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The Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe
LocationPuerto Vallarta
Country Mexico
DenominationCatholic
TraditionChristianity
History
EventsOur Lady of Guadalupe feast day
Architecture
Designated1930
Architectural typeRenaissance
Years built1930-1940
Completed1940

Description[edit]

The Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe is a Catholic place of worship that is located in Puerto Vallarta on the Pacific Coast of Mexico [1]. The Church built in 1930-1940 was constructed on the original foundations of a chapel originally dedicated to Lady Guadalupe in 1901. The Church dedicated to Lady Guadalupe, also known as the Virgin Mary, is the patron saint of Mexico and is considered a religious symbol of Catholic faith and female empowerment [2]. Her feast day on the 12th of December is also the date of her first apparition. In light of this fiesta, many individuals in the Mexican community will display alters in their homes consisting of a painting of Our Lady of Guadalupe surrounded by flowers, candlelight, and other individual touches [3]. Many churches, including the church located in Puerto Vallarta during this time light fireworks after the evening rosary leading up to the 12th of December. It is on the 12th of December dating back to 1531 that la virgen de Guadalupe had her first interaction with a Mexican man named Juan Diego, which inherently established Catholicism in Mexico [4]. She is depicted as a dark-skinned woman who's dialect is Nahuatl which is Juan Diego’s native language[2]. Originally only classified as a symbol of religion and faith, her significance in current times is one that surpasses beyond the Catholic religion and is seen as a figure of Mexican patriotism and liberation [5].

The Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe with celebratory banners

Location[edit]

Mexico is the third largest country in Latin America following Brazil and Argentina [6]. The country itself is ethnically and regionally diverse with socioeconomic divisions between each region. Mexico is a nation characterised by the extremities of affluence and poverty with little middle classed classified citizens[7]. There is no official religion in Mexico due to the separation between religion and state however more than 80% of individuals affiliate with Roman Catholic religion [8]. The Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe is located in Puerto Vallarta, a resort town that is situated on the pacific coast of Mexico in Jalisco state [1]. Originally commended as a place of culture and sanctity, Puerto Vallarta has transformed into a region of tourism and a place for recreationalist [9]. Puerto Vallarta located in Mexico is known for a vibrant place of celebration and festivities. It is located on the coastal line and is simultaneously known for its beaches, marine life and resorts [9].

History[edit]

Main article: Religion in Mexico
Further information: Christianity
The Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Puerto Vallarta

The history of Our Lady of Guadalupe and ultimately Catholicism in the North America’s surrounds the origin story of the Guadalupian Event. In December 1531 was when the Guadalupian Event took place. Juan Diego, a indigenous Mexican man was 57 years old when he took part in the interaction with La Virgen de Guadalupe [10]. Juan Diego, one of the main protagonists in the event and has been labelled the “Messenger of Hope” [11]. This occurrence between both Lady Guadalupe and Juan Diego was situated on the hill of Tepeyac to the north of Mexico City, which is where the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe is currently located[12]. According to tradition this interaction took place on a winter’s day in 1531 as Juan Diego was crossing a hillside near the current Mexico City [2]. Lady Guadalupe initially asked Juan Diego to build a house, also known as a ‘casita’ on the hill. Juan Diego reported this to the local bishop twice which resulted in the bishop asking for proof. It was then again, the lady appeared to Juan Diego and requested that he collected flowers which was “a strange request because flowers were not in season in December” [2]. It is when he found an array of Castilian roses and assembled them into a tilma or coat which he returned to the bishop as evidence. The lore conveys that as he presented the coat, the flowers toppled to the ground and both the bishop and peasant discovered an image of La Virgen de Guadalupe on the inside [13]. Juan Diego did not hesitate to spread the news of his encounter with the ‘Holy Mary of Guadalupe’ and became a missionary recognised under the names of ‘the humble and obedient Indigenous’, ‘Our Lady’s Visionary’, and ‘The humble Ambassador of the Virgin’ [10]. It is through the sharing of Juan Diego’s encounter and gained knowledge is where the spread and introduction of Christianity began in Mexico.

Saints[edit]

Main article: Patron Saint
Further information: Our Lady of Guadalupe
Image of Virgen de Guadalupe

The Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Puerto Vallarta is a Catholic place of worship that is dedicated to the patron saint of Mexico, Our Lady of Guadalupe. A patron saint refers to a saint who is the designated protector over a society, church or place and who is venerated as an intercessor before God [14]. Our Lady of Guadalupe was acclaimed “Empress of the Americas” in 1945 by Pope Pious XXII and is a symbol of Mexican culture and liberation [2]. According to Mexican religious tradition she is the mother of God and humanity. It is through her interaction with Juan Diego that the beginning of Catholicism began in Mexico, providing a new era of religious belief progressing from the Aztec polytheistic culture and belief in Aztec mother goddess Tonantzin [4]. It was in the sixteenth century that the increase of the cult of Our Lady of Guadalupe began to form and creations of poems, sermons and the first artistic replicas of the original art of her image arose expressing the new cultural nature of Mexico [15]. Her feast day lies on the 12th of December and is a commemoration of the date in 1531 that she first appeared to Juan Diego [16]. Our Lady of Guadalupe offered a different style of devotion, “She didn’t say, go to church or say the rosary” instead she proclaimed that if followers “love me, trust me and believe in me” she will respond [2].

