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*Charles I* painted by Anthony van Dyck for Bernini in 1635 for the creation of a marble bust, destroyed in the Whitehall Palace fire. (Royal Collection)

Charles I (1600-1649), King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1625-1649) amassed one of the greatest art collections in history, which was disposed of by the Commonwealth after his execution in 30 January 1649. The dispersal of his collection is often considered one of the landmark events in art collecting history, comparable only with the Orleans sale in the end of the XVIII century. Many of today's leading museums, including the Louvre, the Prado and the National Gallery, London display items that once belonged to Charles.

Formation[edit]

The exact roots of Charles I's passion for art collecting are difficult to determine. In the history of English and Scottish monarchs up to that point there weren't many art collectors. Henry VIII’s patronage of Hans Holbein the Younger, for instance, was more connected to a dynastic necessity – using portraiture to document his power and lineage – rather than artistic considerations. Charles' father, James I, wasn't much interested in art – he reportedly hated sitting for portraits and isn't known to have made significant additions to the Royal Collection ^[1].

Perhaps the first Stuart to have a genuine interest in art collecting was Charles's elder brother, Henry, Prince of Wales. Henry’s untimely death from typhoid fever at just 18 years old meant that Charles became his father's heir and also that he inherited his brother's incipient art collection^[2]. Apart from his bother, the other main influences on Charles’ collecting tastes were the Earl of Arundel and, especially, the Duke of Buckingham.

An event that is frequently considered a turning point in Charles' collecting activities is his incognito trip to Spain in 1623 with the Duke of Buckingham in the hopes of obtaining a match with a daughter of King Philip IV. While the voyage proved unsuccessful in this aspect, it brought him into contact with the great masters in the Spanish Royal Collection. In this voyage, Charles is known to have sited for a portrait by Velázquez (nowadays untraced) and to have commissioned copies of some of Titian's works in Philip IV’s collection. He also took as gifts Titian’s Equestrian Portrait of Charles V (Prado) and his Venus del Pardo (Louvre). His largest coup was the acquisition en bloc of much of the Gonzaga Collection, owned by the Dukes of Mantua, in 1625-7.

Apart from acquiring pictures, Charles commissioned works of art from some the leading painters of the age, such as Peter Paul Rubens and, famously, Anthony van Dyck. The relationship between the King and Rubens began badly when the painter, not knowing he was sending pictures to Charles, sent a picture of The Hunt that was a workshop production and not by Rubens' hand at all. When Charles rejected it and Rubens was informed of the faux-pas, he proceeded to send the King a Self-Portrait which, unusually, Rubens signed and dated 1623, perhaps to avoid any doubts that it was entirely by himself^[3]. Later, in his role as a diplomat, Rubens was received in court in June 1629. In this visit, he presented the King with a large painting depicting a mythological allegory of peace, Peace and War now hanging at the National Gallery, London. Also related to this visit to England was the commission to paint the ceiling of Banqueting House celebrating the reign of James I.

Another painter that received commissions from Charles was the italian Orazio Gentileschi. As a favorite of Queen Henrietta Maria, Gentileschi carried out the ceiling paintings of Queen's House at Greenwich (later transferred to the Marlborough House). He was also commissioned to paint three large canvasses to decorate Queen’s House. Among those, Joseph and the Potiphar’s Wife remains in the Royal Collection and The Finding of Moses is currently on loan from a private collection to the National Gallery, London after hanging for nearly two centuries at Castle Howard. Other artists associated with the court of Charles I include Gerrit van Honthorst, Daniel Mytens and Abraham van der Doort.

Also noteworthy of Charles’ collecting behavior is that he not only purchased works by the renowned old masters such as Titian and Veronese, but also from contemporary artists. The three paintings by Rembrandt he owned are thought to be the first ones of the master to leave the Netherlands – more certain is that they were the first to become part of an English collection^[4]. Two of those can still be traced today: The Artist’s Mother^[5] remains part of the Royal Collection and the Self-Portrait^[6] is almost certainly the one at the Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool.

In the eve of the Civil War, Charles' collection stood out as one of the greatest ever assembled, rivaled only by the Spanish and French royal collections.

