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Venetian Dalmatia
Venetian Dalmatia was a territory in Dalmatia that was ruled by the Republic of Venice.
Characteristics[edit]
The Republic of Venice had possessions in the Balkans and in the eastern Mediterranean sea, like the Venetian Albania in the Adriatic sea and the Venetian Ionian Islands in western Greece.
The first control started around 1000 AD, but it was fully consolidated from 1420 AD and lasted until 1797 AD when Venice was occupied by Napoleon.
History[edit]
Starting from Doge Pietro II Orseolo, who ruled Venice from 991 AD, attention towards mainland Veneto was definitely overshadowed by a strong push towards the control of Adriatic Sea. Inner strife was pacified, and trade with the Byzantine Empire boosted by the favourable treaty (Grisobolus or Golden Bull) with Emperor Basil II. The imperial edict granted Venetian traders freedom from taxation paid by other foreigners and the Byzantines themselves. In the year 1000 AD an expedition of venetian ships in coastal Istria and Dalmatia secured the Venetian suzerainty in the area, and Slav pirates were suppressed permanently.
In the occasion Doge Orseolo named himself "Duke of Dalmatia", starting the colonial empire of Venice. He was also responsible of the establishment of the famous "Marriage of the Sea" ceremony. At this time Venice had a firm control over the Adriatic Sea, strengthened by the expedition of Pietro's son Ottone in 1017 AD.
The creation of the Venice's overseas empire began with the conquest of Dalmatia and reached its greatest nominal extent at the conclusion of the Fourth Crusade in 1204 AD, with declaration of the acquisition of three octaves of the Byzantine Empire.[1]
In 1409 AD , during the 20-year Hungarian civil war between King Sigismund and the Neapolitan house of Anjou, the losing contender, Ladislaus of Naples, sold his "rights" on Dalmatia to the Venetian Republic for a meager sum of 100,000 ducats. The more centralized merchant republic took control of the cities by the year 1420 AD (with the exception of the Republic of Ragusa), they were to remain under Venetian rule for a period of 377 years (1420–1797 AD).[2] The southernmost area of Dalmatia (now part of coastal Montenegro) was called Venetian Albania during that time.
In 1797 AD, during the Napoleonic wars, the Republic of Venice was dissolved. The Venetian Dalmatia was included in the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy from 1805 to 1809 AD (the Republic of Ragusa was included in 1808 AD), and in Illyrian Provinces from 1809 AD. After the final defeat of Napoleon, the entire territory was granted to the Austrian Empire by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 AD.
Notes[edit]
Bibliography[edit]
- Norwich, John Julius. A History of Venice. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1982. ISBN 0-394-52410-1