pentanthera
					Rhodora
					Viscidula
		Lowest leaves		Pentanthera	Sciadorhodion
				Tsutsusi
Lateral			Evergreen	Azaleastrum
			Deciduous	Candidastrum
				Mumeazalea
				Therorhodion

Taxonomic changes within genus Rhododendron
(Goetsch 2005)

Chamberlain (1996)				Goetsch
Genus	Subgenus	Section	Species	Subgenus	Section
Menziesa				Azaleastrum	Sciadorhodion
	Candidastrum
	Tsutsusi				Tsutsusi
	Mumeazaleum
	Pentanthera	Viscidula
		Pentanthera		Hymenanthes	Pentanethra
		Rhodora	R.canadense
			R.vaseyi	Azaleastrum	Sciadorhodion
	Azaleastrum	Choniastrum		Choniastrum

Zantedeschia

Descriptive features of Zantedeschia species foliage

Species	Leaf shape	Leaf size	Maculation
Z. aethiopica	Ovate-cordate or hastate	15–45×10–25 cm	rare
Z. odorata	Ovate to cordate		none
Z. albomaculata subsp. albomaculata	Oblong-hastate	20–50×6–8 cm	rare
Z. albomaculata subsp. macrocarpa	Triangular-hastate	18–20×5–7 cm	sparse
Z. valida	Ovate to cordate to ovate-orbicular-cordate		none
Z. elliottiana	Orbicular-ovate	22×18 cm	present
Z. jucunda	Triangular-hastate		dense
Z. pentlandii	Oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate		seldom
Z. rehmannii	Lanceolate	20–30×3 cm	none

Templates

Botanist

uses parameters inline border citemode

returns

The standard author abbreviation {{{1}}} is used to indicate this individual as the author when citing a botanical name.(ref) Author Query for 'Goldblatt'. International Plant Names Index. Author query = http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advAuthorSearch.do?find_abbreviation=Goldblatt

The standard List of botanists by author abbreviation|author abbreviation {{{1}}} is used to indicate this individual as the author when citing a botanical name

Cladograms

Galanthus

Cladogram of evolutionary lines in Galanthus

Galanthus Platyphyllus Trojanus Ikariae Elwesii Nivalis Woronowii Alpinus

{{cladogram | title=Cladogram of evolutionary lines in ''Galanthus'' | align=''center'' | cladogram={{clade|style="text-align:left; padding:2.5px; background:#eef"; width:500px; | label1= ''Galanthus'' | 1={{clade | 1=Platyphyllus | 2={{clade | 1=Trojanus | 2={{clade | 1={{clade | 1=Ikariae | 2=Elwesii}} | 2={{clade | 1=Nivalis | 2={{clade | 1=Woronowii | 2=Alpinus}} }} }} }} }} }}}}

Allium

Cladogram of evolutionary lines in Allium

Allium First evolutionary line Second evolutionary line Third evolutionary line

; ''Allium'' {{cladogram | title=Cladogram of evolutionary lines in ''Allium'' | align=''center'' | cladogram={{clade|style="text-align:left; padding:2.5px; background:#eef"; width:500px; | label1=''Allium'' | 1={{clade | 1=First evolutionary line | 2={{clade | 1=Second evolutionary line | 2=Third evolutionary line }} }} }} }}

Crassulaceae

Cladogram of evolutionary lines in Crassulaceae

Crassulaceae Crassuloideae Kalanchoöideae Sempervivoideae

Angiosperms

Cladogram I: The phylogeny of the angiosperms, as of APG III (2009)

angiosperms Amborella Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales magnoliids Chloranthales monocots Ceratophyllum eudicots

{{cladogram | title={{anchor|Clad1}}Cladogram I: The [[phylogenetics|phylogeny]] of the angiosperms, as of APG III (2009){{sfn|APG III|2009}} | align="center" | cladogram={{clade|style="text-align:left; padding:2.5px; background:#eef"; width:500px; | label1=angiosperms | 1={{clade |1=''[[Amborella]]'' |2={{clade |1=[[Nymphaeales]] |2={{clade |1=[[Austrobaileyales]] |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[magnoliids]] |2=[[Chloranthales]] }} |2={{clade |1=[[monocots]] |2={{clade |1=''[[Ceratophyllum]]'' |2=[[eudicots]] }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}

Monocots

Cladogram I: The current phylogeny and composition of the monocots.