Dispersal[edit]

Weeks after Charles' execution, Parliament authorized the Council of State to sell the collection to settle the late King’s debts. Commissioners with extensive powers were appointed to draw up full inventories and to put a valuation on items so that they could be sold. Not only paintings were to be sold, but all items found in the royal palaces, including statues, tapestries, furniture and furnishings of all kinds. The actual sales were conducted in the great hall of Somerset House. The Commonwealth reserved some items of the collection that were to not to be sold, but to be retained to decorate the government buildings and offices. Among those were the Raphael Cartoons and Mantegna's Triumphs of Caesar. Cromwell reserved some paintings for himself, including two believed to be by the workshop of Giulio Romano (Nero Playing while Rome Burns^[7] and The Omen of Claudius’s Imperial Power'^[8], both still in the Royal Collection) and Luca Cambiasi's The Assumption of the Virgin^[9] (Royal Collection).

Several of the King’s servants, who were not paid during the Civil War as London was held by Parliament, were paid in goods from Charles’s estate. As many of them were owed small sums, they formed syndicates to obtain higher quality pictures that would later be sold. Many foreign collectors took advantage of the sale to increase their holdings. Among them was Philip IV of Spain, who through Luis de Haro and the Spanish Ambassador Alonso Cárdenas, obtained some of the most outstanding pictures. Another competitor was Cardinal Mazarin of France, who also took the opportunity to enrich his collection

Recovery[edit]

Immediately following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 orders were issued to recover all paintings sold during the Commonwealth. Even before Charles II returned from exile in the Netherlands, government officials were already pursuing those who had purchased any goods at the sales at Somerset House. However, as the lion's share of the collection had left for the continent in the previous years, the success of the recovery efforts was somewhat limited. Among those who returned pictures and other objects to the crown, Philip, Lord Lisle (later 3rd Earl of Leicester) returned many items by artists such as Basano, Giulio Romano, Polidoro da Caravaggio and Holbein (Portrait of William Reskimer^[10]). After Sir Peter Lely's death, other paintings were returned, including Van Dyck’s Cupid and Psyche^[11] and The Three Eldest Children of Charles I^[12]. The relative failure the recovery efforts can be illustrated by the fact that, from all Titians owned by Charles (there were over ten recorded in the inventories), none remains in the Royal Collection today. The two paintings by the artist presently in the Royal Collection were added later, in 1660, when the States General of the Netherlands presented Charles II with a collection of 28 paintings^[13]^[14].

Paintings formerly in Charles I’s collection with Wikipedia articles[edit]

Pastoral Concert (Titian, Louvre)
Equestrian Portrait of Charles V (Titian, Prado)
Saint George and the Dragon (Raphael, National Gallery of Art)
Jacopo Pesaro being presented by Pope Alexander VI to Saint Peter (Titian, Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp)
Peace and War (Rubens, National Gallery, London)
Self-Portrait (Durer, Prado)
Saint John the Baptist (Leonardo, Louvre)
Alfonso d'Avalos Addressing his Troops (Titian, Prado)
Christ Washing the Disciples’ Feet (Tintoretto, Prado)
Death of the Virgin (Caravaggio, Louvre)
The Entombment of Christ (Titian, Louvre)
Equestrian Portrait of Charles I (Van Dyck, National Gallery, London)
Charles I with M. de St Antoine (Van Dyck, Royal Collection)
Cupid and Psyche (Van Dyck, Royal Collection)
Venus and Cupid with a Satyr (Correggio, Louvre)
Death of the Virgin (Mantegna, Prado)
Venus and Music (Titian, Prado)
Triumphs of Caesar (Mantegna, Royal Collection)
Raphael Cartoons (Raphael, Royal Collection, on long term loan to the V&A)
The Muses (Tintoretto, Royal Collection)
Esther Before Ahasuerus (Tintoretto, Royal Collection)
Self-Portrait as the Allegory of Painting (Artemisia Gentileschi, Royal Collection)
Shepherd with a Flute (Giorgione?, Royal Collection)

Notes[edit]

^ White 2007, p. 1.
^ White 2015, p. 5-6.
^ White 2007, p. 2-3.
^ White 2015, p. 22-23.
^ "The Artist's Mother". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
^ "Self-portrait as a Young Man". National Museums Liverpool - Walker Art Gallery. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
^ "Nero Playing while Rome Burns". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
^ "The Omen of Claudius's Imperial Power". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
^ "The Assumption of the Virgin". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
^ "Portrait of William Reskimer". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
^ "Cupid and Psyche". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
^ "The Three Eldest Children of Charles I". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
^ "Portrait of Jacopo Sannazaro". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
^ "Madonna and Child in a Landscape with Tobias and the Angel". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 29 November 2016.

