User:Fj42/St John's Anglican Church Precinct
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| St John's Anglican Church Precinct Camden, New South Wales | |
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  St John's Anglican Church Precinct | |
| Coordinates | 34°03′29″S 150°41′50″E / 34.057919°S 150.697297°E |
| Postcode(s) | 2570 |
| Location | 65 km (40 mi) south-west of Sydney CBD |
| LGA(s) | Camden Council |
| State electorate(s) | Camden |
| Federal division(s) | Hume |
St John's Anglican Church Precinct is an exceptional group of ecclesiastical buildings set in a beautiful landscape of mature and exotic tree plantings and open grassed slopes. The precinct is an important regional landmark and along with the Camden Park House and the township of Camden express the power structures the Macarthur Family wished to instill in the local community. The focal point of the precinct is St John's the Evangelist Church deliberately placed to dominate the historic Camden township. The Macarthur Family funded the construction of most of the buildings and heavily patronised the operation of the church throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The land of the precinct is a remnant of Macarthur Family gifts.
History[edit]
Traditional Owners[edit]
The Camden district sits on the boundaries of of three Aboriginal groups. The Gandangara to the west and south, the Dharawal/Tharawal to the south and east and the Darug to the north.[1] The naming and grouping of the people is complex and uncertain.[2] The plight of these people is poorly documented as contemporary accounts record the events from the settler's perspective.[3] There are reports of 70% mortality[4] due to smallpox with mystery about the source of the disease.[5]There is an account of the tragedy of these people and the destruction of their way of life called 'The Dharawal and Gandangara in colonial Campbelltown, New South Wales, 1788-1830'[6]
European beginning[edit]
Cattle Lost[edit]
The story begins with wild cows. In 1787, the First Fleet took on livestock in Cape Town amongst the animals were some black Cape Cattle (probably Drakensbergers).[7] David Collins wrote "the black cattle were large, very strong, and remarkable for the great space between their horns". Later, he noted "On November 8th 1787 1 bull, 1 bull-calf, 7 cows were embarked on board the Sirius into stalls"[8]. However Phillp King states November 10 was the boarding day and the numbers were 1 bull, 1 bull-calf and 6 cows[9]. The animals were polled to prevent injury during the voyage. The trip from the Cape was good, "but even this good fortune was not enough to preserve the Cattle on board the Sirius, which were so badly provided for as to be nearly starved, three of the Cows calved on the passage the whole of which died, the Cows having scarce sufficient to keep themselves alive, could not support the young; One of the Cows big with calf also died before we made the Land"[10] in January, 1788. Upon landing the small held pastured in the area known as the Domain. Two bulls and four cows were lost in early June 1788, Collins attrbutes the loss to "some strange and unpardonable neglect in the convict who had been entrusted with the care of the cattle". It seems the convict was accustomed to leaving the cattle unsupervised during his lunch break.[8] By September all hope of recovering the cattle was lost and the one remaining cow became unmanageable and was shot.[8]
Cattle Found[edit]
In 1795 the wild cattle were found thriving, south of the Nepean River. The area became known as the Cowpastures.
John Macarthur[edit]
Heritage[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "Aboriginal history and Camden Park". Belgenny Farm. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
- ^ Kohen, James (1986). "Prehistoric settlement in the Western Cumberland plain: Resources, Environment and Technology". Macquarie University ResearchOnline. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
- ^ Karskens, Grace (2015). "Appin Massacre". The Dictionary of Sydney. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
- ^ "Smallpox epidemic". National Museum Australia. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
- ^ "The Dreadful Hacovk". Friends of the First Government House Site Inc. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
- ^ Liston, Carol (1988), The Dharawal and Gandangara in colonial Campbelltown, New South Wales, 1788-1830, retrieved 14 July 2019
- ^ "Cattle". RARE BREEDS TRUST OF AUSTRALIA. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
- ^ a b c "Philip Gidley King - official journal being a narrative of the preparation and equipment of the First Fleet and voyage to New South Wales, 1786 - December 1790; compiled 1790" (PDF). Unveristy of Sydney Library. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
- ^ "A Voyage to New South Wales, December 1786 - May 1792". State Library of NSW. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
- ^ Bradley, William. "An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales [Volume 1]". State Library of NSW. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
External links[edit]
Category:Heritage-listed buildings in Australia
Category:Church buildings
Category:Church architecture
Category:Churches in Australia by state or territory
Category:Anglican church buildings
Category:Camden Town
Category:MacArthur family