Chloranthaceae magnoliids monocots Acorales Alismatales Petrosaviales Dioscoreales Pandanales Liliales Asparagales commelinids Dasypogonaceae Arecales Poales Zingiberales Commelinales Ceratophyllum eudicots

{{cladogram | title={{anchor|Clad1}}Cladogram I: The current [[phylogenetics|phylogeny]] and composition of the monocots.{{sfn|APG III|2009}} | align="center" |cladogram={{clade|style="text-align:left; padding:2.5px; background:#eef"; width:500px; |1={{clade | 1={{clade | 1=[[Chloranthaceae]] | 2=[[magnoliids]] | label3=monocots | 3={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Acorales]] |2={{clade |1=[[Alismatales]] |2={{clade |1=[[Petrosaviales]] |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Dioscoreales]] |2=[[Pandanales]] }} |2={{clade |1=[[Liliales]] |2={{clade |1=[[Asparagales]] |label2= [[commelinids]] |2= {{clade |1=[[Dasypogonaceae]] |2=[[Arecales]] |3=[[Poales]] |4={{clade |1=[[Zingiberales]] |2=[[Commelinales]] }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} | 4={{clade |1=''[[Ceratophyllum]]'' |2=[[eudicots]] }} }} }} }} }}

• With bars (see Lilioid monocots)
  

Lilianae sensu Chase & Reveal (monocots) 131            Acorales Alismatales 122            Petrosaviales 120 Dioscoreales 115 Pandanales 91 Liliales 121 121 Asparagales 120 commelinids 118            Dasypogonaceae Arecales Poales            Zingiberales Commelinales

Lilioid monocots 122

{{barlabel|size=12|at1=5|label1=Lilioid monocots 122|bar1=purple||style=font-size:100%;line-height:125%;width:400px;|cladogram= {{clade | align=center |label1= [[Lilianae]] ''sensu'' Chase & Reveal (monocots) 131{{sfn|ps=none|Chase|Reveal|2009}} |1={{clade | 1={{cladex | 1={{cladex |label1=           | 1= [[Acorales]] | 2= {{cladex |label1= | 1= [[Alismatales]] |label2=122 | 2={{cladex| thickness=3 | 1=[[Petrosaviales]] | barbegin1=purple |label1=           | 2={{cladex| thickness=3 |label1=120 | 1={{cladex| thickness=3 | 1=[[Dioscoreales]] 115| bar1=purple | 2=[[Pandanales]] 91 | bar2=purple }} | 2={{cladex |thickness=3 | 1= [[Liliales]] 121| bar1=purple |label2=121 | 2= {{cladex |thickness=3 | 1= [[Asparagales]] 120| barend1=purple |label2=[[commelinids]] 118 | 2= {{cladex |1 = [[Dasypogonaceae]] |label1=           |2 = [[Arecales]] |3 = [[Poales]] |4 = {{cladex | 1= [[Zingiberales]] | 2= [[Commelinales]] |label1=           }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}

Lilianae

• Phylogeny of the orders of Lilianae

Cladogram : Phylogeny of the orders of Lilianae

Lilianae Acorales Alismatales Petrosaviales Dioscoreales Pandanales Liliales Asparagales commelinids Dasypogonaceae Arecales Poales Zingiberales Commelinales

1. Phylogenetic tree reflecting relationships based on molecular phylogenetic evidence. 2. The Dasypogonaceae represent an unplaced commelinid family, for which the order Dasypogonales has been suggested.