References[edit]

White, Christopher; The Later Flemish Pictures in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen, Royal Collection Publications, London 2007, ISBN 9781902163635
White, Christopher; Dutch Pictures in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen, Royal Collection Publications, London 2015, ISBN 9781905686469
Haskell, Francis; The King's Pictures: The Formation and Dispersal of the Collection of Charles I and his Courtiers, Yale University Press, New Haven and London 2013, ISBN 9780300190120

[[[Category:Sculptures of the Royal Collection of the United Kingdom|*]] [[[Category:Paintings of the Royal Collection of the United Kingdom|*]] [[[Category:Charles I of England]] [[[Category:Former private collections]]

This article lists the paintings currently held at the São Paulo Museum of Art in São Paulo, Brazil. The attribution of each painting is displayed according to the most recent catalogue of the museum, published in 2000. Whenever the attribution is in conflict with the most recent scholaship, there is a explanatory note.

The São Paulo Museum of Art was created by the media mogul and art patron Assis Chateaubriand after the Second World War, with the help of Pietro Maria Bardi, a italian art scholar, and Lina Bo Bardi, his wife and the architect of the brutalist building that houses the museum since 1968.

Italian Art[edit]

Title	Author	Year	Technique	Dimensions	Comments
Madonna and Child Enthroned and Two Angels	Maestro Del Bigallo	c.1275	Tempera on panel	130 x 56 cm
The Crucifixion and the Virgin with the Child among Angels, Saints, and the Evangelists Symbols	Anonymous Umbrian Painter	1290-1305	Tempera on panel	44 x 37 cm
The Virgin and the Child	Maestro di San Martino alla Palma	1310-20	Tempera on panel	66 x 39 cm	Previously atrributed to Bernardo Daddi
The Adoration of the Magi	Paolo Serafini da Modena (attr.)	3rd quarter 14th century	Tempera on panel	25 x 32 cm
Madonna and Child between Saint Magdalene and Saint Stephen Protomartyr	Ottaviano Nelli	1310-20	Fresco transfered onto canvas	218 x 229 cm
Madonna with the Child Entroned and Four Saints	Maestro del 1416	1410-15	Tempera on panel	106 x 57 cm
Saint Jerome Penitent in the Desert	Andrea Mantegna	1448-51	Tempera on panel	48 x 36 cm	Debated attribution
Virgin and Child, Infant St. John the Baptist, and an Angel	Imitator of Lippi-Peselino	1460-70	Tempera on panel	diameter 105 cm
Virgin and Child	Jacopo del Sellaio? (or anonymous disciple of Botticelli)	1470-80	Tempera on panel	57 x 40 cm
The Virgin Adoring the Child with an Angel	Biagio D'Antonio Tucci	c.1475	Tempera on panel	74 x 54 cm	Previously attributed to Francesco Botticini
The Virgin with the Standing Child, Embracing his Mother - Madonna Willys	Giovanni Bellini	1480-90	Oil on panel	75 x 59 cm
Ecce Homo, Dead Christ in the Tomb as "Vir Dolorum"	Niccolò di Liberatore (called L'Alunno)	1480-1500	Tempera on panel	73 x 39 cm
Virgin and Child with the Infant St. John the Baptist	Sandro Botticelli (and studio)	1490-1500	Tempera on panel	diameter 74 cm	Previously in the collection of Lord Wigan, Earl of Crawford and Balcarres
The Martyrdom of St. Sebastian	Pietro Perugino (and studio)	1500-10	Oil on canvas	181 x 115 cm	Thought to be by Raphael in the XIX century and exhibited at Burlington House in 1871 as such