Arts and Architecture[edit]

Main article: Religious art
Further information: Church architecture
The Crown of The Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe pillar

Art[edit]

The first image of Our Lady of Guadalupe dated back to the origins of her interaction with Juan Diego, in which an image of her was miraculously discovered underneath the coat [2]. In traditional paintings, artworks and tapestry’s, she is depicted as a dark-skinned woman atop of a crescent moon with angels located beside her feet [2]. Baltasar de Echave is the painter of ‘Virgin of Gudalupe’ (1606) which is the oldest signed and dated artwork of the patron saint [17]. Other artists have painted copies of The Virgin of Guadalupe, such as Nicolás Enríquez's painting in 1773 which is the most widely venerated sacred image in New Spain[18]. The original tilma or cloak that contained the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe is still existent and contained in the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico City upon Tepeyak Hill [19].  In the Puerto Vallarta church, there is a replica image of Our Lady of Guadalupe that people revere, painted by Ignacio Ramirez in 1945, this oil painting is located in the forefront of the church above the altar[1].


Architecture[edit]

The Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe (Puerto Vallarta) is located in the centre of the town square and was built in 1930-1940. The church itself is not a sophisticated design and is an encapsulation of the parish priest’s ideas and the past rustic townscape. The body of the church has a neoclassical structure and the crown located above the main building is indicative of baroque style European temples[1]. The original church crown suffered erosion due to the weather and was restored in 1981, however in 1995 it was once again damaged due to a strong earthquake that disrupted Colina and was replaced with a temporary fibre glass model [1]. In 2009, Carlos Terres a Jaliscan artist sculptured and rebuilt a replacement for the crown. The towers of the church also reflect a renaissance time period[20]. Father Luis Ramirez within the Parish Documents refers to the Church as “an expression of village art, which symbolises the authentic urban look of Puerto Vallarta”[1].

Celebrations[edit]

Main article: Mexico
Further information: Culture of Mexico

The most prominent celebration is that of Our Lady of Guadalupe. It is a fiesta that is held on the 12th of December to commemorate her first apparition with Juan Diego and has been celebrated on this date every year for the past 400 years[21]. This celebration begins with the lighting of candles nation-wide in honour of The Virgin Guadalupe, the patron saint of Mexico. Her image depicts a dark-skinned woman with a moon and angel located by her feet, as well as a circulation of light rays around her[2]. Many churches, including The Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Puerto Vallarta, celebrate this event with the lighting of fireworks after the evening rosary commonly 10 days leading up to December 12th[21]. Depending on the specific district there have been towns that organise parades and or processions that follow altars of Lady Guadalupe and include children who dress as either the Indigenous Juan Diego or the Virgin Mary herself. In Puerto Vallarta the celebration trails down the cobblestone street from Juarez street to the Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe, it is where businesses, food stands, families and religious unions form a line that moulds the celebratory laneway. There are commonly mariachi bands and traditional dancers included within the festivities[22]. In light of this event, Mexican homeowners will usually create a shrine in honour of the patron saint, covering and surrounding the memorial with flowers, candles, individual torches and other trinkets alike[21]. Catholic Christian citizens usually awake before sunrise on the 12th of December to sing of the virgin in local churches and cathedrals and follow with a communal feast of traditional Mexican meals such as atole and prozole which is a corn-based drink and a pork and hominy stew, both customary meals consumed on her feast day[21]. This day is essentially considered a significant annual day for Mexican citizens both religious and non-religious to celebrate their culture and faith.

Significance[edit]

Main article: Feminism in Latin America

Our Lady of Guadalupe has also been perceived as a symbol of Mexican female liberation and power and has simultaneously been heavily associated with feminist theology. Feminist theology surrounds the belief of equality between men and women, the creation of peace and implementations of justice in religion [23]. She has often been considered as a symbol of maternity, female empowerment and social justice and which has been celebrated by women not only in Mexico but in the region of Latin America and the United States[2].

