User:JessieL2001/2022 Winter Olympics

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Venues[edit]

Location of the three Beijing 2022 clusters
Beijing National Stadium
National Aquatics Center
Beijing National Speed Skating Oval
Shougang Big Air Venue

There are three different clusters of venues designed and constructed for the 2022 Winter Olympics, each respectively known as the Beijing Zone, the Zhangjiakou Zone, and the Yanging Zone.[1]

Beijing Zone:[2][edit]

Venues in The Beijing Zone exist in different conditions; some were recently constructed exclusively for the 2022 games, while the rest were renovated from the 2008 Summer Olympics or other existing sites.[3] The Beijing Zone of the 2022 Winter Olympics consisted of six competition venues and was where the Opening and Closing Ceremonies, both the 2022 Winter Olympics and 2008 Summer Olympics, took place.[4]

The Beijing National Stadium was an iconic venue in the Beijing Zone, and it is also known as the Bird's Nest (鸟巢; Niǎocháo).[5] The Beijing National Stadium was the site that hosted the Opening and Closing Ceremonies for the 2022 Winter Olympics, but it was no longer a venue for any competition in 2022. [6]

The National Aquatics Center (国家游泳中心 Guójiā Yóuyǒng Zhōngxīn /gwor-jyaa yoh-yong jong-sshin/), also known as the Water Cube, was the venue for Curling competition.[7] In the 2022 Winter Olympics, the National Aquatics Center became the first Olympic venue to incorporate a curling track in the swimming pool.[8]

The Shougang Big Air (首钢滑雪大跳台中心 Shǒugāng Huáxuě Dàtiàotái Zhōngxīn /shoh-gung hwaa-sshwair daa-tyao-teye jong-sshin/) was a newly constructed site for the 2022 Winter Olympics.[9] The Shougang Big Air hosted the freestyle skiing and snowboarding events.[10]

The Wukesong Sports Centre (五棵松体育馆 Wǔkēsōng Tǐyùguǎn /woo-ker-song tee-yoo-gwan/) was under an 8-months renovation for the 2022 Winter Olympics. In February 2022, the Wukesong Sports Centre hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics Men's and Women's ice hockey tournaments.[11]

The National Indoor Stadium (国家体育馆 Guójiā Tǐyùguǎn /gwor-jyaa tee-yoo-gwan/) was the second venue for the ice hockey tournament for the 2022 Winter Olympics, besides the Wukesong Sports Centre.[12]

The National Speed Skating Oval (国家速滑馆 Guójiā Sùhuáguǎn /gwor-jyaa soo-hwaa-gwan/) has the nickname "Ice Ribbon" due to its exterior design.[13] The National Speed Skating Oval was the venue for speed skating in the 2022 Winter Olympics.[14]

The Capital Indoor Stadium (首都体育馆 Shǒudū Tǐyùguǎn), also known as the Capital Gymnasium, was a venue adapted from the 2008 Summer Olympics and was reconstructed for short-track speed skating and figure skating competitions in the 2022 Winter Olympics.[15]

The United States Diplomatic Boycott of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics[16][edit]

Reason for the Boycott:[edit]

According to the White House press secretary Jen Psaki, the U.S. boycott of China's winter Olympics was predominantly due to China's human rights issues on topics such as the abusive genocide of the Uyghurs, Tibetans and the protest in Hong Kong in 2019.[17] The Chinese government implemented many coercive activities in those regions, such as the reeducation campus, mass detention camps, and restricted access to social media.[18]

Key Event Timeline:[edit]

In October 2018, U.S. senator Marco Rubio, Senator Jeff Merkley, and Congressmen James McGovern and Chris Smith sent a letter, on behalf of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China (CECC), to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) requesting the revocation of China’s host right on the 2022 Winter Olympics.[19]The letter stated that “no Olympics should be held in a country whose government is committing genocide and crimes against humanity.”[20]

In November 2021, President Biden proposed “a diplomatic boycott of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.”[21] The United States is aware of the prospective harsh punishment of being suspended by the National Olympic Committee and was careful regarding the scale and severity of the boycott.[22]

In December 2021, the Biden administration officially initiated a diplomatic boycott of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, restricting U.S. government officials' presence to the game.[23]

In February 2022, Team USA attended the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics without U.S. representatives' support.[24]

Reactions to the Boycott:[edit]

The IOC:

The IOC remained relatively neutral regarding the letter from CECC or the boycott.[25] The IOC negotiated with the Chinese government on specific protocols to ensure the Olympics game runs smoothly, such as providing unrestricted internet access to foreign journalists.[26]

China:

From China’s perspective, the U.S. is “politicizing sports” with the Biden Boycott of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.[27] The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson, Zhao Lijian, accused the U.S. of violating the spirit of political neutrality endorsed in the Olympic Charter, emphasizing that an Olympic game should not be a place for political posturing and manipulation.[28] China announced that the U.S. was not yet officially invited by the host committee; thus, the U.S. should not initiate the boycott in the first place.[29]