{{cladogram 1 | title=Cladogram : Phylogeny of the orders of Lilianae | caption=1. Phylogenetic tree reflecting relationships based on molecular phylogenetic evidence.{{sfn|Chase|Reveal|2009}} 2. The [[Dasypogonaceae]] represent an unplaced commelinid family, for which the order Dasypogonales has been suggested.{{sfn|Chase|Reveal|2009}}| align=left | cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:100%;line-height:125%;width:400px; |label1= Lilianae |1={{clade 2 | 1={{cladex 3 | 1={{cladex | 1= [[Acorales]] | 2= {{cladex 4 |label1= | 1= [[Alismatales]] | 2={{cladex 5 | 1=[[Petrosaviales]] | 2={{cladex 6 | 1={{cladex | 1=[[Dioscoreales]] 7 | 2=[[Pandanales]] }} 6 | 2={{cladex 7 | 1= [[Liliales]] | 2= {{cladex 8 | 1= [[Asparagales]] |label2=[[commelinids]] | 2= {{cladex 9 |1 = [[Dasypogonaceae]] |2 = [[Arecales]] |3 = [[Poales]] |4 = {{cladex 10 | 1= [[Zingiberales]] | 2= [[Commelinales]] }} 9 }} 8 }} 7 }} 6 }} }} }} }} }}

Work in progress

{{cladogram | title=Cladogram : Phylogeny of the orders of Lilianae | caption=1. Phylogenetic tree reflecting relationships based on molecular phylogenetic evidence.{{sfn|Chase|Reveal|2009}} 2. The [[Dasypogonaceae]] represent an unplaced commelinid family, for which the order Dasypogonales has been suggested.{{sfn|Chase|Reveal|2009}}| align=left | cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:100%;line-height:125%;width:400px; |label1= Lilianae |1={{clade | 1={{cladex | 1={{cladex | 1= [[Acorales]] | 2= {{cladex |label1= | 1= [[Alismatales]] | 2={{cladex | 1=[[Petrosaviales]] | 2={{cladex | 1={{cladex | 1=[[Dioscoreales]] | 2=[[Pandanales]] }} | 2={{cladex | 1= [[Liliales]] | 2= {{cladex | 1= [[Asparagales]] |label2=[[commelinids]] | 2= {{cladex |1 = [[Dasypogonaceae]] |2 = [[Arecales]] |3 = [[Poales]] |4 = {{cladex | 1= [[Zingiberales]] | 2= [[Commelinales]] }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |1={{clade | label1= |1={{clade |1= |2=[[magnoliids]] |3={{clade |label1='''monocots''' |1={{clade |1=[[Acorales]] |2={{clade |1=[[Alismatales]] |2={{clade |1=[[Petrosaviales]] |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Dioscoreales]] |2=[[Pandanales]] }} |2={{clade |1=[[Liliales]] |2={{clade |1=[[Asparagales]] |2=[[commelinids]] }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |4={{clade |1=''[[Ceratophyllum]]'' |2=[[eudicots]] }} }} }} }} }} }}

Adding table

clade monocots : order Acorales order Alismatales order Asparagales order Dioscoreales order Liliales order Pandanales order Petrosaviales clade commelinids: family Dasypogonaceae order Arecales order Commelinales order Poales order Zingiberales	Chloranthaceae magnoliids monocots Acorales Alismatales Petrosaviales Dioscoreales Pandanales Liliales Asparagales commelinids Ceratophyllum eudicots
The current phylogeny and composition of the monocots.

Section

Cladogram I: The phylogeny of the angiosperms, as of APG III (2009)

angiosperms Amborella Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales magnoliids Chloranthales monocots Ceratophyllum eudicots

Angiosperms

Cladogram II: The phylogeny of the angiosperms, as of APG III (2009)

angiosperms Amborella Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales magnoliids Chloranthales monocots Ceratophyllum eudicots

Fritillaria

Fritillaria

Cladogram I of infrageneric phylogeny and subgenera of Fritillaria

Fritillaria A: North America Liliorhiza B: Eurasia Davidii B1 Fritillaria 1 Theresia Korolkowia Petilium B2 Japonica Rhinopetalum Fritillaria 2

Cladogram II of infrageneric phylogeny and subgenera of Fritillaria

Fritillaria A: North America Liliorhiza B: Eurasia Davidii B1 Fritillaria 1 Theresia Korolkowia Petilium B2 Japonica Rhinopetalum Friltilaria 2

Cladogram III of infrageneric phylogeny and subgenera of Fritillaria

Fritillaria A: North America Liliorhiza B: Eurasia Davidii B1 Theresia Fritillaria 1 Korolkowia Petilium B2 Japonica Rhinopetalum Friltilaria 2

Cladogram of infrageneric phylogeny and subgenera of Fritillaria

Fritillaria A: N America, NE Asia China Liliorhiza B: Eurasia China Davidii B1: Central Asia, China M East Theresia Fritillaria B Petilium Korolkowia B2 Rhinopetalum Japan Japonica Europe, M East, N Africa China Fritillaria A

Cladogram of polytomy within Lilieae s.s.

