User:EriFr/sandbox

1960s

Dynamo Berlin also had some success in the first seasons of the 1960s. The team was joined by Romanian-born forward Emil Poklitar from BSG Rotation Babelsberg and forward Wilfried Klingbiel from BSG Lokomotive Stendal for the 1960 season.[50][60] Poklitar would form an attacking duo with Günter Schröter.[62] Hungarian János Gyarmati became new coach during the summer break 1960. Gyarmati had previously served as coach of SG Dynamo Dresden, SC DHfK Leipzig, ASK Vorwärts Berlin and the East Germany national football team.[62] The recruitment of Gyarmati provoked the DFV, as Dynamo Berlin had recruited Gyarmati arbitrarily, and it was actually the DFV that was to decide on the appointment of a coaches.[62] Dynamo Berlin finished the 1960 DDR-Oberliga as runner-up. Emil Poklitar had proven to be a very promising goalscorer during the 1960 DDR-Oberliga, scoring 14 goals in 19 league matches.[63][64] As many as six players from the team were included in the starting line-up of the East Germany national football team in the match against Denmark in front of 45,000 spectators at Idrætsparken on 28 May 1961: Werner Heine, Martin Skaba, Waldemar Mühlbächer, Herbert Maschke, Günther Schröter and Wilfried Klingbiel.[65]

Dynamo Berlin was a top team also in the 1961–62 DDR-Oberliga. The team stood at second place in the league by the summer break. Dynamo Berlin was then allowed to participate in the 1961–62 International Football Cup. The team defeated Wiener SC 3–5 on 18 June 1961 in its first competitive international match.[65] However, the team's top goalscorer Emil Poklitar and teammate Rolf Starost defected to West Berlin after a friendly match against Boldklubben af 1893 at Idrætsparken in Copenhagen on 13 August 1961.[64][66] The team nevertheless managed to remain a top team in the league throughout the rest of the season. Defender Dieter Stumpf from the youth department made his debut för SC Dynamo Berlin in the DDR-Oberliga during the autumn 1961.[67] The team was once again on its way to success in the FDGB-Pokal. The team defeated SC Empor Rostock by 5–1 in the semi-finals of the 1961–62 FDGB-Pokal, but eventually lost 3–1 to SC Chemie Halle in the final.[68]

However, Dynamo Berlin found itself overshadowed in the capital by the army-sponsored ASK Vorwärts Berlin, which had captured the league title in the 1958 and 1960 DDR-Oberliga and would go on to capture several more titles during the 1960s.[12][69][70] Dynamo Berlin had moved its home matches permanently to the Dynamo-Stadion im Sportforum (Dynamo Stadium) after the construction of the Berlin Wall in the autumn of 1961.[7] The average attendance dropped to 3,000 at the stadium in the 1962–63 season.[7] The team of Dynamo Berlin in the 1960s would eventually prove relatively weak, becoming a lower table side by the end of the 1962–63 Oberliga.[70] Günter Schröter retired from his playing career after the 1962–63 season. He had been a key-player of Dynamo Berlin since 1954 and had played a total of 255 matches for the team.[71][72]

Regionalliga Nordost (2014-present)

Main article: History of Berliner FC Dynamo (2004–present)

The mascot of BFC Dynamo "Teddy" in 2018.

The 2014–15 season saw the return of BFC Dynamo to live television. Thomas Stratos became new coach in November 2014. BFC Dynamo defeated SV Tasmania Berlin 2–1 in the 2014-15 Berlin Cup final in front of 6,914 spectators at Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark and won their fourth Berlin Cup title. The attendance set a new record for a Berlin Cup final since German reunification. BFC Dynamo signed a number of players with 3. Liga experience in 2015, such as Brazilian midfielder Thiago Rockenbach, forward Dennis Srbeny and goalkeeper Bernhard Hendl. The team was also joined by midfielder Kai Pröger. The club celebrated its 50th anniversary on 15 January 2016. The anniversary was celebrated with around 1,000 guests in the Loewe Saal in the locality of Moabit. Among the guests were former players and coaches such as Peter Rohde, Frank Terletzki, Wolf-Rüdiger Netz, Jürgen Bogs, Artur Ullrich, Bernd Schulz, Frank Rohde, Andreas Thom and Thomas Doll. Midfielder Joey Breitfeld from the youth depatmnt made his debut for BFC Dynamo in the Regionalliga Nordost in February 2016. BFC Dynamo finished the 2015-16 Regionalliga Nordost in fourth place.

René Rydlewicz became the new coach in the summer of 2016. The team defeated FC Viktoria 1889 Berlin 3–1 in the final of the 2016-17 Berlin Cup. Pröger decided the match with two goals in extra time. BFC Dynamo signed Azerbaijani striker and national team player Rufat Dadashov as well as midfielder Philip Schulz in 2017. The team drew FC Schalke 04 in the first round of the 2017-18 DFB-Pokal. BFC Dynamo lost the match 0–2 in front of 14,114 spectators at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark. The attendance was the highest for BFC Dynamo since the match between BFC Dynamo and AS Monaco in the 1989–90 European Cup Winners' Cup in November 1989. BFC Dynamo finished the 2017-18 Regionalliga Nordost in 4th place. Dadashov became the top scorer in the league with 25 goals in 25 games. The team again reached the final of the Berlin Cup. BFC Dynamo defeated Berliner SC 2–1 in the final of the 2017–18 Berlin Cup to claim its second consecutive Berlin Cup title. Dadashov scored both goals for BFC Dynamo in the final.

BFC Dynamo signed defender Chris Reher in 2018. BFC Dynamo played 1. FC Köln in the first round of the 2018-19 DFB-Pokal. The match was played at the Olympiastadion. The match was attended by 14,357 spectators, which was a new record for BFC Dynamo since the fall of the Berlin Wall. Christian Benbennek became the new coach during the summer of 2019. The 2019-20 Regionalliga Nordost was suspended due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. BFC Dynamo arranged a virtual match against the fictional team FC Corona on 18 April 2020 to raise money for the club. The virtual match was played at the no longer existing Stadion der Weltjugend. The club sold a total of 50,000 tickets for the match. The team was joined by midfielder Alexander Siebeck in 2020. Also the 2020-21 Regionalliga Nordost was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. BFC Dynamo defeated Berliner AK 07 2–1 in the final of the 2019-20 Berlin Cup to claim its seventh Berlin Cup title.

Chris Reher with the ball during the match between BFC Dynamo and 1. FC Köln in the 2018-19 DFB-Pokal.

BFC Dynamo recruited forward Christian Beck in 2021. Key players in the team in the 2021–22 season were Christian Beck, Dmitri Stajila, Chris Reher, Alexander Siebeck, Michael Blum, Andreas Pollasch, Joey Breitfeld, Darryl Geurts, Andor Bolyki, Niklas Brandt and Philip Schulz. BFC Dynamo drew VfB Stuttgart in the first round of the 2021-22 DFB-Pokal. The match was played at the Stadion im Sportforum. It was the first DFB-Pokal match at the Stadion im Sportforum since FC Berlin played SC Freiburg at the stadium in the 1991–92 DFB-Pokal. BFC Dynamo lost the match 0–6. BFC Dynamo had great success in the 2021-22 Regionalliga Nordost and became Herbstmeister. The club saw the biggest increase in membership of any club in Berlin in 2021, apart from Hertha BSC and1. FC Union Berlin; membership increased by 51 percent in 2021. BFC Dynamo finished the 2021–22 Regionalliga Nordost in first place and had finally claimed its first ever Regionalliga title. Christian Beck became the top scorer in the league with 23 goals. BFC Dynamo faced VfB Oldenburg from the Regionalliga Nord in the play-off for the 3. Liga. BFC Dynamo eventually lost the play-off on goal difference, having lost the first leg at home and won the second leg away.

Consolidation (2004-2014)

Main article: History of Berliner FC Dynamo (2004–present)

Mario Weinkauf was elected as the new club president in June 2004. Former player Christian Backs became the new coach for NOFV-Oberliga Nord. Key players on the team in the 2004–05 season were Robert Rudwaleit, Nico Thomaschewski, Dennis Kutrieb, Jörn Lenz and Danny Kukulies. Coach Backs left for Berliner AK 07 in April 2005, due to financial disagreements with the club. Former FC Vorwärts Berlin player Jürgen Piepenburg became the new coach in the summer of 2005. The 2005-06 NOFV-Oberliga Nord involved new derbies with 1. FC Union Berlin. BFC Dynamo lost the first meeting with 1. FC Union Berlin 8–0. Coach Piepenberg was dismissed immediately after the match. Israeli fashion brand JetLag became the new main sponsor at the beginning of 2006. The return match against 1. FC Union Berlin was played at the Stadion im Sportforum in May 2006. The score was 1-1 when supporters of BFC Dynamo invaded the pitch to storm the away block. The match was abandoned and 1. FC Union Berlin was awarded a 2–0 victory.

The Stadion im Sportforum in May 2006.

The riots in the match aginst 1. FC Union Berlin in May 2006 threw the club into a new financial crisis. The club's finances were eventually saved by the sponsor Infinity-Net Telekom GmbH. The company's owner Peter Meyer became the new strong man in the club. A power struggle developed between main sponsor Meyer and President Weinkauf. Weinkauf was eventually dismissed in a vote of no confidence at the annual meeting in June 2007. Meyer became the new chairman of the Economic Council and practically club manager. The Turkish company Gökis Getränkegroßhandel became the new shirt sponsor for the 2007-08 season. The company's manager Gökhan Kazan also became member of the Economic Council. BFC Dynamo played a friendly match against Hertha BSC in July 2007. The match was played under the motto "Against violence and racism". Before the match, Meyer publicly declared that "anyone who shouts Nazi slogans will be thrown out of the stadium".

BFC Dynamo recruited midfielder Christian Preiß in 2008. Norbert Uhlig was elected as the new club president in October 2008. BFC Dynamo was undefeated in the first ten matches of the 2008-09 NOFV-Oberliga Nord. However, all hopes of promotion were dashed after a 2–4 loss against first-placed Tennis Borussia Berlin before the winter break. BFC Dynamo finished the 2008-09 NOFV-Oberliga Nord as runner-up. Christian Backs returned as coach in the summer of 2009. BFC Dynamo also recruited forward Nico Patschinski from 1. FC Union Berlin. The team had a successful start to the 2009-10 NOFV-Oberliga Nord. BFC Dynamo lost only one match in the first 14 matchdays, but failed to keep pace with first-placed FC Energie Cottbus II in the second half of the league season. Coach Backs was dismissed before Easter 2010 and former player Heiko Bonan took over as coach. BFC Dynamo also finished the 2009-10 NOFV-Oberliga Nord as runner-up. The team reached the final of the 2009-10 Berlin Cup. BFC Dynamo lost the final 2–1 against Berliner AK 07. 100-150 supporters of BFC Dynamo stormed the pitch after the final whistle.

