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Shortfin mako shark Temporal range: Chattian-Recent
Conservation status
Endangered (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Chondrichthyes
Subclass:	Elasmobranchii
Subdivision:	Selachimorpha
Order:	Lamniformes
Family:	Lamnidae
Genus:	Isurus
Species:	I. oxyrinchus
Binomial name
Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810
Distribution of Isurus oxyrinchus
Synonyms
List of synonyms Genus Isurus Isurus oxyrhinchus Rafinesque, 1810 Isurus oxyrhincus Rafinesque, 1810 Isurus oxyrhynchus Rafinesque, 1810 Isurus spallanzani Rafinesque, 1810 Isurus cepedii Lesson, 1831 Isurus glaucus Müller & Henle, 1839 Isurus tigris Atwood, 1869 Isurus guentheri Murray, 1884 Isurus mako Whitley, 1929 Isurus bideni Phillipps, 1932 Isurus tigris africanus Smith, 1957 Isurus africanus Smith, 1957 Isurus paucus non Guitart Manday, 1966 Genus Lamna Lamna oxyrhina Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1835 Lamna glauca Müller & Henle, 1839 Lamna latro Owen, 1853 Lamna guentheri Murray, 1884 Lamna huidobrii Philippi, 1887 Lamna punctata non Storer, 1839 Genus Isuropsis Isuropsis glaucus Müller & Henle, 1839 Isuropsis dekayi Gill, 1862 Isuropsis mako Whitley, 1929 Genus Oxyrhina Oxyrhina gomphodon Müller & Henle, 1839 Oxyrhina glauca Müller & Henle, 1839 Genus Squalus Squalus cepedii Lesson, 1831 Genus Carcharias Carcharias tigris Atwood, 1869

The shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), also known as the bonito shark or blue pointer, is a species of large mackerel shark of the family Lamnidae, with a worldwide distribution in all temperate and tropical waters. It is a large-sized shark, with larger individuals attaining lengths of up to 4.5 metres (15 ft) and weights of 505.8 kilograms (1,115 lb). However, most are smaller; typically, females measure 2.8–2.9 metres (9–10 ft) and males measure 2–2.2 metres (7–7 ft) on average.

A pelagic species, the shortfin mako is usually found in depths between 0–150 metres (0–492 ft), but can dive to depths of up to 750 metres (2,460 ft) deep.

Taxonomy

Etymology

"Mako" originates as a word from the Māori language, meaning "shark" or "shark tooth". Following the Māori language, "mako" in English is both singular and plural. The word may have originated in a dialectal variation as it is similar to the common words for shark in a number of Polynesian languages—makō in the Kāi Tahu Māori dialect, mangō in other Māori dialects, "mago" in Samoan, ma'o in Tahitian, and mano in Hawaiian. The first written usage is in Samuel Lee and Thomas Kendall's 1820 book Grammar and vocabulary of the language of New Zealand, which states, "Máko; A certain fish". Richard Taylor's 1848 book A leaf from the natural history of New Zealand is more elaborate and states: "Mako, the shark which has the tooth so highly prized by the Maoris".

The scientific name Isurus oxyrinchus literally means "equal-tailed sharp snout". The genus name Isurus is a portmanteau derived from the Ancient Greek words ῐ̓́σος (isos, meaning "equal") prefixed to οὐρά (ourā́, meaning "tail"). The specific name oxyrinchus is also a portmanteau derived from the Ancient Greek ὀξῠ́ς (oxús, meaning “sharp”) and ῥῠ́γχος (rhúnkhos, meaning “snout”).

Conservation

The shortfin mako is currently classified as Endangered by the IUCN, having been uplisted from Vulnerable in 2019 and Near threatened in 2007.

In August 2019, twenty-eight member states of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) published a proposal to add the shortfin mako to Appendix II of the convention, which would internationally classify the species as one that requires control of trade to ensure its survival. If adopted, the proposal would enact international regulations that require members to provide proof of legal and sustainable harvest when trading the species.

In the United States, the shortfin mako is classified under two groups each representing the Atlantic and Pacific populations of the species and managed by corresponding local administrations. Regulations have been enacted on both groups requiring a permit and certified equipment to catch the shark as well as a limit on the number of individuals that can be caught. Since 2017, the Atlantic population has been declared overfished with numbers significantly below target levels and as a result, lowered the catch limit by 50%. In 2019, a new regulation was added requiring recreational fishermen to release all live males measuring less than 71 inches (180 cm) and females less than 83 inches (211 cm) in total length. The Pacific population is considered to be above target levels and not subject to overfishing. Because of this, there are no regulations specifically for that group except for ones intended to protect protected species and habitats.