Lilieae s.s. Lilium Fritillaria 1 Fritillaria 2

Cladogram of polytomy within Lilieae s.s.

Lilieae s.s. Notholirion Cardiocrinum Lilium Fritillaria 1 Fritillaria 2

Evolution analysis

• (Plant) Taxonomy
• Phylogeny
• Systematics - systematic botany = taxonomy - plant diversity science - Biosystematics
  • variation - causes and consequences of variation - data used to produce system - includes understanding of evolutionary processes and pathways - unifying and integrating role - relationships between evidence and diversity - synthesising
  • The taxonomic evidence: morphology, anatomy, embryology, chromosomes, palynology, secondary plant compounds, proteins, and DNA.
  • components - studies - gathering of evidence - system - nomenclature - documentation - evolutionary lines - phylogenetic theory - statistics and computing - morphology - karyology - cytogenetics - geography - embryology - ecology
  • Classification that reflects totality of similarities and differences

related to every branch of science - essence

• Evolution - evolutionary history

Cladistics supplanted phenetics re-introducing evolutionary information, phyletics even more so. Phylogenetic=Evolutionary rules of arrangement taxis nomous - evolved since De Candolle 1813

Sources:

• Cronquist: The evolution and classification of flowering plants
• Dahlgren, Rolf; Clifford, H. T. (1982). The monocotyledons: A comparative study. London and New York: Academic Press.
• Dahlgren, R.M.; Clifford, H.T.; Yeo, P.F. (1985). The families of the monocotyledons. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-642-64903-5. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
• Datta, Subhash Chandra (1988). Systematic Botany (4 ed.). New Delhi: New Age Intl. ISBN 81-224-0013-2. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
• Davis, Peter Hadland; Heywood, Vernon Hilton (1963). Principles of angiosperm taxonomy. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd. ISBN 9780882751290. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
• Jeffrey, Charles (1982) [1968]. An introduction to plant taxonomy (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521287753.
• Judd, Walter S.; Campbell, Christopher S.; Kellogg, Elizabeth A.; Stevens, Peter F.; Donoghue, Michael J. (2007) [1999]. Plant systematics: a phylogenetic approach (3rd (2nd. 2002) ed.). Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0-87893-407-2. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
• Kubitzki, Klaus, ed. (1977). Flowering Plants : Evolution and classification of higher categories. Symposium, Hamburg, September 8–12, 1976. Plant Systematics & Evolution - Supplementum 1. Wien: Springer. p. 416. ISBN 978-3-211-81434-5. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
• Kubitzki, Klaus; Huber, Herbert, eds. (1998). The families and genera of vascular plants. Vol.3. Flowering plants. Monocotyledons: Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 3-540-64060-6. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
• Leadlay, Etelka; Jury, Stephen, eds. (2006). Taxonomy and plant conservation: the cornerstone of the conservation and the sustainable use of plants. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-84506-9. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
• Naikh, V.N. (1984). Taxonomy of Angiosperms. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 978-0-07-451788-8.
• Sambamurty, A. V. S. S. (2005). Taxonomy of angiosperms. New Delhi: I.K. International. ISBN 978-81-88237-16-6. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
• Simpson, Michael G. (2011). Plant Systematics. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-08-051404-8. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
• Singh, Gurcharan (2004). Plant Systematics: An Integrated Approach. Science Publishers. ISBN 1-57808-351-6. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
• Soltis, D.E.; Soltis, P.F.; Endress, P.K.; Chase, M.W. (2005). Phylogeny and evolution of angiosperms. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer. ISBN 9781588342010. excerpts
• Stace, Clive A. (1989) [1980]. Plant taxonomy and biosystematics (2nd. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-42785-2. Retrieved 29 April 2015.
• Stuessy, Tod F. (2009). Plant Taxonomy: The Systematic Evaluation of Comparative Data. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-14712-5. Retrieved 6 February 2014.
• Lawrence, G. H. M. (1951). Taxonomy of vascular plants. New York: Macmillan.
• Walters, Dirk R.; Keil, David J. (1996). Vascular Plant Taxonomy. Kendall Hunt. ISBN 0-7872-2108-2. Retrieved 10 February 2014.