The Resurrection of Christ	Raffaello Sanzio (Raphael)	1499-1502	Oil on panel	52 x 44 cm	Previously in the collection of Lord Kinnaird. Accepted as a Raphael by the most recent literature (see main article)
Virgin and Child with the Infant St. John the Baptist, and an Angel	Piero di Cosimo	1500-10	Oil on panel	diameter 129 cm
The Virgin Nursing the Child with the Infant St. John the Baptist in Adoration	Giampietrino	1500-20	Oil on canvas	86 x 88 cm
Virgin and Child and the Infant St. John the Baptist	Francesco Francia (and studio)	1510-15	Oil on panel	65 x 51 cm
Portrait of Alvise Contarini(?)	Paris Bordone	1525-50	Oil on canvas	94 x 70 cm	Thought to be by Titian until the late 1950s
Portrait of Cardinal Cristoforo Madruzzo	Titian	1552	Oil on canvas	210 x 109 cm
Lamentation over the Dead Christ (or Pietà)	Jacopo Tintoretto	1560-65	Oil on canvas	95 x 140 cm
Ecce Homo or Pilate Presents Christ to the Crowd	Jacopo Tintoretto	1546-7	Oil on canvas	109 x 136 cm
The Poet Leaving Vice for Virtue. Hercules at the Crossroads	Paolo Veronese (copy by François Boucher)	1576-84 (original) c.1750 (copy by Boucher)	Oil on canvas	223 x 171 cm	The original is part of the Frick Collection, New York
Wisdom and Strenght Allegory: Hercules' Choice or Hercules and Onfale	Paolo Veronese (copy by François Boucher)	1576-84 (original) c.1750 (copy by Boucher)	Oil on canvas	223 x 171 cm	The original is part of the Frick Collection, New York
Portrait of a Florentine Noble (Piero de Medici?)	Alessandro Allori (studio of)	?	Oil on panel	70 x 55 cm	Thought to be by Bronzino until the 1970s
Adoration of the Shepherds	Jacopo Bassano (and studio)	1580-90	Oil on canvas	134 x 188 cm	Previously in the collection of Viscount Allendale
Mars and Venus, with a Circle of Cupids and Landscape	Carlo Saraceni	1605-10	Oil on copper	40 x 52 cm
Apparition of the Virgin with the Child to St. Ubaldo, Bishop of Gubbio, Who Points Out to the City of Pesaro in the Background	Palma il Giovane	1620	Oil on canvas	352 x 210 cm
Still Life	Panfilo Nuvolone	1620	Oil on panel	50 x 60 cm
Adoration of the Shepherds	Bartolomeo Passante, or "Maestro dell'Annuncio ai Pastori"	1630-35	Oil on canvas	177 x 266 cm	Previously thought to be by Jusepe Ribera
Suicide of Lucretia	Guido Reni (and studio)	1625-40	Oil on canvas	113 x 91 cm
Moses and the Daughters of Jethro	Ciro Ferri	1660-89	Oil on canvas	123 x 169 cm
Landscape with Shepherds	Alessandro Magnasco	1710-30	Oil on canvas	114 x 146 cm
The Toilette of Venus	Michele Rocca	1710-20	Oil on canvas	47 x 63 cm
The Judgment of Paris	Michele Rocca	1710-20	Oil on canvas	47 x 63 cm
Queen Tomyris	Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini	1719-20	Oil on canvas	123 x 97 cm
The Virgin Nursing the Child	Pompeo Batoni?	1760-80	Oil on canvas	89 x 72 cm
Dionysius and Ariadne	Giambattista Pittoni	1730-35	Oil on canvas	72 x 53 cm
The Continence of Scipio	Francesco Zugno	c.1750	Oil on canvas	50 x 40 cm
Portrait of a Man in a Top Hat: The Poet Hanvin, the Man of "Le Figaro"	Giovanni Boldini	1895-1900	Oil on panel	48 x 24 cm
Lady with a Straw Hat (Morning Promenade)	Giovanni Boldini	1902-05	Oil on panel	34 x 26 cm
Seated Woman (The Conversation)	Giovanni Boldini	1904-05	Oil on panel	42 x 25 cm

Spanish Art[edit]