International:

Following the U.S., many countries in the Western world decided to join the diplomatic boycott to show disapproval of China’s human rights issues, such as the U.K, Australia, and Canada.[30][31]

Media:

According to a research study by the Pew Research Center, more than half of American citizens support the diplomatic boycott of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.[32]

Team USA:[edit]

Despite the boycott, Team USA, comprised of 224 athletes, attended the 2022 Winter Olympics on January 24, 2022. In the final tally, Team USA successfully obtained 25 medals made of eight gold, ten silver, and seven bronze.[33]




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  2. ^ "Beijing 2022 Venue Guide: Beijing Zone". Team Canada - Official Olympic Team Website. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  3. ^ "Beijing 2022 Venue Guide: Beijing Zone". Team Canada - Official Olympic Team Website. Retrieved 2022-10-09.
  4. ^ "Beijing 2022 Venue Guide: Beijing Zone". Team Canada - Official Olympic Team Website. Retrieved 2022-10-09.
  5. ^ "Beijing National Stadium", Wikipedia, 2022-09-11, retrieved 2022-10-09
  6. ^ Mullin • •, Eric. "Here's Where the Closing Ceremony Is Being Held in Beijing". NBC Bay Area. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
  7. ^ Coliseum (2020-12-03). "'Water Cube' revamped for Beijing 2022". Coliseum. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
  8. ^ "EXPLAINER: Water Cube where Phelps ruled turns into Ice Cube". AP NEWS. 2022-02-03. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
  9. ^ "Big Air Shougang set to host ski jumping at Beijing Winter Olympics". Dezeen. 2022-02-03. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
  10. ^ "Big Air Shougang", Wikipedia, 2022-02-26, retrieved 2022-10-11
  11. ^ "五棵松体育中心_北京2022年冬奥会_新华网". www.news.cn. Retrieved 2022-10-09.
  12. ^ world, STIR. "A look at the stadiums hosting the Olympic Games Beijing 2022". www.stirworld.com. Retrieved 2022-10-09.
  13. ^ "Beijing National Speed Skating Oval", Wikipedia, 2022-05-08, retrieved 2022-10-11
  14. ^ "Speed skating at the 2022 Winter Olympics", Wikipedia, 2022-04-09, retrieved 2022-10-11
  15. ^ "A look at the venues for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 2022-10-09.
  16. ^ "Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics", Wikipedia, 2022-08-17, retrieved 2022-10-03
  17. ^ Singman, Brooke (2021-12-06). "Biden administration will not send any official representation to 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, Psaki says". Fox News. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
  18. ^ "Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics", Wikipedia, 2022-08-17, retrieved 2022-10-03
  19. ^ "Rubio Joins CECC Commissioners Asking IOC President to Postpone and Relocate 2022 Winter Olympics If China Does Not End Abuses". U.S. Senator for Florida, Marco Rubio. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
  20. ^ "Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics", Wikipedia, 2022-08-17, retrieved 2022-10-09
  21. ^ "The Biden Boycott of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics". www.csis.org. Retrieved 2022-10-09.
  22. ^ "The Biden Boycott of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics". www.csis.org. Retrieved 2022-10-09.
  23. ^ Sullivan, Allie Malloy,Kate (2021-12-06). "White House announces US diplomatic boycott of 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved 2022-10-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ "United States at the 2022 Winter Olympics", Wikipedia, 2022-06-11, retrieved 2022-10-09
  25. ^ Andy Blatchford. "IOC member says diplomatic boycott of Olympics won't sway Beijing". POLITICO. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
  26. ^ "The Biden Boycott of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics". www.csis.org. Retrieved 2022-10-03.
  27. ^ "外交部发言人：美国政客在没有受到邀请情况下外交抵制北京冬奥会是自作多情、哗众取宠、政治操弄_中华人民共和国驻美利坚合众国大使馆". us.china-embassy.gov.cn. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
  28. ^ "Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Zhao Lijian's Regular Press Conference on December 7, 2021". www.fmprc.gov.cn. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
  29. ^ "China responds after U.S. announces diplomatic boycott of 2022 Beijing Olympics". CBSSports.com. Retrieved 2022-10-11.
  30. ^ "The Biden Boycott of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics". www.csis.org. Retrieved 2022-10-03.
  31. ^ "Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics", Wikipedia, 2022-08-17, retrieved 2022-10-03
  32. ^ Gómez, Vianney. "More adults approve than disapprove of U.S. diplomatic boycott of Olympics; few have heard much about it". Pew Research Center. Retrieved 2022-10-03.
  33. ^ "United States at the 2022 Winter Olympics", Wikipedia, 2022-06-11, retrieved 2022-10-03
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