The Spanish Conquest of Mexico was not only a revolt and a conquest of people, but it was simultaneously a conquest of women, captured by force and used for gift exchange and or trade[24]. It is through this origin, that Mexican-American women in current times as a result pursued in the attainment for agency through the construction of their own lives as Our Lady of Guadalupe remains a symbol of dignity and an affirmation of individuals lives who are questioned[25]. Moreover, the Spanish Conquest of Mexico was not only a time for military defence but also the overrule of old traditions, rituals and gods[15]. To the Indians, Our Lady of Guadalupe is more than a symbol of life and hope, she provides them with hopes of salvation[15]. Depicted as a virgin she encapsulates feministic and maternal attributes and remains a powerful symbol of motherhood, feminism and social justice[2]. In the modern day, Lady Guadalupe who has originally been associated as a symbol of Catholicism and Religion, has surpassed religious ties and in place has interconnected with the culture and civilisation of Mexico[2]. Extending beyond the patron confines of Mexico, in the Unites States of America she has been at times utilised as a social justice icon and presents an influential appeal to those who lack power in society[2]. She stands for life, health and hope and is considered as not only a supernatural mother but also a natural mother that symbolises both political and religious aspirations[15]. Ultimately, Our Lady of Guadalupe is a collective representation of Mexican society and reflects the emotions and relationships of Mexican life[15].

Reference List[edit]

Category:Christianity Category:South America Category:Saints Category:Catholic Church in Mexico Category:History of Catholicism in South America

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Puerto Vallarta's Our Lady of Guadalupe Parish / Church". Puerto Vallarta. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Our Lady of Guadalupe is a powerful symbol of Mexican identity". NBC News. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  3. ^ "December 12 Celebrating Virgin of Guadalupe – Mexico News". www.solmexiconews.com. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  4. ^ a b Chavez, Eduardo (2006). Our Lady of Guadalupe and Saint Juan Diego: The Historical Evidence. United States of America: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc. pp. xx. ISBN 9780742551053.
  5. ^ Peterson, Jeanette. "The Virgin of Guadalupe: Symbol of Conquest or Liberation?" (PDF). College Art Association. 51: 47 – via JSTOR.
  6. ^ nationsonline.org, klaus kästle-. "Mexico - Country Profile - Nations Online Project". www.nationsonline.org. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  7. ^ "Mexico country profile". BBC News. 2018-12-03. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  8. ^ "Mexican Culture - Dates of Significance". Cultural Atlas. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  9. ^ a b Everitt, John (15 May 2017). "The imprints of tourism on Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico". The Canadian Geographer. 52: 87 – via Wiley Online Library Database Model 2020.
  10. ^ a b Chavez, Eduardo (2006). Our Lady of Guadalupe and Saint Juan Diego: The Historical Evidence. United States of America: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Inc. pp. xxviii. ISBN 9780742551053.
  11. ^ Chavez, Eduardo (2006). Our Lady of Guadalupe and Saint Juan Diego: The Historical Evidence. United States of America: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing inc. pp. xxvii. ISBN 9780742551053.
  12. ^ Peterson, Jeanette (1992). "The Virgin of Guadalupe: Symbol of Conquest or Liberation?" (PDF). College art association. 51: 39 – via JSTOR.
  13. ^ staff, KHOU com. "The history of the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  14. ^ "Patron Saints – Our Catholic Faith". Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  15. ^ a b c d e "Our Lady of Guadalupe: Mexican National Symbol : University of Dayton, Ohio". udayton.edu. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  16. ^ Brading, David (2001). Our Lady of Guadalupe and Saint Juan Diego: The Historical Evidence. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. xxvii. ISBN 9780742551053.
  17. ^ Chavez, Eduardo (2006). Our Lady of Guadalupe and Saint Juan Diego: The Historical Evidence. United States of America: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Inc. p. 51. ISBN 9780742551053.
  18. ^ "The Virgin of Guadalupe with the Four Apparitions". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 2020-05-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  19. ^ Noreen, K 2017, ‘Negotiating the Original: Copying the Virgin of Guadalupe’ Visual Resources, vol. 33, no. 3-4, pp. 364, doi: 10.1080/01973762.2017.1276727.
  20. ^ "The Crown of Our Lady of Guadalupe Parish, José Esteban Ramírez Guareño (1965)". Puerto Vallarta. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  21. ^ a b c d "December 12 Celebrating Virgin of Guadalupe – Mexico News". www.solmexiconews.com. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  22. ^ "Puerto Vallarta Holiday & Events Calendar". Puerto Vallarta. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  23. ^ Welch, Sharon (2017). Communities of Resistance and Solidarity: A Feminist Theology of Liberation. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 7. ISBN 9781532616969.
  24. ^ Rodriguez, Jeanette (1994). Our Lady of Guadalupe: Faith and Empowerment among Mexican-American Women. United States of America: University of Texas Press. p. 4. ISBN 9780292787728.
  25. ^ "Every year millions of miracle-seeking pilgrims visit Mexico City". History. 2019-12-24. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
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