Title	Author	Year	Technique	Dimensions	Comments
The Last Judgment and St. Gregory's Mass	Master of the Artés Family	1500-20	Tempera on panel	200 x 130 cm	Donated by Daniel Wildenstein in1966
The Annunciation	El Greco	c.1600	Oil on canvas	107 x 74 cm
The Ecstasy of St. Francis	El Greco	1500-20	Oil on Canvas	72 x 55 cm
Apparition of Jesus Child to St. Anthony of Padua (?)	Francisco de Zurbarán	1627-30	Oil on canvas	157 x 103 cm
Saint Agnes	Francisco de Zurbarán (circle of)	1635-42	Oil on canvas	157 x 103 cm	Donated by Baron Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza in 1957
Portrait of the Duke of Pastrana	Juan Carreño de Miranda	c.1670	Oil on canvas	213 x 123 cm
Portrait of the Count-Duke of Olivares	Diego Velázquez	1624	Oil on canvas	203 x 106 cm	Donated to the Metropolitan Museum of Art as part of the Benjamin Altman bequest in 1913. Later sold by the museum. Accepted as a Velázquez by the most recent literature, including López-Rey (cat.30) and Morán-Sánchez (cat.27)
Saint Catherine of Alexandria	Bartolomé Esteban Murillo	1650-55	Oil on canvas	186 x 104 cm
Portrait of Cardinal Luis Maria de Borbón y Vallabriga	Francisco de Goya y Lucientes	1798-1800	Oil on canvas	200 x 106 cm	A later version is at the Museo del Prado
Portrait of Don Juan Antonio Llorente	Francisco de Goya y Lucientes	1809-1813	Oil on canvas	189 x 114 cm
Portrait of Ferdinand VII	Francisco de Goya y Lucientes	1808	Oil on canvas	83 x 67 cm
Portrait of the Countess of Casa Flores	Francisco de Goya y Lucientes	1790-97	Oil on canvas	113 x 79 cm	Sometimes attributed to Agustín Esteve

Flemish, Dutch and German Art[edit]

Title	Author	Year	Technique	Dimensions
The Virgin Lamenting, St. John and the Holy Women of Galilee	Hans Memling	1485-90	Oil on panel	51 x 40 cm
The Alms (St. Gil?)	Flemish Artist Active in Castille	1480-1500	Oil on panel	93 x 64 cm
The Temptations of St. Anthony	Hieronymus Bosch	c.1500	Oil on panel	127 x 101 cm
Christ Before Pilate	Hieronymus Bosch (follower of)	?	Oil on panel	61 x 77 cm
The Unequal Marriage	Quentin Metsys (follower of)	1525-30	Oil on panel	54 x 89 cm
Portrait of a Young Aristocrat - A Youg Fiancé of the Rava Family	Lucas Cranach the Elder	1539	Oil on panel	61 x 43 cm
The Poet Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey	Hans Holbein the Younger	1542	Oil on panel	53 x 42 cm
Archduke Albert VII of Austria	Peter Paul Rubens (and studio)	1615-32	Oil on canvas	200 x 118 cm
Captain Andries van Hoorn	Frans Hals	1638	Oil on canvas	86 x 67 cm
Maria Pietersdochter Olycan	Frans Hals	1638	Oil on canvas	86 x 67 cm
Seated Officer	Frans Hals	1631	Oil on canvas	88 x 66 cm
Marquise Paola Lomellini Doria with her Children at Prayer	Anthony van Dyck	c.1623	Oil on canvas	221 x 152 cm
Portrait of an Unknown Gentleman (William Howard, Vicount of Stafford?)	Anthony van Dyck	1638-40?	Oil on canvas	107 x 82 cm
River Scene with a Raft Transporting Cattle	Salomon van Ruysdael	c.1650	Oil on canvas	74 x 104 cm
Portrait of a Young Man with a Golden Chain	Attributed to Rembrandt	c.1635	Oil on canvas	57 x 44 cm
Paulo Afonso Waterfall	Frans Post	1649	Oil on panel	58 x 46 cm
Landscape with a Anteater	Frans Post	c.1660	Oil on panel	56 x 79 cm
River Scene in Pernambuco	Frans Post	1668	Oil on panel	47 x 55 cm
Landscape with a Farm House in Pernambuco	Frans Post	1665	Oil on panel	59 x 94 cm
Landscape with a Boa Constrictor	Frans Post	c.1660	Oil on canvas	119 x 172 cm

British Art (Scottish and English School)[edit]

Title	Author	Year	Technique	Dimensions
Elizabeth, Sarah and Edward, Edward Holden Cruttenden's Children	Joshua Reynolds	c.1763	Oil on canvas	179 x 168 cm
Francis Rawdon, First Marquess of Hastings and Second Earl of Moira	Thomas Gainsborough	1783-4	Oil on canvas	230 x 150 cm
Drinkstone Park (The Woods of Cornard?)	Thomas Gainsborough	c.1747	Oil on canvas	145 x 155 cm
Portrait of Mrs. John Bolton	Thomas Gainsborough	c.1770	Oil on canvas	77 x 64 cm
John Walter (or Wharton) Tempest, with his Horse	George Romney	1779-80	Oil on canvas	227 x 151 cm
Portrait of General Sir William Maxwell	Henry Raeburn	1810-15	Oil on canvas	126 x 100 cm
The Children of Sir Samuel Fludyer	Thomas Lawrence	1806	Oil on canvas	237 x 148 cm
George IV as Prince Regent with the Badge of the Order of the Garter	Thomas Lawrence (and studio)	c.1818	Oil on canvas	74 x 61 cm
Caernarfon Castle	J. M. W. Turner	1830-35	Oil on canvas	98 x 140 cm
Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop's Grounds	John Constable	1821-22	Oil on canvas	89 x 114 cm