Forward Matthias Steinborn from the youth department became a regular player in the team in 2010. The results in the 2010-11 NOFV-Oberliga Nord were mediocre, but the team had more success in the Berlin Cup. BFC Dynamo defeated SFC Stern 1900 2–0 in the final of the 2010–11 Berlin Cup. BFC Dynamo had thus won its first Berlin Cup title in 12 years and was qualified for the 2011–12 DFB-Pokal; the victory in the cup was also worth 100,000 Euros in bonuses from the German Football Association (DFB). BFC Dynamo was drawn against 1. FC Kaiserslautern in the first round of the 2011–12 DFB-Pokal. The match was played in front of 10,104 spectators at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark. BFC Dynamo lost the match 0–3. Serious riots broke out among supporters of BFC Dynamo after the match. The club was subsequently fined 12,000 Euros by the DFB Sports Court. BFC Dynamo saw a decline in the league and finished the 2011-12 NOFV-Oberliga Nord in 13th place.

The highly popular Turkish-born Volkan Uluc returned as coach in 2012. Uluc had previously coached BFC Dynamo from 2007 to 2009. BFC Dynamo conceded just one loss in the first 14 matchdays in the 2012-13 NOFV-Oberliga Nord and was a top team in the league. The team finished the season in third place in the league. BFC Dynamo then defeated SV Lichtenberg 47 1–0 in the final of the 2012–13 Berlin Cup in front of 6,381 spectators at the Friedrich-Ludig-Jahn-Sportpark. The attendance set a new record for a Berlin Cup final since German reunification. BFC Dynamo recruited Senegalese striker Djibril N'Diaye in 2013. N'Diaye quickly became a crowd favourite, known as "Dieter". BFC Dynamo came to dominate the 2013-14 NOFV-Oberliga Nord. The league title was secured on the 22nd matchday and the team would go through the entire league season undefeated. BFC Dynamo eventually finished the 2013-14 NOFV-Oberliga Nord 34 points ahead of second-placed Brandenburger SC Süd 05. Christian Preiß had scored 15 goals and N'Diaye 12 goals in the league. BFC Dynamo had thus finally won promotion to the Regionalliga Nordost after 10 years in the NOFV-Oberliga Nord.

FC Berlin, decline and insolvency (1989–2004)

Main article: History of Berliner FC Dynamo (1989–2004)

The team of FC Berlin at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Stadion on 23 February 1990.

The 1989-90 season was marked by the political change in East Germany. The Berlin Wall was opened on 9 November 1989 and people in East Berlin could now travel freely to West Berlin. Andreas Thom was signed to Bayer Leverkusen. He left the team during the winter break 1989–1990 and became the first player in the DDR-Oberliga to be transferred to the West German Bundesliga after the fall of the Berlin Wall. The Stasi was definitively dissolved on 13 January 1990 and thus BFC Dynamo lost a major sponsor. The East German Ministry of the Interior announced that it was only prepared to support the club until the end of the 1989–90 season and the fate of the club was uncertain. BFC Dynamo was eventually rebranded as FC Berlin on 19 February 1990. The team finished the 1989-90 DDR-Oberliga in fourth place and failed for the first time in a long time to qualify for an UEFA competition. Thomas Doll and Frank Rohde left for Hamburger SV and Rainer Ernst for 1. FC Kaiserslautern after the season.

FC Berlin forward Dirk Rehbein in a match against HFC Chemie in 1990.

Jürgen Bogs returned as coach in 1990. FC Berlin finished the 1990-91 NOFV-Oberliga in 11th place and qualified for the play-off for the 2. Bundesliga. The team just narrowly failed to qualify for the 2. Bundesliga. More players left the team after 1990-91 season, including Heiko Bonan for VfL Bochum, Burkhard Reich for Karlsruher SC and Hendrik Herzog for FC Schalke 04. The 1991–92 season was the first season when teams from East Germany and teams from West Germany played in the same league system. The NOFV-Oberliga was now at third tier in the German football league system. Sweeper Heiko Brestrich returned the club in 1991. The team was also joined by defender Jens Reckmann from the youth department. FC Berlin dominated the 1991-92 NOFV-Oberliga, but failed for the second season in a row to qualify for the 2. Bundesliga. FC Berlin lost 11 players after the 1991–92 season. In total, the club lost two complete teams in the first year or two after the fall of the Berlin Wall: 22 players had left for the Bundesliga and 13 players for the 2. Bundesliga.

After failing to qualify for the 2. Bundesliga in 1991 and 1992, FC Berlin had to continue at amateur level. The club now had to rely heavily on its youth department to supply the team with new players. Coach Bogs resigned in September 1993 and was replaced by Helmut Koch. FC Berlin managed to qualify for the new Regionalliga Nordost in 1994. The reinstated Regionalliga formed the new third tier. The 1994-95 Regionalliga Nordost involved new derbies against 1. FC Union Berlin and new matches against several other well-known opponents. FC Berlin struggled in the 1994-95 Regionalliga Nordost but managed to retain is place in the league. The highlight of the 1995-96 Regionaliga Nordost were then new duels with 1. FC Dynamo Dresden. The two teams had not met since 1991.

Due to an imminent risk of relegation, coach Koch was dismissed in October 1995. He was succeeded by former player and youth coach Werner Voigt. Defender Mario Maek also returned to the team at the same time. FC Berlin finished the 1995-96 Regionaliga Nordost in ninth place. Club President Volkmar Wanski announced in November 1996 that the financial reserves had been used up; the millions of Deutsche Mark that the club had made from player transfers in the early 1990s were now gone. Defender Jörn Lenz returned to the team during the winter break 1997–1998. Lenz would be a key player for several seasons to come. The successes in the Regionalliga had not materialized and FC Berlin remained a lower-table side. Coach Voigt eventually left for 1. FC Dynamo Dresden in March 1998.

Henry Häusler became new coach in the summer of 1998. Among the key players in the team in the 1998-99 season were Heiko Brestrich, Jörn Lenz, Mario Kallnik and Mario Maek. The club took back its old club name of BFC Dynamo on 8 May 1999. Due to repeated public criticism of the team, coach Häusler was already dismissed in April 1999. BFC Dynamo defeated Berlin Turkspor 1965 4-1 in the final of the 1998-99 Berlin Cup and finally won its first Berlin Cup title. Brestrich scored two goals, Ayhan Gezen one goal and Maek one goal for BFC Dynamo in the final. Former FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt-player and coach Klaus Goldbach became new coach at the end of the season.

BFC Dynamo recruited goalkeeper Nico Thomaschewski from 1. FC Union Berlin in 1999. BFC Dynamo suffered a period of crisis during the autumn of 1999; the club had run into financial difficulties, and the team had plummeted down the league after several matches without a single win. Heiko Brestrich was sacked after a protest against coach Goldbach. Eventally, Jürgen Bogs returned for his third stint as coach in December 1999. Hans Reker became the new sports director in January 2000. Through Reker, BFC Dynamo finally got a promising main sponsor in the form of the software company Lipro AG. However, the struggle in the league continued and BFC Dynamo finished the 1999-2000 Regionalliga in 17th place. The team was thus relegated to NOFV-Oberliga Nord; for the first time, BFC Dynamo was a fourth-tier team. After six years in office, Club President Wanski resigned in June 2000, in protest against Lipro AG's demand for influence.

About a dozen new players were signed in the summer of 2000, including five Romanian players, four of whom were former national team players. SPD-politician Karin Halsch became the new president in September 2000. BFC Dynamo finished the 2000–01 NOFV-Oberliga Nord in first place. Striker Dennis Kozlov became the top scorer in the league with 29 goals. The team faced 1. FC Magdeburg in the play-off for the Regionalliga Nord. However, two weeks before the first leg, it had become clear that the club was in major financial trouble. Players had not received their salaries for months and the club was behind on insurance payments. BFC Dynamo lost the play-off after a 5-2 defeat away in the second leg. Several players left the team immediately after the season.

The insurance company AOK eventually filed for insolvency against BFC Dynamo in June 2001. Shortly afterwards, Halsch resigned as club president; the discrepancy between her and Hans Reker was too great. Reker took over as acting president. The club's total debts were now estimated at 5.5 millions Deutsche Mark. BFC Dynamo tried to initiate a partnership with FC Dynamo Moscow, but the plans led nowhere. BFC Dynamo needed 30,000 Deutsche Mark by 31 October 2001 to open insolvency proceedings, but the club did not have the money. If insolvency proceedings could not be opened, the club would go bankcrupt. Supporters of BFC Dynamo staged a demonstration march from Sportforum Hohenschönhausen to Rotes Rathaus to save the club. Also former players such as Hans-Jürgen Riediger, Rainer Troppa, Waldemar Ksienzyk and Heiko Brestrich, planned to participate. A sponsor group around former club president Wanski eventually came forward at the last second and offered the money.

FC Berlin was said to have made millions from player sales after Die Wende. The club was for a time considered the richest amateur club in Germany. But not all the money had gone to the club. Some had also gone to SV Dynamo, the East German Football Association (DFV) and agents. The club's reputation as a former Stasi club made it difficult to win new sponsors. The club was also plagued by hooliganism which repeatedly made negative headlines. FC Berlin failed to qualify for the 2. Bundesliga and never progressed beyond third tier. Average attendance was only a couple of hundreds in the beginning of the 1990s. FC Berlin ran a large youth department which at one point cost 400,000 Deutsche Marks a year. At the end of 1996, the club had no money left in its bank accounts and Club President Volkmar Wanski would need to support the club with annual personal financial contributions. In 2000, the club finally got a promising main sponsor in the form of Lipro AG and made a bid to reach the third tier. However, the millions from Lipro AG later turned out to be loans.

Insolvency proceedings were opened on 1 November 2001. BFC Dynamo was automatically relegated to the Verbandsliga Berlin and had to continue under amateur conditions. Only three players from the former squad remained for the first mandatory friendly match, including new team captain Piotr Rowicki. Jörn Lenz left for VfB Leipzig and Nico Thomaschewski for SV Babelsberg 03. Also coach Bogs left. Mario Maek took over as new coach on a voluntary basis assisted by goalkeeping coach Bodo Rudwaleit. Entrepreneur Mike Peters was elected new club president in May 2022. BFC Dynamo was estimated to have debts of around 2,2 million Euros. The preferential claims of about 200,000 Euros seemed insurmountable, but supporters negotiated with creditors and received numerous waivers, and also raised thousands of Euros themselves. In addition, the new presidium around Peters gave a large financial contribution to the insolvency plan. Peters also committed to funding a large part of the budget for the upcoming season.

BFC Dynamo had to start over in the sixth-tier Verbandsliga Berlin in 2002. Nico Tomaschewski returned to the team. The team was also joined by young defender Robert Rudwaleit from the reserve team. Robert Rudwaleit was the son of Bodo Rudwaleit. BFC Dynamo finished its first season in the Verbandsliga Berlin in third place. Jörn Lenz returned to the team in 2003. BFC Dynamo also recruited forward Danny Kukulies from SC Pfullendorf. The insolvency situation was complex. The club had 170 creditors and it was uncertain whether the insolvency proceedings would end successfully. BFC Dynamo finished the 2003-04 Verbandsliga Berlin in first place. The team won all 17 matches in the second half of the league season, which set new league record. Kukulies became the top scorer in the league with 32 goals. BFC Dynamo had thus made it back to the NOFV-Oberliga Nord. Finally, the insolvency proceedings also came to a positive conclusion after a meeting with the creditors at the Charlottenburg District Court on 8 June 2004.

