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ω−n
Common Name
Lipid Numbers
Δn
Structural Formula
Trans or Cis
Naturally Occuring in
ω−3
α-Linolenic acid
C18:3
Δ9,12,15
CH3 CH2 CH=CHCH2 CH=CHCH2 CH=CH(CH2 )7 COOH
cis
Flaxseeds, chiaseeds, walnuts [citation needed ]
ω−3
Stearidonic acid
C18:4
Δ6,9,12,15
CH3 CH2 CH=CHCH2 CH=CHCH2 CH=CHCH2 CH=CH(CH2 )4 COOH
cis
Seed oils of hemp, blackcurrant, corn gromwell [citation needed ]
ω−3
Eicosapentaenoic acid
C20:5
Δ5,8,11,14,17
CH3 CH2 CH=CHCH2 CH=CHCH2 CH=CHCH2 CH=CHCH2 CH=CH(CH2 )3 COOH
cis
cod liver, herring, mackerel, salmon, menhaden and sardine [citation needed ]
ω−3
Docosahexaenoic acid
C22:6
Δ4,7,10,13,16,19
CH3 CH2 CH=CHCH2 CH=CHCH2 CH=CHCH2 CH=CHCH2 CH=CHCH2 CH=CH(CH2 )2 COOH
cis
maternal milk, fish oil.[1]
ω−6
Linoleic acid
C18:2
Δ9,12
CH3 (CH2 )4 CH=CHCH2 CH=CH(CH2 )7 COOH
cis
Peanut oil,[2] chicken fat,[3] olive oil [4] [5]
ω−6
γ-Linolenic acid
C18:3
Δ6,9,12
CH3 (CH2 )4 CH=CHCH2 CH=CHCH2 CH=CH(CH2 )4 COOH
cis
-
ω−6
Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid
C20:3
Δ8,11,14
CH3 (CH2 )4 CH=CHCH2 CH=CHCH2 CH=CH(CH2 )6 COOH
cis
only in trace amounts in animal products[6] [7]
ω−6
Arachidonic acid
C20:4
Δ5,8,11,14
CH3 (CH2 )4 CH=CHCH2 CH=CHCH2 CH=CHCH2 CH=CH(CH2 )3 COOH
cis
meat, eggs, dairy [citation needed ]
ω−6
Docosatetraenoic acid
C22:4
Δ7,10,13,16
CH3 (CH2 )4 CH=CHCH2 CH=CHCH2 CH=CHCH2 CH=CH(CH2 )5 COOH
cis
-
ω−7
Palmitoleic acid
C16:1
Δ9
CH3 (CH2 )5 CH=CH(CH2 )7 COOH
cis
Macadamia nuts[8]
ω−7
Vaccenic acid
C18:1
Δ11
CH3 (CH2 )5 CH=CH(CH2 )9 COOH
trans
dairy products such as milk , butter , and yogurt .[9]
ω−7
Paullinic acid
C20:1
Δ13
CH3 (CH2 )5 CH=CH(CH2 )11 COOH
cis
guarana [10]
ω−9
Oleic acid
C18:1
Δ9
CH3 (CH2 )7 CH=CH(CH2 )7 COOH
cis
olive oil , pecan oil ,[11] canola oil ,[12]
ω−9
Elaidic acid
C18:1
Δ9
CH3 (CH2 )7 CH=CH(CH2 )7 COOH
trans
hydrogenated vegetable oil [13]
ω−9
Gondoic acid
C20:1
Δ11
CH3 (CH2 )7 CH=CH(CH2 )9 COOH
cis
jojoba oil [14] (edible but non-caloric and non-digestible)
ω−9
Erucic acid
C22:1
Δ13
CH3 (CH2 )7 CH=CH(CH2 )11 COOH
cis
-
ω−9
Nervonic acid
C24:1
Δ13
CH3 (CH2 )7 CH=CH(CH2 )13 COOH
cis
King Salmon , flaxseed , Sockeye salmon , sesame seed , macademia nuts [15]
ω−9
Mead acid
C20:3
Δ5,8,11
CH3 (CH2 )7 CH=CHCH2 CH=CHCH2 CH=CH(CH2 )3 COOH
cis
-
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
^ Guesnet P, Alessandri JM (2011). "Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the developing central nervous system (CNS) - Implications for dietary recommendations". Biochimie . 93 (1): 7–12. doi :10.1016/j.biochi.2010.05.005 . PMID 20478353 .
^ Oil, peanut, salad or cooking: search for peanut oil on http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/
^ M. K. Nutter, E. E. Lockhart and R. S. Harris (1943). "The chemical composition of depot fats in chickens and turkeys" . Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society . 20 (11): 231–234. doi :10.1007/BF02630880 .
^ "Olive Oil : Chemical Characteristics" .
^ Beltran; Del Rio, C; Sánchez, S; Martínez, L; et al. (2004). "Influence of Harvest Date and Crop Yield on the Fatty Acid Composition of Virgin Olive Oils from Cv. Picual" (PDF) . J. Agric. Food Chem . 52 (11): 3434–3440. doi :10.1021/jf049894n . PMID 15161211 .
^ Horrobin, D. F., 1990a.
Gamma linolenic acid.
Rev. Contemp. Pharmacother. 1, 1-45
^ Huang, Y.-S. and Mills, D. E. (Eds.), 1996.
Gamma-linolenic acid metabolism and its roles in nutrition and medicine.
AOCS Press, Champagne, Illinois, 319 pp.
^ "Nuts, macadamia nuts, raw" .
^ Natural trans fats may be good for you. May 19, 2008
^ Avato, P; Pesante, MA; Fanizzi, FP; Santos, CA (2003). "Seed oil composition of Paullinia cupana var. Sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke". Lipids . 38 (7): 773–80. doi :10.1007/s11745-003-1126-5 . PMID 14506841 .
^ Villarreal-Lozoya, Jose E.; Lombardini, Leonardo; Cisneros-Zevallos, Luis (2007). "Phytochemical constituents and antioxidant capacity of different pecan Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] cultivars". Food Chemistry . 102 (4): 1241. doi :10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.07.024 .
^
"Comparison of Dietary Fats Chart" . Canola Council of Canada. Retrieved 2008-09-03 .
^ Abbey M, Nestel PJ (1994). "Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity is increased when trans-elaidic acid is substituted for cis-oleic acid in the diet". Atherosclerosis . 106 (1): 99–107. doi :10.1016/0021-9150(94)90086-8 . PMID 8018112 .
^ Miwa, Thomas (1971). "Jojoba Oil Wax Esters and Derived Fatty Acids and Alcohols: Gas Chromatographic Analyses" . Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society . 48 (6): 259–264. Retrieved May 6, 2013 .
^ http://nutritiondata.self.com/foods-000046000000000000000-w.html
Saturated Fatty Acids