French Art[edit]

Title	Author	Year	Technique	Dimensions
The Bath of Diana	François Clouet	1559-60?	Oil on panel	78 x 110 cm
Hymenaeus Disguised as a Woman During an Offering to Priapus	Nicolas Poussin	1634-38	Oil on canvas	167 x 376 cm
Portrait of Mademoiselle Léomenie Brienne, Marquise de Roualt Gamache	Pierre Mignard (and studio)	end 17th century	Oil on canvas	74 x 60 cm
Portrait of a Bride with Flowers (Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans, known as Mademoiselle de Valois?)	Pierre Gobert	c.1720	Oil on canvas	146 x 112 cm
The Four Elements - Earth (Princess Louise-Elisabeth of France, Duchess of Parma)	Jean-Marc Nattier	1750	Oil on canvas	107 x 138 cm
The Four Elements - Fire (Princess Anne-Henriette of France)	Jean-Marc Nattier	1751	Oil on canvas	106 x 138 cm
The Four Elements - Air (Princess Marie-Adélaide of France)	Jean-Marc Nattier	1751	Oil on canvas	106 x 138 cm
The Four Elements - Water (Princess Marie-Louise-Thérèse-Victoire of France)	Jean-Marc Nattier	1751	Oil on canvas	106 x 138 cm
Louise-Henriette de Bourbon-Conti, Duchess of Orléans, as Hebe, the Goddess	Jean-Marc Nattier (copy)	1745-50	Oil on canvas	129 x 96 cm
Hunting Picnic	François Lemoyne	1723	Oil on canvas	233 x 185 cm
Gathering in a Park	Jean-Baptiste Pater	1719-20	Oil on canvas	65 x 81 cm
Portrait of Auguste Gabriel Godefroy (Jeune Ecolier qui Joue au Toton)	Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin	1741	Oil on canvas	67 x 73 cm
The Duke of Berry and the Count of Provence as Children	François-Hubert Drouais	1757	Oil on canvas	95 x 127 cm
Portrait of Louis XVI	Antoine-François Callet (copy)	c.1780	Oil on canvas	124 x 96 cm
Education is Everything	Jean-Honoré Fragonard	1775-80	Oil on canvas	55 x 66 cm
Portrait of Elizabeth-Sophie-Constance de Lowendhal, Countess of Turpin de Crissé	Jean-Honoré Fragonard	1775-85	Oil on canvas	64 x 54 cm
Portrait of a Lady with a Book by a Fountain	Antoine Vestier	c.1785	Oil on canvas	130 x 97 cm
Landscape in the Roman Countryside	Nicolas Antoine Taunay	1784-87	Oil on canvas	8 x 10 cm
Indians Crossing a Creek (The Slave Hunter)	Jean-Baptiste Debret	1820-30	Oil on canvas	80 x 112 cm
The Virgin of the Blue Veil	Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres	1827	Oil on canvas	77 x 65 cm
The Blessing Christ	Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres	1834	Oil on canvas	80 x 66 cm
Angelica in Chains	Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres	1859	Oil on canvas	97 x 75 cm
The "Mãe d'Água" Stone (Tijuca Landscape)	Félix Taunay	c.1850	Oil on canvas	50 x 65 cm
Roses in a Glass	Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot	1874	Oil on canvas	32 x 24 cm
Young Man with a Naked Shoulder	Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot	c.1835	Oil on canvas	19 x 17 cm
Portrait of Laurent-Denis Sennegon	Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot	1842	Oil on canvas	40 x 34 cm
Gipsy with a Mandolin	Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot	1874	Oil on canvas	80 x 57 cm
Landscape with a Peasant Woman	Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot	1861	Oil on canvas	26 x 42 cm
The Spring - Eurydice Bitten by a Serpent while Picking Flowers (Eurydice's Death)	Eugène Delacroix	1856-63	Oil on canvas	196 x 166 cm
The Summer - Diana Surprised by Actaeon	Eugène Delacroix	1856-63	Oil on canvas	194 x 165 cm
The Autumn - Bacchus and Ariadne	Eugène Delacroix	1856-63	Oil on canvas	196 x 165 cm