Golden era (1978–1989)

Main article: History of Berliner FC Dynamo (1978–1989)

BFC Dynamo had developed a very successful youth academy. Numerous players from the youth department were integrated in the first team during the 1970s. The average age in the team was only 22.8 years at the start of the 1978–79 season. BFC Dynamo under Bogs played an aggressive football that focused on attacking.

The team of BFC Dynamo after winning its first title in the DDR-Oberliga in 1979.

BFC Dynamo had a very successful start in the 1978-79 DDR-Oberliga and became Herbstmeister. The team reached the 1979 FDGB-Pokal final, but was defeated by 1. FC Magdeburg. Midfielder Lutz Eigendorf defected to West Germany on 20 March 1979 in connection with a friendly match in Kaiserslautern. His defection was considered a slap in the face of the East German regime; Eigendorf had been one of the most promising players in East Germany. BFC Dynamo eventually won its first DDR-Oberliga title in 1979. The team broke several league records during the 1978–79 season, such as: most number of matches won since the start of a season (10), most number of unbeaten matches since the start of a season (22), most goals scored in one season under the current format (75) and the biggest win in the DDR-Oberliga in the last 30 years (10–0 against BSG Sachsenring Zwickau on the 17th matchday). Hans-Jürgen Riediger became second best goalscorer in the 1978-79 DDR-Oberliga with 20 goals.

BFC Dynamo made its debut in the European Cup in 1979. The team reached the quarter-finals of the 1979–80 European Cup, where it faced Nottingham Forest under Brian Clough. The team won the first leg 0–1 away. BFC Dynamo thus became the first German team to defeat an English team in England in the European Cup. The team won its second consecutive DDR-Oberliga title in 1980, after defeating first-placed SG Dynamo Dresden 1-0 on the final matchday in front of 30,000 spectators at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark. The East Germany national football team won silver medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. BFC Dynamo was represented by five players in the squad: Bodo Rudwaleit, Artur Ullrich, Norbert Trieloff, Frank Terletzki and Wolf-Rüdiger Netz. All five played in the final against Czechoslovakia.

More talented players from the youth department were integrated into the first team in the late 1970s and early 1980s, such as midfielder Rainer Ernst, forward Bernd Schulz, defender Frank Rohde, forward Falko Götz and midfielder Christian Backs. BFC Dynamo won the league again in 1981, after defeating second-placed FC Carl Zeiss Jena 2-1 in a deciding match on the final matchday. BFC Dynamo reached the 1982 FDGB-Pokal final, but lost to SG Dynamo Dresen in a penalty shoot-out. The team won its fourth consecutive league title in 1982, after defeating 1. FC Magdeburg 4-0 on the 23rd matchday. Supporters of BFC Dynamo invaded the pitch of the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark in celebration of the league title. It was the first pitch invasion by the supporters of BFC Dynamo in the DDR-Oberliga. BFC Dynamo was drawn against West German champion Hamburger SV in the first round of the 1982-83 European Cup. The Stasi feated riots, political demonstrations and supporters who might express sympathy for West German stars. Only 2,000 tickets were allowed for ordinary fans. The rest was instead allocated to a politically hand-picked audience.

Hans-Jürgen Riediger in the match against Hamburger SV in the 1982-83 European Cup at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark.

Key players on the team in the 1982–83 season were Bodo Rudwaleit, Christian Backs, Rainer Troppa, Frank Rohde, Frank Terletzki, Hans-Jürgen Riediger, Norbert Trieloff, Artur Ullrich, Michael Noack, Ralf Sträßer and Rainer Ernst. BFC Dynamo had come to dominate the DDR-Oberliga by 1982. The team went through the entire 1982-83 DDR-Oberliga undefeated. BFC Dynamo was defeated 1-2 by FC Karl-Marx-Stadt on the seventh matchday of the 1983-84 DDR-Oberliga. It was the first loss since the 22nd matchday of the 1981-82 DDR-Oberliga. BFC Dynamo had then been undefeated in 36 matches, which set a new record in the DDR-Oberliga for the longest unbeaten run.

BFC Dynamo was drawn against FK Partizan Belgrade in the second round of the 1983-84 European Cup. Players Falko Götz and Dirk Schlegel defected to West Germany during a shopping tour in Belgrade the day before the second leg. The talented 18-year old forward Andreas Thom from the youth department was given the chance to make his international debut in the match as a replacement for Götz. BFC Dynamo was eventually elminated by AS Roma in the quarter finals of 1983-84 European Cup. It was the fourth time in five seasons that BFC Dynamo had been eliminated in the European Cup by an eventual finalist; three times had BFC Dynamo been eliminated by the champion: Nottingham Forrest in 1979, Aston Villa in 1981 and Hamburger SV in 1982. BFC Dynamo captured its sixth consecutive league in 1984. Rainer Ernst became the best goal scorer in the 1983-84 DDR-Oberliga with 20 goals. BFC Dynamo reached the 1984 FDGB-Pokal final, but lost to SG Dynamo Dresden.

The team of BFC Dynamo celebrates its sixth DDR-Oberlig title in 1985.

BFC Dynamo recruited striker Frank Pastor from relegated HFC Chemie in 1984. The team was drawn against Aberdeen FC under Alex Ferguson in the first round of the 1984–85 European Cup. BFC Dynamo eventually won the round after dramatic penalty shoot-out at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark in the return leg. Goalkeeper Bodo Rudwaleit saved the last two penalty kicks for Aberdeen FC. BFC Dynamo finished the 1984-85 DDR-Oberliga in first place, six points ahead of SG Dynamo Dresden. The team had scored a total of 90 goals in 1984-85 DDR-Oberliga, which set a new record. No team would ever score more goals in one season in the DDR-Oberliga. With 24 goals, Rainer Ernst was once again the best goal scorer in the league. Frank Pastor was the second best goal scorer in the league with 22 goals. BFC Dynamo reached the 1985 FDGB-Pokal final, but was again defeated by SC Dynamo Dresden in the final.

BFC Dynamo was in first place in the league before the winter break 1985–1986. The team faced 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig on the 18th matchday of the 1985-86 DDR-Oberliga. 1. FC Lokomotiv Leipzig led the match 1–0 in overtime. BFC Dynamo was then awarded a penalty in the 95th minute. Frank Pastor converted the penalty and the match ended in a 1–1 draw. The penalty was highly controversial and would later become known as the "Shame penalty of Leipzig". BFC Dynamo won the 1985-86 DDR-Oberliga. The team finished just two points ahead of runner-up 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig.

Main article: Controversy, complaints and sanctions

BFC Dynamo had the best material conditions in the league and the best team by far. But controversial refereeing decisions in favor of BFC Dynamo gave rise to speculation that the dominance of BFC Dynamo was not solely due to athletic performance, but also due to help from referees. BFC Dynamo was a representative of both the Stasi and the capital. The team was therefore viewed with more suspicion than affection. The overbearing success of BFC Dynamo in the 1980s made fans of opposing teams easily aroused as to what they saw as manipulation by bent referees. The team was met with aggression and shouts such as "Bent champions!" (German: Schiebermeister) and "Jews Berlin!" (German: Juden Berlin) at away matches.

Complaints of alleged referee bias accumulated into the hundreds in the mid-1980s. The East German Football Association (DFV) eventually conducted an internal analysis of the 1984–85 season. Among other things, the analysis found that BFC Dynamo had earned only one third of the yellow cards incurred by rival SG Dynamo Dresden. A review was also made of the final of the 1985 FDGB-Pokal final between BFC Dynamo and SG Dynamo Dresden. This analysis concluded that 30 percent of the referee decisions were wrong, and found that 80 percent of those had been of disadvantage to SG Dynamo Dresden. A number of referees were sanctioned for their performances in matches involving BFC Dynamo in the following months, including the referees involved in the cup final.

A particularly controversial episode was the penalty awarded to BFC Dynamo by referee Bernd Stumpf in extra time in the match between 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig and BFC Dynamo on 22 March 1986. The penalty caused a wave of protests. SED General Secretary Erich Honecker Erich Honecker and the Secretary for Security, Youth and Sport of the SED Central Committee Egon Krenz were fed up with the "football question" and the "BFC-discussion". Honecker wanted quiet. An example was consequently made out of referee Stumpf. He was permanently banned from refereeing by the DFV. The sanctions against Stumpf were approved by Honecker and Krenz in the SED Central Committee. However, a previously unknown video recording of the match was published by Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR) in 2000. The video recording showed that the penalty was correctly awarded and that the sanctions against Stumpf were unjustified. In an interview in 2000, Stumpf said: "The people have never understood, how this Leipzig game was used by the highest officials in the party and government."

The benefit of controlling important matches in Western Europe might have put indirect pressure on the referees to take preventive measures, in so-called preventive obedience. In order pursue an international career, a referee would need a travel permit, confirmed by the Stasi. It became known after the German reunification that several referees had also been Unofficial collaborators (IM) of the Stasi. However, there is no evidence to show that referees were under direct instructions from the Stasi and no document has ever been found in the archives that gave the Stasi a mandate to bribe referees.

"I can imagine there was referee manipulation due to the immense pressure from the government and Ministry for State Security. That could have made some referees nervous and influenced their decisions. But we were the strongest team at the time. We didn't need their help."

Falko Götz

The picture that the success of BFC Dynamo relied upon referee bias is dismissed by former BFC Dynamo players and coaches. Some of them admit that there might have been cases of referee bias, but they all insist that it was the thoroughness of their youth work and the quality of their play that earned them their titles. Former coach Jürgen Bogs has said: "You cannot postpone 26 matches in one season in the DDR-Oberliga. At that time we had the best football team". German author Steffen Karas claims that BFC Dynamo only scored nine match-deciding goals in the 86th minute or later, in the 218 matches it won or drew during its ten championship years.

Supported by numerous training centers (TZ) of the SV Dynamo sports association, BFC Dynamo was able to filter the best talents through nationwide screening and train them in its youth academy. The youth academy had full-time trainers employed for every age group. As the coach of the DDR-Oberliga team, Bogs worked with modern training methods, such as video evalutations, which was not yet common in East Germany. The club also applied heart rate and lactate measurements during training, which only came to the Bundesliga many years later. Former referee Bernd Heynemann has concluded: "The BFC is not ten times champions because the referees only whistled for Dynamo. They were already strong as a bear."

Andreas Thom during a match against SG Dynamo Dresden in 1988.

BFC Dynamo recruited 20-year-old attacking midfielder Thomas Doll from relegated F.C. Hansa Rostock in 1986. Doll and Andreas Thom would form one of the most effective attacking duos in East German football in the late 1980s. The 1986–87 and 1987-88 seasons saw renewed competition in the DDR-Oberliga. BFC Dynamo eventually won its tenth consecutive league title in 1988. The 1987-88 DDR-Oberliga was won on goal difference in the final matchday. Andreas Thom became the best goalscorer in 1987-88 DDR-Oberliga with 20 goals. The team then defeated FC Carl Zeiss Jena in the 1988 FDGB-Pokal final and finally completed the Double. Thom was voted the 1988 East German footballer of the year.

The team celebrates the victory in the 1989 FDGB-Pokal final at the Stadion der Weltjugend.

