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Final Draft[edit]
Energy Infrastructure[edit]
Accessibility to Energy[edit]
Energy consumption play a vital role in the development of Niger's economic and environmental sustainability.[1] Unfortunately, the sovereign state has insufficent access to the energy it needs. The country's energy consumption is considered one of the lowest in the world.[2] Niger's existing systems of energy consumption are also very underdeveloped to sustain energy efficiency within the state. Electricity access between urban areas such as Niamey enable 50 percent electricity service, and rural areas with 20 to 40 percent electricity service, with a region at its low of 10 percent electricity service.[3] Niger attempts to meet the demand for energy by utilizing the resources provided to the country, including independent producers such as NIGELEC, imported electricity from Nigeria, and the limited natural resources around them. Importation from Nigeria is essential to Niger's energy consumption, and to provide electricity support there are 5 interconnected lines between the two regions that transfer electricity from one area to another. From 1976 to 2008 the electrical lines from Nigeria to Niger carried 40 MW, and in 2008 the lines were upgraded to support 80 MW to assist in the growing energy needs of Niger, but the capacity of the lines supported less than expected.[1] Furthermore, other demands for electricity are met by NIGELEC, providing Diesel generator and thermal coal plants to create fuel for rent.[4]
Primary Energy Outlets[edit]
Niger has three major energy consumption outlets; oil products, biofuel and waste, and electricity. As of 2016, Niger's energy consumption includes 486 ktoe via oil products, 2,217 ktoe via biofuel and waste, and 84 ktoe via electricity.[5] Niger's dominate source of energy includes wood and charcoal, also known as biomass. Out of the 2,747 ktoe of energy supply in the country, 70% of it is from biomass. Households use up to 90% of biomass because of the lack of modern energy available, and the increased rates of imported energy that some cannot afford.[2] The oil products predominately used are liquiefied patroleum gas, motor gasoline, gas and diesel, other kerosene, and fuel oil.[5]
Sustainable and Renewable Energy[edit]
Niger also gets partial access from hydro electirc power from dams created alongside the Niger River.[6] Hydro electric power contributes about 280 MW to Niger's energy collectively from several hydropower sources, this includes 130 MW from the Kandadji, 122.5 from River Niger in Gambou, and 26 MW from Dyondyonga in Mekrou.[4] Getting renewable energy via hydropower has had contriversial arguments due to the importance of rainfall in acquiring energy. Again, these hydro electric power dams are creating energy for Niger via Nigeria. [6]
Solar energy has also been used to provide energy access. From 2004 to 2010 solar power generation was implemented, but there was a significant drop from 2010 to 2012. However, since 2016 appoximately 5 Gwh of solar power was used.[5]
Niger has potential to provide sustainable and renewable energy access within the country, which will help increase its energy intake and work with the growing demands of the population. Several projects have been discussed to bring solar power, hydropower, grid power, and wind power in works to create clean energy.
Many NGOs are working on funding projects to provide sustainable and renewable energy in parts of Africa. Affording the resources to create sustainable energy is one of the biggest barrier Niger faces, but agencies such as International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and AbuDhabi Fund for Development (ADFD) are funding low developing countries, including Niger, to help develop local renewable projects. Theses agencies will support projects including a hybrid micro-grid project emploting solar PV and advanced lithium-ion batteries, a hydropower project, integrated wind and solar, and a combination project consisting of micro-grid and solar home kits. In addition, Lighting Africa, an NGO primarily working in Niger, is assisting in sustainable energy development through two World Bank-sponsored Energy Access Projects: the Niger Solar Electricity Project (NESAP), and the Regional Off-Grid Electrification Project (ROGEP). These projects will work with grid systems in two piloting countries, and this includes Niger. They will aim to increase electricity access in households, businesses, and communities through modern off-grid electrification.
- ^ a b Moumouni, Yacouba; Ahmad, Sajjad; Baker, R. Jacob (2015-01-19). "A System Dynamics Model for Energy Planning in Niger". International Journal of Energy and Power Engineering. 3 (6): 308. doi:10.11648/j.ijepe.20140306.14. ISSN 2326-960X.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b "EZ Proxy | California State University, Long Beach". login.csulb.idm.oclc.org. Retrieved 2018-12-06.
- ^ World Bank. 2015. Niger - Electricity Access Expansion Project (English). Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/918311468179953735/Niger-Electricity-Access-Expansion-Project
- ^ a b Gado, Salifou (2015). "The Energy Sector of Niger: Perspectives and Opportunities" (PDF). energycharter.org.
- ^ a b c "Statistics". www.iea.org. Retrieved 2018-11-03.
- ^ a b "EZ Proxy | California State University, Long Beach". csulb.idm.oclc.org. Retrieved 2018-11-03.