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Role[edit]

The biomechanical role of the acetabular labrum is not fully understood ^[1]. It is thought to help stabilize and decrease contact stress on the hip joint by increasing contact area and acting as a sealing mechanism for the synovial fluid in the joint. This allows some load to be carried by fluid pressurization ^[2]. The labrum is primarily avascular and thus has poor ability to heal ^[3].

Mechanism of Injury[edit]

It is estimated that 75% of acetabular labrum tears have an unknown cause ^[4]. Tears of the labrum have been credited to a variety of causes such as excessive force, hip dislocation, capsular hip hypermobility, hip dysplasia, and hip degeneration ^[5]. A tight iliopsoas tendon has also been attributed to labrum tears by causing compression or traction injuries that eventually lead to a labrum tear ^[6]. Most labrum tears are thought to be from gradual tear due to repetitive microtrauma ^[7]. Incidents of labrum tears increase with age, suggesting that they may also be caused by deterioration through the aging process ^[8]. Labrum tears in athletes can occur from a single event or recurring trauma ^[9]. Running can cause labrum tears due to the labrum being used more for weight bearing and taking excessive forces while at the end-range motion of the leg; hyperabduction, hyperextention, hyperflexion, excessive external rotation ^[10]. Sporting activities are likely causes, specifically those that require frequent lateral rotation or pivoting on a loaded femur as in hockey or ballet ^[11]. Constant hip rotation places increased stress on the capsular tissue and damage to the iliofemoral ligament. This in turn causes hip rotational instability putting increased pressure on the labrum ^[12]. Tears of the hip labrum can be classified in a variety of ways, including morphology, etiology, location, or severity ^[13].

^ Smith, M., Panchal, H., Ruberte, R., & Sekiya, J. (2011). Effect of acetabular labrum tears on hip stability and labral strain in a joint compression model. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, 103S-110S.
^ Aly, A., Rajasekaran, S., & Obaid, H. (2012). MRI morphometric hip comparison analysis of anterior acetabular labral tears. Skeletal Radiology, 42, 1245 - 1252.
^ Lewis, C., & Sahrmann, S. (2006). Acetabular Labral Tears. Physical Therapy, 86(1), 110 - 121.
^ Lewis, C., & Sahrmann, S. (2006). Acetabular Labral Tears. Physical Therapy, 86(1), 110 - 121.
^ Lewis, C., & Sahrmann, S. (2006). Acetabular Labral Tears. Physical Therapy, 86(1), 110 - 121.
^ Smith, M., Panchal, H., Ruberte, R., & Sekiya, J. (2011). Effect of acetabular labrum tears on hip stability and labral strain in a joint compression model. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, 103S-110S.
^ Lewis, C., & Sahrmann, S. (2006). Acetabular Labral Tears. Physical Therapy, 86(1), 110 - 121.
^ Lewis, C., & Sahrmann, S. (2006). Acetabular Labral Tears. Physical Therapy, 86(1), 110 - 121.
^ Rylander, L., Froelich, J., Novicoff, W., & Saleh, K. (2010). Femoroacetabular impingement and acetabular labral tears. Orthopedics, 33(5), 342-350
^ Rylander, L., Froelich, J., Novicoff, W., & Saleh, K. (2010). Femoroacetabular impingement and acetabular labral tears. Orthopedics, 33(5), 342-350
^ Lewis, C., & Sahrmann, S. (2006). Acetabular Labral Tears. Physical Therapy, 86(1), 110 - 121.
^ Rylander, L., Froelich, J., Novicoff, W., & Saleh, K. (2010). Femoroacetabular impingement and acetabular labral tears. Orthopedics, 33(5), 342-350
^ Groh, M., & Herrera, J. (2009). A comprehensive review of hip labral tears. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine, 2, 105-117.

[1] Smith, M., Panchal, H., Ruberte, R., & Sekiya, J. (2011). Effect of acetabular labrum tears on hip stability and labral strain in a joint compression model. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, 103S-110S.

[2] Aly, A., Rajasekaran, S., & Obaid, H. (2012). MRI morphometric hip comparison analysis of anterior acetabular labral tears. Skeletal Radiology, 42, 1245 - 1252.

[3] Lewis, C., & Sahrmann, S. (2006). Acetabular Labral Tears. Physical Therapy, 86(1), 110 - 121.

[4] Lewis, C., & Sahrmann, S. (2006). Acetabular Labral Tears. Physical Therapy, 86(1), 110 - 121.

[5] Lewis, C., & Sahrmann, S. (2006). Acetabular Labral Tears. Physical Therapy, 86(1), 110 - 121.

[6] Smith, M., Panchal, H., Ruberte, R., & Sekiya, J. (2011). Effect of acetabular labrum tears on hip stability and labral strain in a joint compression model. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, 103S-110S.

[7] Lewis, C., & Sahrmann, S. (2006). Acetabular Labral Tears. Physical Therapy, 86(1), 110 - 121.

[8] Lewis, C., & Sahrmann, S. (2006). Acetabular Labral Tears. Physical Therapy, 86(1), 110 - 121.

[9] Rylander, L., Froelich, J., Novicoff, W., & Saleh, K. (2010). Femoroacetabular impingement and acetabular labral tears. Orthopedics, 33(5), 342-350

[10] Rylander, L., Froelich, J., Novicoff, W., & Saleh, K. (2010). Femoroacetabular impingement and acetabular labral tears. Orthopedics, 33(5), 342-350

[11] Lewis, C., & Sahrmann, S. (2006). Acetabular Labral Tears. Physical Therapy, 86(1), 110 - 121.

[12] Rylander, L., Froelich, J., Novicoff, W., & Saleh, K. (2010). Femoroacetabular impingement and acetabular labral tears. Orthopedics, 33(5), 342-350

[13] Groh, M., & Herrera, J. (2009). A comprehensive review of hip labral tears. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine, 2, 105-117.

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