BFC Dynamo was drawn against West German champion SV Werder Bremen in the first round of the 1988-89 European Cup. BFC Dynamo sensationally won the first leg 3–0 at the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark. However, the team lost the return leg at the Weser-Stadion with 0–5. The return leg would become known as the second "Miracle on the Weser". BFC Dynamo defeated FC Karl-Marx-Stadt in the 1989 FDGB-Pokal final and won its second consecutive cup title. SG Dynamo Dresden eventually broke the dominance of BFC Dynamo in the DDR-Oberliga in the 1988-89 season. BFC Dynamo finished the 1988-89 DDR-Oberliga as runner-up, and SG Dynamo Dresden became the new champion. Jürgen Bogs was replaced as coach by Helmut Jäschke after the 1988-89 season. As the cup winner, BFC Dynamo was set to play the new league champion SG Dynamo Dresden in the first edition of the DFV-Supercup. BFC Dynamo won the match 4-1 and became the first and, eventually, only winner of the DFV-Supercup in the history of East German football.

Founding and rise (1966–1978)

Main article: History of Berliner FC Dynamo (1954–1978)

East German football was reorganized in 1965–1966 when the football departments of ten sports clubs (SC) were made into ten designated football clubs (FC). The football department of SC Dynamo Berlin became Berliner FC Dynamo. BFC Dynamo was founded on 15 January 1966. Manfred Kirste was elected club president and the SV Dynamo President Erich Mielke was made honorary president.

The new designated football clubs were formed as centers of excellence in East German football, with the right to draw on talents within designated geographical and administrative areas. BFC Dynamo was initially assigned Bezirk Cottbus and one third of East Berlin as catchment area. BFC Dynamo was officially a club of the Ministry of the Interior and the club's official sponsor was the Volkspolizei. However, Honorary chairman Mielke was the head of the Stasi. BFC Dynamo would eventually come to receive personal, organizational and financial support from the Stasi.

BFC Dynamo was relegated to the second-tier DDR-Liga in 1967 and consequently began a rejuvenation of the team. The team eventually dominated the DDR-Liga and immediately won promotion back to the DDR-Oberliga. Among the talented players from the youth department who were integrated into the first team in the late 1960s and early 1970s were Frank Terletzki. BFC Dynamo reached the final of the 1970-71 FDGB-Pokal. The team lost the final 1–2 in overtime to SG Dynamo Dresden, but qualified for the 1971-72 European Cup Winners' Cup as runner-up.

The Ministry of Defense decided to relocate FC Vortwärts Berlin to Frankfurt an der Oder ahead of the 1971–72 season. BFC Dynamo and 1. FC Union Berlin were from now on the only major football clubs in East Berlin. BFC Dynamo was allowed to take over the catchment area in East Berlin that had previously belonged to FC Vorwärts Berlin. The team would also get the opportunity to play more matches at the larger and more centrally located Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark in Prenzlauer Berg, which led to increased interest in the club and growing attendance numbers.

BFC Dynamo stood out among other teams within SV Dynamo. The team was located at the frontline of the Cold War. It was also a representative of the East German capital. This meant that the club had to be well equipped. BFC Dynamo would eventually get access to a nationwide scouting network, which included numerous training centers (German: Trainingszentrum) (TZ) of SV Dynamo across Easty Germany. BFC Dynamo would eventually be able to recruit young talented players from 38 training centers (TZ) across East Germany. By comparison, 1. FC Union Berlin only had access to 6 training centers (TZ) in the Berlin area.

Wolf-Rüdiger Netz (right) scores a header in the match against BSG Wismut Aue in 1974.

The team was joined by forward Wolf-Rüdiger Netz from SG Dynamo Schwerin in 1971. BFC Dynamo made its first appearance in an UEFA Competition in the 1971-72 European Cup Winners' Cup. The team reached all the way to the semi-finals. BFC Dynamo thus became the first team from Berlin to reach the semi-finals in one of the two most prestigious UEFA club competitions (the European Cup and the European Cup Winners' Cup). BFC Dynamo was eventually eliminated by Dynamo Moscow in the semi-finals, after a penalty shoot-out in the return leg .

BFC Dynamo recruited midfielder Reinhard Lauck from relegated 1. FC Union Berlin in 1973. BFC Dynamo had the youngest team in the league in the 1975-76 DDR-Oberliga, with an average age of 22.5 years. Talented players from the youth department were continuously integrated into the first team in the 1970s, such as forward Hans-Jürgen Riediger, midfielder Lutz Eigendorf, defender Norbert Trieloff and goalkeeper Bodo Rudwaleit. BFC Dynamo established itself as a top team in the DDR-Oberliga in the mid-1970s. 30-year-old Jürgen Bogs became the new coach in 1977.

Background: SC Dynamo Berlin (1954–1966)

Main article: History of Berliner FC Dynamo (1954–1978)

BFC Dynamo started as a football department of sports club SC Dynamo Berlin. SC Dynamo Berlin was founded on 1 October 1954 as one of the new elite sports clubs in East Germany. The sports club was affiliated to sports association SV Dynamo.

In order to establish a competitive side in Berlin, the team of SG Dynamo Dresden and its place in the DDR-Oberliga was transferred to the new sports club SC Dynamo Berlin. The relocation was designed to give the capital a team that could rival teams from West Berlin, such as Hertha BSC, which were still popular in East Berlin. Among the players delegated from SG Dynamo Dresden were Johannes Matzen, Herbert Schoen and Günter Schröter.The team played its first match as SC Dynamo Berlin against BSG Rotation Babelsberg on 21 November 1954 in the 1954-55 DDR-Oberliga.

Günter Schröter (left) and Martin Skaba (right) during a match between ASK Vorwärts Berlin and SC Dynamo Berlin in 1959

Most players of the former SG Dynamo Dresden team had aged by the late 1950s. The team was now shaped by a new generation of players, including Martin Skaba, Werner Heine, Waldemar Mühlbächer, Hermann Bley and Konrad Dorner. SC Dynamo Berlin won its first trophy in the 1959 FDGB-Pokal. However, the team was not allowed to participate in the 1960–61 European Cup Winners' Cup. The German Football Association of the GDR (German: Deutscher Fußball-Verband der DDR) (DFV) decided that local rival and league runner-up ASK Vorwärts Berlin was a better representative.

SC Dynamo Berlin had some success in the first seasons of the 1960s. The team finished runners-up in the 1960 DDR-Oberliga and reached the the final of the 1961-62 FDGB-Pokal. However, SC Dynamo Berlin found itself overshadowed in the capital by the army-sponsored ASK Vorwärts Berlin. The team of SC Dynamo Berlin during the 1960s would eventually prove relatively weak. By the end of the 1962–63 DDR-Oberliga, SC Dynamo Berlin had become a lower table side.

BFC 20023

New coach Heiner Beckhaus had previously served as coach of FC Rot-Weiß Koblenz. During his playing career, Beckhaus had once played for 1. FC Union Berlin in the 2. Bundesliga. BFC Dynamo also recruited a number of new players for the 2022-23 season, including American midfielder Dominic Duncan and defender Arthur Ekallé from FC Rot-Weiß Koblenz, midfielder Cedric Euschen from Sportfreunde Lotte, Bosnian midfielder Amar Suljić, midfielder Leonidas Tiliudis from FC Gießen, forward Erlind Zogjani from the Stuttgart Kickers U19 team and midfielder Leonidas Tiliudis from FC Gießen. The team was also joined by 17-year-old goalkeeper Paul Hainke from the BFC Dynamo U19 team, who would make a number of appearances with the first team during the season.

BFC Dynamo had a weak start to the 2022-23 Regionalliga Nordost. The team stood at 13th place after the sixth match day. BFC Dynamo defeated top-team SV Babelsberg 09 2-1 at home on 10th match day and climed to a 10th place. BFC Dynamo lost 1-4 away against FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt on the 13th match day. However, the team came back with a 4-1 win against FC Energie Cottbus on the 13th matchday on 13 November 2022 in front of 2,543 spectators as the Stadion im Sportforum. Amar Suljić scored two goals in the match. The win broke the winning streak of FC Energie Cottbus.

BFC Dynamo recruited Iraqi midfielder David Haider Al-Azzawe for the second half of the season. Haider had played for the team during the 2017-18 season. The team defeated Berliner AK 07 0-2 away on the 19th matchday on 4 February 2033 and climed to a fifth place in the league. BFC Dynamo met Greifswalder FC at home on the 26th matchday on 2 April 2023. Greifswalder FC was a newcomer to the Regionalliga Nordost. However, the team contained several former professional players. BFC Dynamo won the match 5-0, after two goals by Christian Beck.

BFC Dynamo reached the semi-finals of the 2022-23 Berlin Cup. The team drew sixth-tier SV Sparta Lichtenberg. The semi-final was played away at the sports ground of SV Sparta Lichteberg on Fischerstrasse in the locality of Rummelsburg on 10 April 2023. The ordinary grass pitch of SV Sparta Lichtenberg was closed at the moment. The match was therefore instead played at an artificial turf pitch, significantly smaller than a standard-sized pitch, althogh meeting the minimum dimensions. Artur Ekallé scored 0-1 for BFC Dynamo in the 47th minute, but then followed several goals for SV Sparta Lichtenberg. BFC Dynamo ultimately lost the match 5-1. BFC Dynamo defeated second-placed FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt 2-1 in front of 2,558 spectators at the Stadion im Sportforum on the 29th matchday of the 2022-23 Regionalliga Nordost. The team then met first-placed FC Energie Cottbus away in following matchday 2 May 2023. FC Energie Cottbus led the match 1-0 as the final minutes approached, but then Dominic Duncan made it 1-1 in the 87th minute and snatched two points from Cottbus. Beer mugs were thrown towards Duncan by Cottbus supporters after the goal.

15-year old German youth football player player Paul P. was killed by a young Moroccan player of FC Metz, after a dispute between players at an youth tournament in Frankfurt am Main on 28 May 2023. Paul P. played for JFC Berlin, but had a background in the BFC Dynamo youth department. He was mourned by the club. BFC Dynamo eventually finished the 2022-23 Regionalliga Nordost in sixth place. Christian Beck left BFC Dynamo after the season. Beck had been the team's top goalscorer and a top goalscorer in the Regionalliga Nordost for two consecutive seasons. His farewell was celebrated with an exibition match between the first team and a team of former BFC Dynamo players coached by René Rydlewicz at the Stadion im Sportforum on 2 June 2023. Several players left the team after the season; Christian Beck left for FSV Schöningen, Michael Blum for KFC Uerdingen 05, Niklas Brandt for Greifswalder FC, Cedric Euschen for FC Energie Cottbus, Andreas Pollasch for SV Babelsberg 03 and Marvin Kleihs for Tennis Borussia Beerlin.

Winter Sport

There are several larger locations for winter sports in Värmland:

Torsby Ski Tunnel in 2009.

• Torsby is home to the Torsby Ski Tunnel and Sports Center, which is a complete indoor and outdoor training facility. Torsby Ski Tunnel is the first ski tunnel in Sweden. It was inaugurated in 2006. The ski tunnel has a length of 1,3 kilometers, but skiing is possible in both directions. At its inauguration, the ski tunnel was the longest ski tunnel in the world. The indoor facility also houses the first indoor shooting range for biathlon in Sweden. The indoor facility is regularly used by elite and national team athletes from Sweden and other countries. The outdoor facility includes several trails for cross-country skiing, additional shooting ranges for biathlon, and a ski slope for alpine skiing. In total, there are up to 50 kilometers cross-country skiing trails in the area. The facility offers a sports hotel. The larger Valbergsängen Sports Hotel is also located in the area. Torsby Ski Tunnel and Sports Center is an official Vasaloppet Centre. The facility is located next to Torsby Airport.