The Winter - Juno Beseeches Aeolus to Destroy Ulysses' Fleet	Eugène Delacroix	1856-63	Oil on canvas	196 x 166 cm
Two Heads	Honoré Daumier	1858-62	Oil on cardboard	23 x 29 cm
Juliette Courbet	Gustave Courbet	1873-4	Oil on canvas	81 x 65 cm
Zélie Courbet	Gustave Courbet	1847	Oil on canvas	56 x 46 cm
The Grand Canal in Venice	Félix Ziem	1890-1900	Oil on canvas	45 x 65 cm
Seascape Close to Marseilles (Fantasy Village)	Adolphe Monticelli	1880-84	Oil on canvas	28 x 38 cm
The Amazon - Portrait of Marie Lefébure on Horseback	Edouard Manet	1870-75	Oil on canvas	88 x 116 cm
Bathers on the Seine - Academia	Edouard Manet	1874-76	Oil on canvas	132 x 98 cm
The Artist - Portrait of Marcellin Desboutin	Edouard Manet	1875	Oil on canvas	192 x 128 cm
Mr. Eugène Pertuiset, the Lion Hunter	Edouard Manet	1881	Oil on canvas	150 x 170 cm
Village Road	Antoine Vollon	1880-90	Oil on canvas	45 x 32 cm
Still Life with a Monkey and a Guitar (Art and Gluttony)	Antoine Vollon	1864	Oil on canvas	81 x 117 cm
Woman Drying her Left Arm (After the Bath)	Edgar Degas	c.1884	Pastel on paper	58 x 64 cm
Four Ballet Dancers on Stage	Edgar Degas	1885-90	Oil on canvas	72 x 92 cm
Woman Drying her Left Leg	Edgar Degas	1903	Pastel on paper	61 x 51 cm
The Negro Scipio	Paul Cézanne	1866-68	Oil on canvas	107 x 83 cm
Paul Alexis Reading a Manuscript to Zola	Paul Cézanne	1869-70	Oil on canvas	130 x 160 cm
Cliffs in L'Estaque	Paul Cézanne	1882-85	Oil on canvas	73 x 91 cm
Madame Cézanne in Red	Paul Cézanne	1890-94	Oil on canvas	89 x 70 cm
The Great Pine	Paul Cézanne	1890-96	Oil on canvas	89 x 70 cm
Boating on the River Epte	Claude Monet	c.1890	Oil on canvas	133 x 145 cm
The Japanese Bridge over the Water - Lily Pond in Giverny	Claude Monet	1920-24	Oil on canvas	89 x 92 cm
The Painter Le Coeur Hunting in the Fontainebleau Forest	Pierre-Auguste Renoir	1866	Oil on canvas	106 x 80 cm
Lise on the Bank of the Saine - Bather with a Griffon Dog	Pierre-Auguste Renoir	1870	Oil on canvas	184 x 115 cm
A Lady Smiling (Portrait of Alphonsine Fournaise)	Pierre-Auguste Renoir	1875	Oil on canvas	42 x 33 cm
Portrait of the Countess of Pourtalès	Pierre-Auguste Renoir	1877	Oil on canvas	95 x 72 cm
Portrait of Marthe Bérard - The Little Girl with the Blue Sash	Pierre-Auguste Renoir	1879	Oil on canvas	128 x 75 cm
Girl with Flowers	Pierre-Auguste Renoir	1888	Oil on canvas	65 x 54 cm
Four Portrait Studies of Jean Renoir	Pierre-Auguste Renoir	1905-06	Oil on canvas	32 x 27 cm
Portrait of Coco	Pierre-Auguste Renoir	1903-04	Oil on canvas	29 x 24 cm
Portrait of Claude Renoir	Pierre-Auguste Renoir	c.1908	Oil on canvas	55 x 46 cm
Seated Bather Drying her Right Leg	Pierre-Auguste Renoir	c.1910	Oil on canvas	84 x 65 cm
Seated Bather Drying her Right Arm - Large Sitting Nude	Pierre-Auguste Renoir	1903-04	Oil on canvas	93 x 74 cm
Portrait of Elizabeth and Alice Cahen d'Anvers - Pink and Blue	Pierre-Auguste Renoir	1881	Oil on canvas	119 x 74 cm
Self-Portrait (Near Golgotha)	Paul Gauguin	1896	Oil on canvas	76 x 64 cm
Poor Fisherman	Paul Gauguin	1896	Oil on canvas	74 x 66 cm
Still Life with Plate, Vase and Flowers	Vincent van Gogh	1884-85	Oil on canvas	51 x 43 cm
The Schoolboy (Camille Roulin)	Vincent van Gogh	1888	Oil on canvas	63 x 54 cm
A Walk at Twilight	Vincent van Gogh	1889-90	Oil on canvas	49 x 45 cm
The Stone Bench in the Asylum at Saint-Remy	Vincent van Gogh	1889	Oil on canvas	51 x 45 cm
Portrait of Madame Ginoux - L'Arlésienne	Vincent van Gogh	1890	Oil on canvas	65 x 54 cm
