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In the Philippines, Allhallowtide is known as Undas, which incorporates All Saints' Day[a] and All Souls' Day.[b] Filipinos traditionally observe this day by visiting their family's graves to clean and repair the tombs. Prayers for the dead are recited, while offerings are made, the most common being flowers, candles, food,[1] and for Chinese Filipinos, incense and kim. Many also spend the day and ensuing night holding reunions at the graves with feasting and merriment.[citation needed]

[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]

Etymology[edit]

The Filipino word Undas derives from the Spanish term Honras, meaning "honors", as in "with honors".

History[edit]

Observance and traditions[edit]

Pangangaluluwa[edit]

Though Halloween is usually seen as an American influence, the country's trick-or-treat traditions during Undas are actually much older. This tradition was derived from the pre-colonial tradition of pangangaluluwa. From "káluluwâ" ("spirit double"), it was a practice of early Filipinos, swathed in blankets, going from house to house, and singing as they pretended to be the spirits of ancestors. If the owner of the house failed to give biko or rice cakes to the "nangángalúluwâ", the "spirits" would play tricks (such as stealing slippers or other objects left outside the house, or run off with the family's chickens). Pangángaluluwâ practices are still seen in some rural areas.[citation needed]

The practice of pangangaluluwa is folk tradition where people visit houses at night to sing songs related to All Saints' Day, and All Souls' Day to solicit for gifts. The practice is more common in the rural areas and is often done by children[26] or teenagers.[27]

According to the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), the practice is usually done on October 31, the day before the "Day of the Dead" (Araw ng mga Patay), also known as All Saints' Day. As per tradition, participants of pangangaluluwa solicits people in front of their houses similar to what is done in harana and karoling and sings songs pretending to be lost souls in purgatory. Visited homes are expected to give kakanin or something else which the "lost souls" could bring back to the world of the dead.[27]

The NCCA also describes a superstition associated with pangangaluluwa. According to tradition, the door which connects the world of the living and dead opens during All Saints Day which causes the souls who died on November 1 to return to the world of the living. Kakanin or various sticky rice cakes as well as food products made from sweet potato and purple yam is usually prepared as a tribute to the souls who are said to be hungry for food and attention.[27]

The NCCA has cited pangangaluluwa as one of the evidence of Filipino belief in the afterlife as well as the existence of relations between the living and the souls of the dead.[27]

In Sariaya, Quezon[edit]

In the town of Sariaya, Quezon, pangangaluluwa is often observed from October 27 to 28. A dying tradition in the town, the tradition was revived by the local tourism council in 2005 as an annual fundraising for the local government's belen festival in December and the development of the local tourism in general. It was usually held on November 1 according to an account of a resident senior citizen born in 1920, after families have returned to their houses from their cemetery visits. The modern practice of pangangaluluwa in Sariaya town involves children dressing in scary costumes similar to the Western practice of trick-or-treating.[26]

Cemetery and reunion practices[edit]

During Undas, families visit the graves of loved ones. It is believed that by going to the cemetery and offering food, candles, flowers, and sometimes incense, the spirits are remembered and appeased. Contrary to common belief, this visitation practice is not an imported tradition. Prior to the use of coffins, pre-colonial Filipinos were already visiting burial caves throughout the archipelago as confirmed by research conducted by the University of the Philippines. The tradition of atang or hain is also practiced, where food and other offerings are placed at the gravesite. If the family cannot visit, a specific area in the house is set aside for ritual offerings.[citation needed]

The present date of Undas, November 1, is not a pre-colonial observance but an import from Mexico, where it is known as the Day of the Dead. Pre-colonial Filipinos preferred going to the burial caves of the departed occasionally as they believed that the aswang would take the corpse of the dead if it was not properly guarded. Watching over the body of the dead is called "paglalamay". However, in some communities, this paglalamay tradition is non-existent and is replaced by other pre-colonial traditions unique to each community.[citation needed]

Undas is also seen as a family holiday, where members living elsewhere to their hometowns to visit ancestral graves. Family members are expected to remain beside the grave for the entire day and socialize with each other to strengthen ties. In some cases, family members going to graves may exceed one hundred people. Fighting in any form is taboo during Undas.[citation needed]

Role of children[edit]