• Torsby is also home to Stjerneskolan upper secondary school, which specializes in sports. The school has sports programmes specialized in, among other things, cross-country skiing, biathlon and alpine skiing. The programmes in cross-country skiiing and biathlon are graded as national sports gymnasiums (RIG). Notable alumnus of the school includes the Swedish former cross-country skier Gunde Svan, Swedish biathlete and former cross-country skier Stina Nilsson and Swedish cross-country skier Linn Persson.

• Mattila holiday village is located in Finnskogen northwest of Torsby. The village stems from a former Finnish settlement dating back to the 1640s. Mattila offers an extensive system of cross-country skiing trails. The trails measures up to 170 kilometers in total. Some trails extend all the way into Norway. The trails are groomed by the same grooming machine that was used during the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Falun. The cross-country skiing competition Mattila Ski Marathon is organized annually in Mattila. The competition is a seeding competition for Vasaloppet.

• The Långberget cross-country skiing facility is located north of Sysslebäck in northern Värmland. The facility is 630 metes above sea level. The facility offers up to 63 kilometers of cross-country skiing trails and a smaller ski slope for alpine skiing, as well as a sports hotel and hostel. The Långberget cross-country skiing facility is an official Vasaloppet Centre.

• The sports facility Kalhyttan is located in Filipstad in eastern Värmland. The facility includes a multi-sport arena and an artificial snow facility. Kalhyttan has one of the most modern artificial snow systems in Sweden. The facility offers a total 40 kilometers of cross-country skiing trails, including a 4 kilometer long cross-country skiing trail with with artificial snow.

There are several ski resorts in Värmland:

The ski resort Branäs

• Branäs ski resort is located west of Dalby in northern Vämland. Branäs is the largest ski resort in Värmland and the fourth lagest ski resort in Sweden. The facility includes 33 slopes for alpine skiing, 30 lifts, including a gondola, a total of 29 kilometers of cross-country skiing trails and a ski cross course, as of 2024. The facility has a lift-served vertical drop of 415 meters. The longest run is 3 kilometers.

• Hovfjället ski resort is located outside Torsby. The ski resort is 542 meters above sea level. The facility includes 13 slopes for alpine skiing, six lifts, and a total of 22 kilometers of cross-country skiing trails. The ski resort has been in use since the 1960s.

• Valfjället Skicenter is located near Gryttved, west of Åmotfors in western Värmland. The facility includes 12 slopes for alpine skiing, five lifts and several trails for cross-country skiing. With a vertical drop of 220 metres, the ski facility has one of southern Sweden's highest vertical drop. The longest run is 1.8 kilometers.

Alt Hohenschönhausen

Industrialisation

As the 19th century progressed and Germany began to industrialise, Hohenschönhausen benefitted from investment in infrastructure, such as the opening of an electric tram line in 1899, and a brewery which opened in the early 1890s

History

The rural Hohenschönhasen saw increasing development towards the end of the 1800s. The development of a sewage system in Berlin from the 1870s onwards and the proximity of the Central cattle and slaughterhouse on Landsberger Allee, established in 1881, had a positive impact on Hohenschönhasen. The Protestant parishes of St. Andrew and St. Mark's and Hohenschönhausen, as well as the Catholic parishes of St. Pius and St. Hedwig, acquired land in Hohenschönhasen to create cemeteries. Open spaces in Hohenschönhausen were used to grow grain, and numerous allotment gardens were created. The cemetary of St. Andrew and St. Mark's is located on the estern border of today's Sportforum Hohenschönhausen.

The Hohenschönhausen manor castle was acquired by the Aachen banker Henry Suermondt in 1890. The parceling of the 400 acres estate began in 1893. A villa district at Orankeseee was esblished the ame year. The Löwenbrau brewery esabkusged istelf on the Berliner Straße, today's Konrad-Wolf-Straße, in 1894. The former brewery buildings are located on 14 Konrad-Wolf-Straße, east of today's Sportforum Hohenschönhausen.

With the sale fo the former manor castle estate, infrastructure in Höhenschönhausen was further expanded. The streets were paved and the district became connected to the sewer system. A horse-drawn bus line connected Hohenschönhausen to Berlin from 1893. The connection was then replaced by an electronic tram in 1899. Larger factories were established along the tram line, such as the Gabriel & Richter brewery, today known as the Berliner Kindl brewery. The brewery was established on the Lichtenberger Straße, today's Indira-Gandi-Straße. The brewery is located north of today's Sportforum Hohenschöhausen and still active.

Hohenschönhausen finally became part of Berlin through the Greater Berlin Act in 1920. The district was intially assigned to the borought of Weißensee. Hohenschönhausen experienced a boom in the welfare sector during the 1920s. As a result of the economic crisis, several school canteens and a hot water pool were built, among other things. An outdoor swimming pool was built at Orankesee and several sports facilities were built, especially for football. Hohenschönhausen was hit by air raids several times during World War II. The area of today's Sportsforum Hohenschönhausen were used for anti-aircraft positions.

Hohenschönhausen fell to the Soviet sector after World War II. The remains of the large anti-aircraft positions from World War II were removed in 1950. Sports use on the area of today's Sportforum Hohenschönhausen can be traced back to the 1920s. But apart from sporadic single-family housing, parts of the area were used for allotment gardening, agriculture and small businesses, and in between were uncultivated wetlands. The area of tody's Sportforum Hohenschönhausen had been relatively unchanged until World War II. Only allotment gardens were added.

Sources

• Bertram, Marco (2015). BFC Dynamo Fußballfibel (1st ed.). Berlin: CULTURCON medien, Sole trader: Bernd Oeljeschläger. ISBN 978-3-944068-38-1.
• Dennis, Mike; Grix, Jonathan (2012). Sport under Communism – Behind the East German 'Miracle' (1st ed.). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan (Macmillan Publishers Limited). ISBN 978-0-230-22784-2.
• Hesse-Lichtenberger, Ulrich (2003). Tor!: The Story of German Football (3rd ed.). London: WSC Books Ltd. ISBN 095401345X.
• Karas, Steffen (2022). 66 Jahr BFC Dynamo – Auswärts mit 'nem Bus (2nd ed.). Berlin: CULTURCON medien, Sole trader: Bernd Oeljeschläger. ISBN 978-3-944068-95-4.
• McDougall, Alan (2014). The People's Game: Football, State and Society in East Germany (1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-05203-1.

Att spara om Sportforum Hohenschönhausen

the Sportforum suffers from a large investment backlog. BFC Dynamo is cooperating with those responsible for the Sportforum and the Berlin Football Association (BFV) to find common solutions for the most urgently needed construction work. The Senate of Berlin is planning to invest €3 million in the Sportforum as of 2020. The money is part of the budget for the demolition of the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Stadion.

1970-71 FDGB Pokal

The 1970-71 FDGB-Pokal was the 20th edition of the competition.

The First round comprised the winners of the 15 regional district cups (German: Bezirkspokal), 29 teams from the second tier DDR-Liga and the two relegated teams from the 1969-70 DDR-Oberliga. BSG Kernkraftwerk Greifswald was granted a bye and avanced to the Second round without having to play the First round.

The format of the competition stipulated that the two teams play an extra 30 minutes if the match had not produced a winner after full-time. If there was still no winner after extra time, the match was replayed. The rules of the German Football Association of the GDR (German: Deutscher Fußball-Verband der DDR) (DFV) then stipulated that the team from the lower league advanced to the next round, if the match was still a draw after 120 minutes played in the rematch. If both teams belonged to the same league, the winner was determined by penalty shoot-out.

The 14 teams in the DDR-Oberliga entered the competition in the Second round. BSG Chemie Leipzig, BSG Sachsenring Zwickau, BSG Stahl Riesa and the defending cup winner FC Vorwärts Berlin were immediatly eliminated. The last two remaining regional district cup winners were eliminated by the reserve teams of 1. FC Union Berlin and FC Karl-Marx-Stadt in the Round of 16. Only four teams from the DDR-Liga remained in the Round of 16. BSG Aktivist Scharze Pumpe was the only team from the DDR-Liga that was able to qualify for the Quarter-finals after a 2-1 victory over BSG Wismut Aue from the DDR-Oberliga.

The finalist of the previous season 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig was eliminated in the Quarter-finals after a 2-1 defeat to FC Carl Zeiss Jena. Also BSG Aktivist Schwarze Pumpe was eliminated in the Quarter-fnals. The final became a pure SV Dynamo duel, as both the new East German champion SG Dynamo Dresden and BFC Dynamo won their semi-finals.

First round

The matches were played on 24 and 27 March 1959.

Home team		Away team	Result
BSG Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe	–	BSG Chemie Grünau-Schmöckwitz	0-3
BSG Einheit Greifswald	–	BSG Einheit Rostock	5-2
SC Traktor Schwerin	–	BSG Lokomotive Stendal	0-0 a.e.t.
ASK Vorwärts Rostock	–	BSG Glückauf Bleicherode	4-0
BSG Einheit Ueckermünde	–	ASK Vorwärts Berlin	0-6
BSG Motor Sonneberg	–	BSG Wismut Plauen	2-4 a.e.t.
BSG Rotation Babelsberg	–	BSG Motor Hennigsdorf	5-1
ASK Vorwärts Neubrandenburg	–	SC Empor Rostock	1-4
BSG Motor Eberswalde	–	SC Aktivist Brieske-Senftenberg	0-2
BSG Motor Erfurt-Nord	–	BSG Stahl Thale	6-0
BSG Stahl Stalinstadt	–	BSG Aktivist Laubusch	3-0
SC Chemie Halle	–	BSG Chemie Zeitz	10-2
SG Dynamo Eisleben	–	SC Fortschritt Weißenfels	0-2
BSG Motor Bautzen	–	SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt	2-7
BSG Stahl Silbitz	–	BSG Motor Brand-Langenau	4-3
BSG Chemie Riesa	–	SC Lokomotive Leipzig	1-0
BSG Motor West Karl-Marx-Stadt	–	SC Einheit Dresden	0-2
BSG Motor Veilsdorf	–	BSG Motor Eisenach	6-2
BSG Empor Wurzen	–	SC Motor Jena	1-4
BSG Wismut Gera	–	SC Rotation Leipzig	0-1
TSC Oberschöneweide	–	SG Dynamo Hohenschönhausen	4-7
SC Aufbau Magdeburg	–	SC Dynamo Berlin	3-3 a.e.t.
BSG Motor Saalfeld	–	SG Dynamo Erfurt	1-2
BSG Aktivist Staßfurt	–	BSG Motor Süd Brandenburg	2-4
BSG Chemie Schkopau	–	BSG Chemie Greppin	0-2
BSG Chemie Lauscha	–	BSG Motor Zwickau	1-3
BSG Aktivist Brieske-Ost	–	BSG Stahl Riesa	1-2
SG Dynamo Frankfurt	–	BSG Chemie Schwarzheide	1-2
BSG Glückauf Bleicherode	–	BSG Lokomotive Halberstadt	7-0
BSG Lokomotive Haldensleben	–	BSG Chemie Leunae	2-2 a.e.t.
BSG Aktivist K.M. Zwickau	–	SC Motor Karl-Marx-Stadt	0–3

Replays

Home team		Away team	Result
BSG Lokomotive Stendal	–	SC Traktor Schwerin	1-2 a.e.t.
SC Dynamo Berlin	–	SC Aufbau Magdeburg	3-0
BSG Chemie Leuna	–	BSG Lokomotive Haldensleben	3-0

Second round

The matches were played on 4 and 10 June 1959.