The Dog (Sketch of Touc?)	Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec	c.1880	Oil on panel	35 x 26 cm
Madame la Comtesse Adèle de Toulouse-Lautrec at Malromé's Garden	Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec	1880-82	Oil and essence on canvas	55 x 46 cm
Monsieur Fourcade	Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec	1889	Oil on cardboard	77 x 62 cm
Woman Combing her Hair (Two Women Dressing Nightshirts)	Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec	1891	Oil with essence and pastel on cardboard	62 x 46 cm
The Dancer Loïe Fuller Seen from the Backstage	Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec	1893	Oil and tempera on cardboard	63 x 47 cm
Monsieur Louis Pascal Seen from the Back	Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec	c.1893	Oil on cardboard	63 x 47 cm
The Couch	Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec	c.1893	Oil with essence on cardboard	60 x 80 cm
Singer with Green Gloves (The Singer Dolly at the "Café Star" in Le Havre)	Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec	1899	Tempera-enriched lithography on cardboard	54 x 42 cm
Portrait of Octave Raquin	Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec	1901	Oil on canvas	56 x 46 cm
Paul Viaud in an Admiral's Costume of the 18th Century (The Admiral Viaud)	Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec	1901	Oil on canvas	139 x 153 cm
Female Nude	Pierre Bonnard	c.1930	Oil on canvas	64 x 79 cm
The Print Dress	Edouard Vuillard	1891	Oil on canvas	38 x 46 cm
Yvonne Printemps and Sacha Guitry	Edouard Vuillard	c.1917	Oil on paper and canvas	63 x 89 cm
Portrait of Princess Bibesco	Edouard Vuillard	c.1920	Oil on cardboard	112 x 81 cm
Portrait of Suzanne Bloch	Pablo Picasso	1904	Oil on canvas	65 x 54 cm
Portrait of Diego Rivera	Amedeo Modigliani	1916	Oil on cardboard	100 x 79 cm
Portrait of Leopold Zborowski	Amedeo Modigliani	1916-19	Oil on canvas	107 x 66 cm
Portrait of Hanka Zborowska	Amedeo Modigliani	c.1918	Oil on canvas	80 x 52 cm
Portrait of Madame G. von Muyden	Amedeo Modigliani	1916-17	Oil on canvas	92 x 65 cm
Renée	Amedeo Modigliani	1917	Oil on canvas	61 x 38 cm
Chakoska	Amedeo Modigliani	1917	Oil on canvas	81 x 45 cm

[1] White 2007, p. 1.

[2] White 2015, p. 5-6.

[3] White 2007, p. 2-3.

[4] White 2015, p. 22-23.

[5] "The Artist's Mother". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 29 November 2016.

[6] "Self-portrait as a Young Man". National Museums Liverpool - Walker Art Gallery. Retrieved 29 November 2016.

[7] "Nero Playing while Rome Burns". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 29 November 2016.

[8] "The Omen of Claudius's Imperial Power". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 29 November 2016.

[9] "The Assumption of the Virgin". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 29 November 2016.

[10] "Portrait of William Reskimer". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 29 November 2016.

[11] "Cupid and Psyche". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 29 November 2016.

[12] "The Three Eldest Children of Charles I". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 29 November 2016.

[13] "Portrait of Jacopo Sannazaro". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 29 November 2016.

[14] "Madonna and Child in a Landscape with Tobias and the Angel". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 29 November 2016.

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