Children are allowed to play with melted candles left at tombs, which they form into wax balls. The round balls symbolize the affirmation that everything goes back to where it began, as the living will return to dust from whence it came. In some cases, families also light candles by the front door, their number equivalent to the number of departed loved ones. It is believed that the lights aid the spirits and guide them to the afterlife.[28][29][30]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ known as Todos los Santos (Spanish for "All [of the] Saints")
  2. ^ known as Araw ng mga Patay (Tagalog for "Day of the Dead") or Araw ng mga Yumao ("Day of those who have passed away")

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ "All Saints Day around the world". The Guardian. November 1, 2010. Retrieved September 11, 2021.
  2. ^ "Cashing in on Todos los Santos". The Manila Times. November 1, 2006. p. 4. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  3. ^ Papa, Ivy S. (October 30, 2002). "Halloween's not all fun and games". Philippine Daily Inquirer. p. 4. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  4. ^ Sablan, Niño Mark M. (October 30, 2002). "Halloween becomes part of Pinoy culture". Philippine Daily Inquirer. p. 6. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  5. ^ Doyo, Ma. Ceres P. (November 2, 2006). "Limbo rocked". Human Face. Philippine Daily Inquirer. p. 11. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  6. ^ Cruz, Elfren S. (October 31, 2013). "The story of Undas". The Philippine Star. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  7. ^ Orejas, Tonette (October 31, 2014). "'Undas' a difficult time for 'desaparecidos' kin". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  8. ^ "Pray, not feast, on 'Undas' weekend, bishops urge". SunStar. October 31, 2019. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  9. ^ Alivio, Cristina E. (October 31, 2019). "Delicacies that Undas brings". SunStar. Retrieved September 23, 2022.
  10. ^ Mayeda, Olivia Cruz (October 27, 2022). "Celebrate Undas, the Filipino Day of the Dead, in San Francisco". The San Francisco Standard. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
  11. ^ Farolan, Ramon J. (October 30, 2022). "Two working days lost to tradition". Third Eye. The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
  12. ^ Orejas, Tonette (October 30, 2022). "Pampanga's ritual for the dead lives on". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
  13. ^ Woolsey, Barbara (October 24, 2022). "The Disappearing Philippine Tradition of 'Souling' for Rice Cakes". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
  14. ^ Cruz, Elfren S. (October 30, 2022). "Undas: How it began". Breakthrough. The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
  15. ^ Quieta, Racquel (October 27, 2020). "The colorful history of Dia de los Muertos or Day of the Dead". GMA News. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
  16. ^ Lasco, Gideon (November 5, 2021). "Celebrating the dead". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
  17. ^ Corrales, Nestor (November 2, 2014). "Tradition, reunions, tribute, business for Filipinos on 'day of the dead'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
  18. ^ Herico, Adrian Carlo (October 31, 2019). "All Saints', All Souls', 2 different days for the dead". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
  19. ^ Sangco, AC (November 1, 2022). "Visitation: The Filipino Way To Celebrate Undas". Vogue Philippines. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  20. ^ Baclig, Cristina Eloisa (November 2, 2022). "Keeping Filipinos' Undas traditions alive". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  21. ^ Viado, Maria Viktoria (November 1, 2022). "UNDAS 2022: Holiday commemoration under the 'new normal'". Philippine Information Agency. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  22. ^ Garcia, Clarissa; Gacura, Timothy (October 27, 2022). "Undas traditions: Remembering the dead with 'atang' food, candles and pinewood fire". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  23. ^ Viernes, Franchesca (November 1, 2021). "Why All Saints' Day in the Philippines is called Undas". GMA News. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  24. ^ Calantas, Rhenjie Marie (November 1, 2022). "A tradition of food during 'Undas'". Panay News. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  25. ^ Angeles, Manny (November 7, 2022). "Undas: Coming to terms with our mortality". Daily Tribune. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  26. ^ a b Mallari, Delfin, Jr. (October 31, 2014). "'Pangangaluluwa': Reviving a dying custom". Retrieved November 5, 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ a b c d "panganagaluluwa". Flickr (in Filipino). National Commission for Culture and the Arts. June 9, 2015. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
  28. ^ "Contemporary Undas practices derived from pre-colonial influence, beliefs – cultural anthropologist". GMA News. October 31, 2014. Retrieved September 11, 2021.
  29. ^ Cruz, Elfren S. (October 31, 2013). "Undas in Filipino culture". The Philippine Star. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
  30. ^ Miaco, Mimi (October 29, 2015). "10 Things Pinoys Do During Undas". Spot. Retrieved December 6, 2018.

External links[edit]

Category:Allhallowtide Category:Christian festivals in the Philippines

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