Home team		Away team	Result
BSG Stahl Riesa	–	ASK Vorwärts Berlin	0-6
BSG Wismut Plauen	–	SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt	1-4
SG Dynamo Erfurt	–	BSG Motor Zwickau	1-3
BSG Chemie Schwarzheide	–	SC Chemie Halle	0–2
SC Traktor Schwerin	–	BSG Glückauf Bleicherode	2-0
BSG Chemie Leuna	–	BSG Stahl Silbitz	3-1
SC Rotation Leipzig	–	SC Aktivist Brieske-Senftenberg	3-2
SC Dynamo Berlin	–	BSG Einheit Greifswald	5-2
BSG Chemie Greppin	–	SC Turbine Erfurt	0-4
SC Empor Rostock	–	ASK Vorwärts Rostock	2-3
BSG Chemie Grünau-Schmöckwitz	–	BSG Rotation Babelsberg	2-4
SC Motor Karl-Marx-Stadt	–	SC Motor Jena	1-4
SG Dynamo Hohenschönhausen	–	BSG Motor Erfurt-Nord	3-1
SC Einheit Dresden	–	ASK Vorwärts Leipzig	3-4
BSG Motor Süd Brandenburg	–	BSG Chemie Riesa	6-3

Round of 16

The matches were played on 26 and 29 July 1959.

Home team		Away team	Result
ASK Vorwärts Berlin	–	BSG Chemie Leuna	4-1
SC Wismut Karl-Marx Stadt	–	ASK Vorwärts Rostock	2–0
BSG Motor Zwickau	–	SC Rotation Leipzig	9-2
SC Dynamo Berlin	–	SC Chemie Halle	3-2
SC Turbine Erfurt	–	SG Dynamo Hohenschönhausen	1-0
BSG Rotation Babelsberg	–	SC Traktor Schwerin	1-2
ASG Vorwärts Neubrandenburg	–	BSG Motor Eberswalde	4–0
ASK Vorwärts Rostock	–	BSG Chemie Veritas Wittenberge	2–1
ASK Vorwärts Leipzig	–	BSG Motor Süd Brandenburg	2-1
SC Motor Jena	–	SC Fortschritt Weißenfels	2-4
BSG Stahl Eisenhüttenstadt	–	BSG Motor Görlitz	3–1

Quarter-finals

The matches were played on 19 and 26 August 1959.

Home team		Away team	Result
SC Traktor Schwerin	–	SC Dynamo Berlin	0-4
SC Fortschritt Weißenfels	–	BSG Motor Zwickau	0-1
ASG Vorwärts Leipzig	–	SC Turbine Erfurt	0-3
ASK Vorwärts Berlin	–	SC Wismut Karl-Marx Stadt	2-3

Semi-finals

The two semi-finals were played on 14 and 21 October 1959.

Home team		Away team	Result
SC Turbine Erfurt	–	SC Wismut Karl-Marx Stadt	0-3
SC Dynamo Berlin	–	BSG Motor Zwickau	2-1 a.e.t.

Final

Statistics

First leg

6 December 1959 (1959-12-06)

SC Dynamo Berlin	0-0 (a.e.t.)	SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt
	Report

Heinz-Steyer-Stadion, Dresden

Attendance: 20,000

Referee: Helmut Köhler (Leipzig)

SC DYNAMO BERLIN: GK Willi Marquardt DF Martin Skaba DF Werner Heine DF Konrad Dorner MF Waldemar Mühlbächer MF Herbert Maschke MF Christian Hofmann FW Hermann Bley FW Klaus Thiemann  93' FW Günter Schröter FW Ralf Quest Substitutes: MF Karl Schäffner  93' Head coach: Fritz Bachmann

SC WISMUT KARL-MARX-STADT: GK Klaus Thiele DF Lothar Schlegel DF Bringfried Müller DF Siegfried Wolf MF Horst Tautenhahn  91' MF Jürgen Seifert MF Dieter Erler MF Manfred Kaiser FW Lothar Killermann FW Klaus Zink FW Willy Tröger Substitutes: FW Siegfried Kaiser  91' Head coach: Gerhard Hofmann

Replay

13 December 1959 (1959-12-13)

SC Dynamo Berlin	3–2	SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt
Hofmann 17', 67', Schröter 55' (pen.)	Report	Tröger 30' S Kaiser 65'

Bruno-Plache-Stadion, Leipzig

Attendance: 8,000

Referee: Werner Bergmann (Hildburghausen)

SC DYNAMO BERLIN: GK Willi Marquardt DF Martin Skaba DF Werner Heine DF Konrad Dorner MF Waldemar Mühlbächer MF Herbert Maschke FW Christian Hofmann FW Hermann Bley FW Klaus Thiemann FW Günter Schröter FW Ralf Quest  46' Substitutes: MF Karl Schäffner  46' Head coach: Fritz Bachmann

SC WISMUT KARL-MARX-STADT: GK Klaus Thiele DF Lothar Schlegel DF Bringfried Müller  52' DF Siegfried Wolf MF Dieter Erler MF Manfred Kaiser FW Lothar Killermann FW Klaus Zink FW Gottfried Eberlein FW Willy Tröger FW Siegfried Kaiser Head coach: Gerhard Hofmann

Match report

No goal was scored after 120 minutes in the first final, due to effective defensive work and lack of efficiency in the attack. Five goals were instead scored in regular time in the replay. The replay began with a furious start from SC Dynamo Berlin. The goal record showed that the new East German champion SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt and third-placed SC Dynamo Berlin were two equal opponents. The team from Saxony managed to equalize twice, before right-winger Christian Hoffman scored a winning goal for SC Dynamo from a sharp angle in the 67th minute. The second final was marked by the constructive runners, which managed to send their attackers to successful positions this time. In particular, the SC Dynamo Berlin strikers of had learned from the first final and went straight in front of the opponent's goal in the replay. The quick 1-0 goal after a successful combination from several SC Dynamo Berlin players, indicated that the East Berlin side would cope with the difficult snow-covered pitch better. However, SC Wismut-Karl-Marx-Stadt also showed stability after half an hour played, with an equalizer from Tröger, who had skillfully played off Heine. A high-class game now developed, where the players showed good technical qualities. But the balanced game took a dramatic turn in the 55th minute. SC Dynamo Berlin was awarded a penalty kick, after after a foul by Siegfried Wolf at Bley. The penalty kick was convertred by Schröter. SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Staft player Bringfried Müller suddenly blew all fuses and attacked the referees with wild insult. Müller was consequently sent off. SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt then continued the match with such severity that the match almost threatened to get out of hand. The equalizer by Kaiser with high cross directly into the goal calmed the meeting again. However, SC Dynamo Berlin was able to take advantage of its numerical superiority and took the lead again two minutes later, which it was was able to defend until the final whistle.

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Union Berlin

Ulrich Prüfke (captain) and Ralph Quest raise the FDGB Pokal trophy in 1968.

The eastern branch of the club went through a number of changes. SG Union Oberschöneweide was joined with the new sports enterprise sports community BSG Motor Oberschöneweide in 1951 and the team adopted the red and white colours that are characteristic as of today. The first team was then joined with the new sports club SC Motor Berlin in 1955. The club then became part of sports clubs TSC Oberschöneweide in 1957 and TSC Berlin in 1963.

East German football was reorganized in the middle of the 1960s. Several football department were made independent from the sports clubs to create football clubs. The football department of TSC Berlin was originally not taken into consideration. The team only played in second tier DDR-Liga and two football clubs. The football department of TSC Berlin was separated from the sports club and reorganized as football club 1. FC Union Berlin on

These football clubs and SG Dynamo Berlin formed the elite of East German football. The football departments of SC Dynamo Berlin and ASK Vorwärts Berlin were reorganizedinto BFC Dynamo and FC Vorwärts Berlin. The original plan only included two football clubs in Berlin, but

Skinheads

The Skinhead movement in East Germany was initially only a cultural phenomena and not a politically conscious tendency. It grew out of the punk subculture, and was characterized as an aggressive form of protest. The skinhead movement in East Germany was radicalized in the mid 1980s, by a hybrid of ultra-nationalism, xenophobia and anti-communism.

Football fans in East Germany would adopt nationalist chants and Nazi slogans, to provoke and express their anti-state attitude in the beginning of the 1980s. Chants and slogans such as "Zyklon B for BFC", "Jewish pigs" (Culture) or "Germany, Germany" could be heard at stadiums all over East Germany in the 1980s. But the increasing number of skinheads from the middle 1980s would lead to a shift towards a more militant and explicit racist hooligan scene. The skinhead movement in East Germany would be largely characterized by the appearance of so called "fooball skins".

East Berlin was the epicenter of the East German skinhead movement, with BFC Dynamo and 1. FC Union Berlin as its two football magnets. The Stasi concluded that 30 to 40 skinheads were associated to the two clubs in 1985. Many were attached to the supporter group Anale Berlin at BFC Dynamo. And its figures showed that 30 skinheads were followers of 1. FC Union Berlin in 1988. Far right skinheads were attached to supporter groups Borussen and Die Löwen at 1. FC Union Berlin.

The skinhead movement in East Germany grew in the late 1980s and spread outside Berlin. Skinheads would later also be found in the supporter scenes of 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig, F.C. Hansa Rostock and FC Energie Cottbus. The Stasi concluded that there were about 750 skinheads, organized in 38 small groups, in East Germany by 1987.

The regime ordered a nationwide crackdown on the skinhead movement in after the attack on a punk concert in Zionskirche in 1987.

Insolvency

In 1999, at the insistence of the fans, the renaming in BFC Dynamo. However, the trademark rights to the traditional emblem (with the traditional Dynamo-D and the abbreviation BFC) belonged since 1998, first to Peter Mager, founder of the fan club Hertha frogs and fan merchants, and have not yet been repurchased by the BFC or transferred back to the BFC. Sporty, the club initially had no success and rose in 2000 from the Regionalliga Nordost in the Oberliga Nordost (Season North) from. The resurgence in the following season failed when the BFC failed in the promotion relegation to the champions of the Südstaffel 1. FC Magdeburg. As a result, increased economic problems, so that the BFC filed for bankruptcy in late 2001 and lost the eligibility for the league.

Consolidation

After successfully passed insolvency proceedings (November 2004) and the Berlin championship in the 2003/04 season, the BFC returned to the Oberliga Nordost. President has been Norbert Uhlig since October 11, 2008. The main sponsor is the Berlin real estate company INFINITY; In addition, UNITEC GmbH, which mainly carries out façade renovation and painting work, is another main sponsor. Shirt sponsor is the DWB-Bau GmbH since the 2011/12 season.