Rhodo template

Category:Botany templates Category:Botany Category:Rhododendron

Jan de Graaff

The de Graaff brothers (De Gebroeders de Graaff, Gebr. de Graaff) were a Dutch horticultural family company based in Lisse, Netherlands, in an area known as Duin- en Bollenstreek (Dune and Bulb Region).

History

The family business was founded by Cornelis de Graaff in 1723. They became notable in the nineteenth century when Jan de Graaff and his two sons developed the Reginae strain of hybrids of Hippeastrum by crossing Hippeastrum vitatum and Hippeastrum striatum with Hippeastrum psittacinum and some of the better hybrids available in Europe at the time. Some of the most successful hybrids were Graveana and Empress of India.

In the twentieth century the business was continued in the United States in the de Graaf nursery in Oregon (Oregon Bulb Farms 1928) by another Jan de Graaff (1903-1989), who became known as an international expert on Lillies.

Awards

The brothers were awarded a First Class Certificate by the Dutch Horticultural Society for their development of Hippeastrum 'Koningen Wilhelmina', inter alia in 1891.

External links

• De Graaff Brothers materials. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1905
• Cover of 1902 catalogue
• WHOLESALE CATALOGUE OF HYACINTHS, TULIPS, DAFFODILS, CROCUSES ETC. DE GRAAFF BROS INC. 1929‎
• 1930 catalogue
• Registration: V.O.F. Gebroeders De Graaff
• Jan de Graaf. Oregon Bulb Farms. 1956

Voigt

Friedrich Siegmund Voigt
Born	1791 Gotha
Died	December 10 1850
Nationality	German
Scientific career
Fields	Zoology, Botany
Author abbrev. (botany)	F.Voigt
Author abbrev. (zoology)	Voigt

Friedrich Siegmund (Sigismund) Voigt (Voight) (1781 - 1850) was a German zoologist and botanist, with a special interest in spermatophytes. He taught at Jena, where he translated Georges Cuvier's Le Règne Animal (1817), and was the director of the Jena Botanical Gardens and the Museum of Zoology.

He proposed a classification of the animal kingdom with nine classes, based on body structure, such as those that are soft and gelatinous, those that are are articulated and have an exoskeleton, and those that have an endoskeleton.

Publications

• 1840. Lehrbuch der Zoologie: Erklärung der 22 Kupfertafeln zu Voigt's Lehrbuch der Zoologie. Volumen 7. Editor Schweizerbart, 8 pp.
• 1850. Geschichte des Pflanzenreichs. Volumen 2. Geschichte des Pflanzenreichs. Editor F. Mauke
• 1835. Lehrbuch der zoologie. Volumen 1. Naturgeschichte der drei Reiche. Editor E. Schweizerbart, 507 pp.
• 1832. Almanach der Natur. Editor Frommann, 185 pp.
• 1823. System der Natur und Ihre Geschichte. Editor Schmid, 866 pp.
• 1817. Grundzüge einer Naturgeschichte, als Geschichte der Entstehung und weiteren Ausbildung der Naturkörper. Editor H.L. Brönner, 679 pp.
• 1816. Die Farben der organischen Körper. Editor In der Crökerschen Buchhandlung, 223 pp.
• 1808. System der Botanik. 394 pp.
• 1806. Darstellung des natürlichen Pflanzensystems von Jussieu, nach seinen neuesten Verbesserungen: In Tabellen. Editor Reclam, 28 pp.
• 1803. Handwörterbuch der botanischen Kunstsprache. Editor Bey Wolfgang Stahl, 269 pp.