In 2009, a new logo was designed because the original emblem was still owned by third parties. The spelling of the name of the club in the new logo triggered a discussion, since especially the spelling of the word football with double-s according to the German spelling rules is permissible only with continuous capitalization (capitalization). In connection with the Fraktur font used, the assumption arose that the association wanted to flirt with national symbolism. The Dynamo President Uhlig pointed out in this regard, that this spelling has always been used in fan merchandise. Nevertheless, the logo was revised a little later, the club name now appears in uppercase.

Players

As of 24 August 2019

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No.	Pos.	Nation	Player
1	GK	GER	Damian Schobert
3	DF	GER	Max Grundmann
4	DF	GER	Michael Blum
5	DF	GER	Kristian Taag
6	DF	JPN	Kosuke Hatta
7	MF	GER	Philip Schulz
8	MF	GER	Andreas Pollasch
9	MF	GER	Lukas Krüger
10	MF	GER	Ronny Garbuschewski
11	FW	CMR	Will Siakam
13	FW	GER	Chris Reher
15	MF	GER	Julian Hodek

No.	Pos.	Nation	Player
16	FW	GER	Steve Braun
17	MF	GER	Marvin Kleihs
18	MF	GER	Luca Radecke
19	MF	GER	Daniel Schaal
20	DF	GER	Lucas Brumme
21	DF	GER	Toni Stelzer
22	MF	TUR	Bahadir Özkan
23	FW	POL	Mateusz Lewandowski
24	MF	GER	Deniz Citlak
27	MF	HUN	Andor Bolyki
79	GK	GER	Kevin Sommer

Coaches

Current staff

As of 24 August 2019

Coaching staff
Christian Benbennek	Head coach
Martino Gatti	Assistant coach
Medical department
Adrian Marklowski	Physiotherapist
Sport management and organisation
Jörn Lenz	Team manager
Frank Radicke	Kit manager
Stefan Malchow	Kit manager
Thomas Hayn	Kit manager
Danny Kukulies	Head of Scouting
Martin Richter	Spokesperson

Coaches since 1966

SC Dynamo Berlin had six different head coaches until the founding of BFC Dynamo in 1966. The first head coach was Helmut Petzold, who was delegated along with the team of Dynamo Dresden to SC Dynamo Berlin and took office on 21 November 1954. Other head coaches of SC Dynamo Berlin were Istvan Orczifalvi, Fritz Bachmann, János Gyarmati and Fritz Gödicke. Fritz Bachmann served as head coach of SC Dynamo Berlin during the sucessfull 1959 DDR-Oberliga season.

Jürgen Bogs, head coach from 1 July 1977 to 30 June 1989, who brought BFC Dynamo to ten consecutive league titles.

No.	Coach	Period	Notes
1	Karl Schäffner	1965-1966
2	Bela Volentik	1966-1967
3	Karl Schäffner	1967-1969
4	Hans Geitel	1969-1971
5	Günter Schröter	1972-1973
6	Harry Nippert	1973-1977
7	Jürgen Bogs	1977-1989
8	Helmut Jäschke	1989-1990
9	Peter Rohde	1990-1990
10	Jürgen Bogs	1990-1993
11	Helmut Koch	1993-1995
12	Dieter Fuchs	1995-1996
13	Werner Voigt	1996-1998
14	Ingo Rentzsch	1998-1998
15	Henry Häusler	1998-1999
16	Ingo Rentzsch	1999-1999	Temporary
17	Norbert Paepke	1999-1999	Temporary
18	Klaus Goldbach	1999-1999
19	Jürgen Bogs	1999-2001
20	Mario Maek	2001-2002
21	Dirk Vollmar	2002-2003
22	Sven Orbanke	2002-2004
23	Christian Backs	2004-2005
24	Rajko Fijalek	2005-2005	Co-Head coach, Temporary
24	Bodo Rudwaleit	2005-2005	Co-Head coach, Temporary
25	Jürgen Piepenburg	2005-2005
26	Rajko Fijalek	2005-2005	Co-Head coach, Temporary
26	Bodo Rudwaleit	2005-2005	Co-Head coach, Temporary
27	Rajko Fijalek	2006-2006
28	Nico Thomaschewski	2006-2006	Co-Head coach, Player-coach, Temporary
28	Jörn Lenz	2006-2006	Co-Head coach, Player-coach, Temporary
29	Ingo Rentzsch	2006-2007
30	Nico Thomaschewski	2007-2007	Co-Head coach, Player-coach, Temporary
30	Jörn Lenz	2007-2007	Co-Head Coach, Player-coach, Temporary
31	Volkan Uluç	2007-2009
32	Hakan Pinar	2009-2009
33	Christian Backs	2009-2010
34	Heiko Bonan	2010-2011
35	Rene Gritschke	2011-2011
36	Igor Lazić	2011-2011
37	Rene Gritschke	2011-2012
38	Volkan Uluç	2012-2014
39	Thomas Stratos	2014-2016
40	René Rydlewicz	2016-2018
41	Matthias Maucksch	2019-2019
42	Christian Benbennek	2019-

Managers since 1966 II

SC Dynamo Berlin had six different head coaches until the founding of BFC Dynamo in 1966. The first head coach was Helmut Petzold, who was delegated along with the team of Dynamo Dresden to SC Dynamo Berlin and took office on 21 November 1954. Other head coaches of SC Dynamo Berlin were Istvan Orczifalvi, Fritz Bachmann, János Gyarmati and Fritz Gödicke. Fritz Bachmann served as head coach of SC Dynamo Berlin during the sucessfull 1959 DDR-Oberliga season.

Jürgen Bogs, head coach from 1 July 1977 to 30 June 1989, who brought BFC Dynamo to ten consecutive league titles.

No.	Name	Nationality	From	Until	Notes
1	Karl Schäffner	East Germany	1965	1966
2	Bela Volentik	Hungary	1966	1967
3	Karl Schäffner	East Germany	1967	1969
4	Hans Geitel	East Germany	1969	1971
5	Günter Schröter	East Germany	1972	1973
6	Harry Nippert	East Germany	1973	1977
7	Jürgen Bogs	East Germany	1977	1989
8	Helmut Jäschke	East Germany	1989	1990
9	Peter Rohde	East Germany	1990	1990
10	Jürgen Bogs	Germany	1990	1993
11	Helmut Koch	Germany	1993	1995
12	Dieter Fuchs	Germany	1995	1996
13	Werner Voigt	Germany	1996	1998
14	Ingo Rentzsch	Germany	1998	1998
15	Henry Häusler	Germany	1998	1999
16	Ingo Rentzsch	Germany	1999	1999	Temporary
17	Norbert Paepke	Germany	1999	1999	Temporary
18	Klaus Goldbach	Germany	1999	1999
19	Jürgen Bogs	Germany	1999	2001
20	Mario Maek	Germany	2001	2002
21	Dirk Vollmar	Germany	2002	2003
22	Sven Orbanke	Germany	2002	2004
23	Christian Backs	Germany	2004	2005
24	Rajko Fijalek	Germany	2005	2005	Co-Head coach, Temporary
24	Bodo Rudwaleit	Germany	2005	2005	Co-Head coach, Temporary
25	Jürgen Piepenburg	Germany	2005	2005
26	Rajko Fijalek	Germany	2005	2006	Co-Head coach, Temporary
26	Bodo Rudwaleit	Germany	2005	2006	Co-Head coach, Temporary
27	Rajko Fijalek	Germany	2006	2006
28	Nico Thomaschewski	Germany	2006	2006	Co-Head coach, Player-coach, Temporary
28	Jörn Lenz	Germany	2006	2006	Co-Head coach, Player-coach, Temporary
29	Ingo Rentzsch	Germany	2006	2007
30	Nico Thomaschewski	Germany	2007	2007	Co-Head coach, Player-coach, Temporary
30	Jörn Lenz	Germany	2007	2007	Co-Head Coach, Player-coach, Temporary
31	Volkan Uluç	Germany	2007	2009
32	Hakan Pinar	Turkey	2009	2009
33	Christian Backs	Germany	2009	2010
34	Heiko Bonan	Germany	2010	2011
35	Rene Gritschke	Germany	2011	2011
36	Igor Lazić	Bosnia and Herzegovina	2011	2011
37	Rene Gritschke	Germany	2011	2012
38	Volkan Uluç	Germany	2012	2014
39	Thomas Stratos	Germany	2014	2016
40	René Rydlewicz	Germany	2016	2018
41	Matthias Maucksch	Germany	2019	2019
42	Christian Benbennek	Germany	2019	-

Contested area

But football in East Germany was also a contested sphere. Teams were relocated and frequently renamed, and players were delegated from one team to another, in accordance with political criteria, or due to machinations of powerful political leaders or interest groups at regional or central level. The backing of a sponsor was crucial to the development of a team and many political leaders took interest in football and used their connections and resources to promote their favorite team and boost the prestige of their region or organization. Dynamo Dresden was helped to remain a top club by Hans Modrow, long time SED First secretary in Bezirk Dresden, among other local politicians. And Dynamo Dresden also had support from Horst Böhm, the Head of the Regional Administration of the Stasi in Dresden. The favoring of BFC Dynamo was not uncontested in the East German sports political establishment, not even within SV Dynamo itself. But despite opposition, Erich Mielke would manage to ensure that some of the best players would be concentrated in Hohenschönhausen.

Första säsongen

The team of SC Dynamo Berlin after winning the 1959 FDGB-Pokal, at the Bruno-Plache-Stadion in Leipzig.

The team finished its first league season under the name SC Dynamo Berlin on seventh place. The team was relegated to the DDR-Liga in 1957, but returned to the top level after only one season, where it finished third in the 1959 DDR-Oberliga. SC Dynamo Berlin then won its first trophy, by defeating SC Wismut Karl-Marx-Stadt in the the 1959 FDGB-Pokal final. The first leg ended 0-0, but the second leg was won 3-2, with two goals scored by Christian Hofmann and a penalty goal by Günter Schröter.

SC Dynamo Berlin had some success in the first seasons of the 1960s, with a second place in the 1960 DDR-Oberliga season and an appearance in the 1961 FDGB-Pokal final. But SC Dynamo Berlin would now find itself overshadowed in the capital by the army sponsored ASK Vorwärts Berlin, who had captured the league title in 1958 and 1960, and would go on to capture four more league titles over the coming years. The team of SC Dynamo Berlin of the 1960s was relatively weak. Their play had fallen off by 1963, and they now became a lower table side. The former Dresden players had also started to age, and a second relegation to the DDR-Liga would eventually occur.

Günter Schröter, Horst Kohle and Martin Skaba, during a match between ASK Vorwärts Berlin and SC Dynamo Berlin at the Walther-Ulbricht-Stadion in 1959.

Att göra

• Lägga till fotnoter.
• Gå igenom källor, se till så access-date finns.

Deutschland music video =

The video shows scenes from over 2000 years of German history; from the Roman commander Germanicus campaigns to Magna Germania in the year 16 AD, showing a Roman legion creeping through the woods in the aftermath of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, over knights, the Witch-hunts, rats scuttling the floors when monk enter, suggesting the Pied Piper of Hamelin, the November Revolution at the end of the First World War, the hyperinflation in the early years of the Weimar Republic, the Golden Twenties, the Nazi book burnings in 1933, the shwowing the band leaving a burning wreck, suggesting the Hindenburg disaster, the Second World War, the Holocaust, the German Democratic Republic (GDR), including the the East German cosmonaut Sigmund Jähn and a lookalike of the repressive last GDR leader Erich Honecker, the Red Army Fraction, to the May Day in Kreuzberg. Ultimately, all periods of time end with violence.