Eponyms

• (Orchidaceae) Caladenia voigtii Hopper & A.P.Br.
• (Orchidaceae) Calonema voigtii (Hopper & A.P.Br.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
• (Orchidaceae) Phlebochilus voigtii (Hopper & A.P.Br.) Szlach. & Rutk.

Bibliography

• Julius Viktor Carus (1880). Histoire de la zoologie depuis l’Antiquité jusqu’au XIXe siècle. Baillière (Paris) : viii + 623 p.

Dahlia

The sectional classification of Dahlia sensu Sørensen (1969) as updated by Saar et al. (2003) and Hansen (2008) is as follows (excluding infraspecific taxa);

• Section Pseudodendron Sherff
  • D. excelsa Bentham
  • D. imperialis Rozel ex Ortgies
  • D. tenuicaulis Sørensen
• Section Entemophyllon Sørensen
  • D. congestifolia Sørensen
  • D. dissecta S. Watson
  • D. foeniculifolia Sherff
  • D. linearis Sherff
  • D. rupicola Sørensen
  • D. scapigeroides Sherff
• Section Dahlia Sherff
  • D. apiculata (Sherff) Sørensen
  • D. atropurpurea Sørensen
  • D. australis (Sherff) Sørensen
  • D. barkeriae Knowles and Westcott
  • D. brevis Sørensen
  • D. coccinea Cavanilles
  • D. cordifolia (Sessé & Moc.) McVaugh syn. D. cardiophylla'
  • D. hintonii Sherff
  • D. mollis Sørensen
  • D. moorei Sherff
  • D. pteropoda Sherff
  • D. purpusii Brandg.
  • D. rudis Sørensen
  • D. sherffii Sørensen
  • D. scapigera (A. Dietrich) Knowles & Westcott
  • D. sorensenii Hansen & Hjerting
  • D. tenuis Robinson & Greenman
  • D. tubulata Sørensen
  • Subsection Merckii Sørensen
    • D. merckii Lehm. (sometimes spelled Dahlia merkii)
• Section Epiphytum Sherff
  • D. macdougallii Sherff
• Unplaced
  • D. campanulata Saar, Sørensen, & Hjerting
  • D. cuspidata Saar, Sørensen, & Hjerting
  • D. hjertingii Hansen and Sørensen
  • D. neglecta Saar
  • D. parvibracteata Saar & Sørensen
  • D. spectabilis Saar, Sørensen, & Hjerting
• Unresolved
  • D. pinnata Type (more properly D. x pinnata)
  • D. sublignosa (Sørensen) Saar & Sørensen
• Cultivated
  • D. variabilis Desf.

Floral Formula

✶ K5 [C(5) A5] G(5)

Floral formula of Anagallis arvensis. Polysymmetric flower. The perianth consists of 5 free sepals and 5 joined petals, which are fused with androecium. Flower is bisexual, it contains 5 stamens, pistil is fused of five carpels, ovary is superior.

Liliaceae

✶ P3+3 A3+3 G(3)

General floral formula of the Liliacaeae: Flowers actinomorphic and hermaphrodite with 6 undifferentiated tepals in two whorls of three, the same number and arrangement of stamens, and a superior ovary with 3 fused carpels. Individual species and genera may have more or less derived formulas.

Narcissus

Br ✶ ☿ P3+3+Corona A3+3 G(3)

IPNI

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International Organization for Plant Information (IOPI). "Plant Name Search Results" (HTML). International Plant Names Index.

2

International Organization for Plant Information (IOPI). "Plant Name Search Results". International Plant Names Index.

• International Organization for Plant Information (IOPI). "Plant Name Search Results for". International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 25 January 2015.

• "IPNI Plant Name Query Results for Ipheion". International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 25 January 2015.

saved version of IPNI2-
International Organization for Plant Information (IOPI). "Plant Name Search Results for Michael Goodyear/botanysandbox". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |DUPLICATE_url= (help); External link in |title= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)

Eudicots

Cladogram of Saxifragales relationships among core eudicots

Core eudicots Gunnerales Pentapetalae superasterids Dilleniales superrosids rosids Saxifragales