The members of the band take on different roles in different time periods. At the arrival of the Roman Legion in the beginning of the video, the black Germania, accompanied by wolved, cuts of the head of the obviously dead singer of the band, Till Lindeman, who is portraying a Roman. This entry-level scene is alluding to raising the population against the Roman occupiers. Later, Germania reappears in various costumes in all periods, often surrounded by German shepherd dogs. Repeatedly she is shown carrying her head with him. Often she seems to passively accompany the events, but occasionally she also actively intervenes, for example, by handing over blows to two men during the Weimar Republic, when she brings knights back to life after a battle or when riding an army on a horse. Occasionally it is also the victim of events; So she lies as food with sauerkraut in front of devouring monks, is burned by knights on a pyre, shot as a general of the SS by the concentration camp prisoners in the face or is fearful hostage of the RAF terrorists. After kissing the head of the dead singer, she becomes pregnant and later released by an obstetrician from several Leonbergers. Finally, the supposedly dead, or perhaps just asleep, Germania is sent into space in a future scenario in a glass coffin reminiscent of Snow White. During the credits, Clemens Pötzsch plays a piano version of Rammstein's piece Sonne, in which Schneewittchen's music video played an equally ambiguous role. At the end, he also came into a coffin and later emerged alive again.

In addition to the music of Rammstein and Pötzsch, the play also includes the play The Beast by the composer Jóhann Jóhannsson, who died in February 2018 from his soundtrack to the film Sicario.

Fanclubs and minor ultras

RB Leipzig had around 160 fanclubs with around 16,000 members at the end of the 2017-18 season, of which 41 were official fan clubs.

The first two to become registered as official fanclubs were L.E Bulls and Bulls Club, both registered in 2009. L.E Bulls is the oldest official fanclub, but Bulls Club claims to be the biggest.  Rasenballisten and Fraktion Red Pride. RB Leipzig also has a minor ultras scene with groups such as Red Aces and Lecrats. The German newspaper Mitteldeutsche Zeitung reported that RB Leipzig had 5,000 organized supporters by March 2016. 

The fan scene is region in nature, stretchting from Berlin and southern Brandenburg over the agglomeration of Leipzig-Halle to southern Thuringia, northern Hesse and northern Franconia. There are also a few fan club and groups in the Ruhr area, in the Stuttgart area, in Northern Germany and outside Germany in Upper Austria.

The active supporters have found their home with in sector B, especially in blocks 27, 28 and 29, and also in the adjacent blocks 12 and 13 in sector A, 26 and 30 in sector B and 31-33 in Sector C have since formed several fan groups intervening in active support. In addition, since 2013, gradually established a fan area with less active support in the sector B opposite sector D on the north side of the stadium.

The fan scene has taken positions against right-wing extremism and violence. Ultra group Red Aces organized a demonstration against Legida in 2015 and has displayed banners with clear anti-racist and banners supporting diversity and tolerance. According to the group, the club does not want politics in the stadium. However, Sporting director Ralf Ragnick has responded that there is no ban against anti-racist messages in stadium, explaining that a certain banner was prohibited because it contained abusive language, and that the club of course would agree if a fan wanted to display a banner with a message such as "RBL Fans against Racism".

A demonstraton against the Legida took place in Leipzig since 2015 were no longer carried to the stadium after several disputes with the club. [135] The Leipzig fan scene responds ironically to insults of the opposing fans and puts a lot of attention to nonviolence in their own stadium. [136] [137] After riots in the league match against Borussia Dortmund, the fan scene of RB Leipzig positioned in the subsequent home game against Hamburger SV with more than 100 banners under the slogan "Football for all instead of inhumane riots" against hatred and violence in German football stadiums. At the previous game in Dortmund wanted to stop according to police about 350 to 400 supporters of all Dortmunder Ultragruppierungen originally the team bus of the Leipzig. However, this was piloted on another route to the stadium and the frustration was discharged to the arriving guest fans. The desire for a nonviolent fan scene results in Leipzig also from the importance of the city for football riots by Lokalderbys between Lokomotive / VfB and Chemistry / Saxony Leipzig.

RB Leipzig - To-do list

• Expand section on 2. Bundesliga.
• Update paragraph on license for the 2. Bundesliga.
• Update section on organization.
• Expand section on supporters.
• Add a section about the new training center.
• Add inclusion criteria and references for notable players.
• Adjust structure, move sections.
• Add section on junior football.
• Add section on women's football.
• Add section on youth academy.
• Add section on captains.
• Update sections on team staff.
• Youth academy, check typos. Head of youth development? Coordinator of goalkeeper training...?
• Add info on plans to build new stadiums for professional and reserve team.
• Update section on training center, with information from official webpage.
• Expand section on founding (earlier plans to invest, etc.)
• Expand section on current stadium.
• Expand section on supporters, is there an umbrella organization?
• Add section on colours and crest.
• Expand section on criticism.
• Expand section on Reserve team, including staff.
• Add info on Fanprojekt Leipzig
• Tino Vogel.
• Thomas Linke.
• Andreas Sadlo.
• Enrico Bach.
• Joachim Krug.
• Lägg till om Perry Bräutigam
• Blev fotbollsskolan I Halle verkligen inställd? Ta bort det från avsnittt om juniorfotboll.
• Expand section on license. Independence? Describe previous status and the changes that the club had to do.
• Update section on 2. Bundesliga (incl. departure of Tim Sebastian, förlängning med svensk och Sabitzer, match mot St. Pauli och hur säsongen slutade).
• Add section on club officials.
• Check typos and make sure that the use of certain terms is consistent. Examples: "manager"/"trainer", "club"/"team" and "reserve team"/"second team", "pitch"/"field", etc.
• Check overall language, especially the language in the history section.
• Sponsor: Media markt.

Juniorfotboll

The training center will be gradually expended and renewed. RB Leipzig will also cooperate with the SFV in scouting, and aim to attract talents not only from Saxony, but from other states as well.

Sponsorship

RB Leipzig main sponsor has been Red Bull GmbH since the club's founding. Kits were originally provided by the German sportswear brand Adidas. In 2014, the club switched to the American sportswear brand Nike, in an agreement that will be in place until at least 2025. In 2014, the club also entered into promotional agreements with Hugo Boss, Porsche as youth sponsor and Volkswagen for stadium commercials. In 2016, RB Leipzig entered a major sponsorship deal with German consumer electronics retailer Media Markt and a sponsorship deal with Leipzig public utility and transport group LVV Leipziger Versorgungs- und Verkehrsgesellschaft mbH (Leipziger Stadtholding). The sponsorship deal with deal with Leipziger Stadtholding is worth 200,000 Euro per deal, thus reducing the dependency on Red Bull GmbH. The two deals will reduce the dependency on Red Bull GmbH, and help the club getting closes on meeting UEFA Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulation.

and Leipzig public utility and transport group LVV Leipziger Versorgungs- und Verkehrsgesellschaft mbH (Leipziger Stadtholding).

In 2016, RB Leipzig entered two major sponsor deals with Mediamarkt AG and LVV Leipziger Versorgungs- und Verkehrsgesellschaft mbH. The sponsor deals are worth 1,5 million Euros per years, thus reducing the dependancy on Red Bull GmbH and helping the club getting closer to meeting the UEFS Fair Play regulations.

Diverse

• Berättelsens om elektrinerk Galli, som inte fick bli medlem. Blev senare medlem I hederrådets.
• Började utan logo.
• Kravaller vid första matchen.
• 25 players are youth nationals as of 2015.
• Eleven players of the firmer first team of SSV Markrandstädt were allowed to remain in the team for the 2009-10 season.
• Värvade kända spelare som Thomas Kläsener, Sven Neuhaus, Ingo Hertzsch och Christian Reimann inför 2009-10 säsongen.
• Värvade målvakttränaren Perry Bräutigam och assisterande tränaren Lars Weißenberger inför säsongen 2009-10.
• The club started the 2009-10 season without a crest. The first proposal was rejected. It bore to many similarities with the corporate logo of Red Bull GmbH.
• After leaving his post as head coach of the professional team in 2010, Tino Vogel, went on to become the head coach of the A-junior team.
• In 2014, Achim Beierlorzer was brought in from Greuther¨Fürth as new coach of the U17 team.
• Boarding school is larger than that of any other Bundesliga club.
• As of 2014, players were sent to Red Bull Salzburg to gain international experience. Massimo Bruno was sent to Red Bull Salzburg to gain Champions League experience.
• The club had 18 youth nationals as of July 2015.
• Mostly young players are under contract in Austria, which will then be recommended for Leipzig. The strongest team will play in Germany.
• Rangnick denies that FC Red Bull Salzburg is some kind of farm team.
• The U11 team won the Stadtpokal in 2014.
• Positivt kritik från Holger Nussbaum.
• Utveckla unga seplare, key-part.
• Tre vänskapsmatchr inställda på grund av säkerhetsrisker.
• Första bortamatch möt St.Pauli, alla boöjetter sålda och tal mot rasism, se officiella hemsidan.
• Rik fotbollskultur I Leipzig.
• DFB, ansvarar för licens I fjärdeligan. Vetoade investering i Sachsen.
• Skulle behöva starta I Kreisklasse.
• DFB inte längre ansvarig för Oberliga.
• RB Leipzig saknade de ungdomslag som krävdes.
• Längtan efter högklassig fotboll.
• Juniorlagen såldes till Red Bull.
• Östtyyskland hungrar efter toppklassfotboll.
• VfB Leipzig sista lag att spela professionell fotbol 1998.
• Enorm potential I Leipzig.
• Spela utan logo, logo föbjuden.
• Traditioner gör en investering komplicerad.
• Reglerna krävde ungdomslag.
• Tog over ungdomslag, var en önskan.
• Logo och ungdomslag.
• An investment in West Germany was ultimately deemed unfavorable, because of number of major clubs already established there.
• Ang. kritik mot brist på tradition. Ingen tradition finns från början. Traditioner måste påbörjas. Klubben kommer få tradition.
• Red Rull huvudsponsor. Den finansiella situatonen kommer behöva förändras för att möta FFP.
• Ang. medlemskap. Klubben ville undvika att föreningen översvämmades av arga medlemmar.
• Klubben får kritik för brist på tradition, commercialism.
• Rafl Ragnick svarar på kritik om pengar.
• Kölmel tipsade om SSV. SSV och Kölmel hade kokat ihop upplägget.
• Laget skulle spela I de traditionella RB färgerna.
• Reserekord till matchen mot Nurnberg, 2500 supportrar. Popularitetssiffrorna pekar stadigt uppåt.
• Ville köpa lag av Sachsen.
• Började utan logo.
• Red Bull had long term plans for RB Leipzig since the club's founding, possibly up to 20 years.
• Already by 2009, it was planned that RB Leipzig would move to the Zentralstadion when the first team had advanced to the Regionalliga.
• DFL mycket imponerade av klubbens ungdomssystem, hjälpa barn från fattiga förhållanden, etc.
• Sabitzer förlänger.
• Reservlaget försökte köpa licens av Sachsen Leipzig.