User:Dwaipayanc/sandbox6

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Culture[edit]

Main article: Culture of Hyderabad, India
See also: Muslim culture of Hyderabad

Distinct linguistic and cultural traditions of North and South India meet and mingle in Hyderabad.[1][2] Hyderabadis, as residents of the city are known, have developed a culture which is a mixture of Hindu and Muslim traditions.[2] A typical Hyderabadi could be either a Telugu or a Urdu speaking person.[3] The traditional Hyderabadi garb is Sherwani and Kurta Paijama for men,[4] Khara Dupatta and Salwar kameez for women.[5] Burqa and Hijab are commonly practised by the Muslim women in public.[6] Most of the youth wear western clothing.[7] Festivals celebrated in Hyderabad include the Ganesh Chaturthi, Bonalu, Eid ul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.

Literature[edit]

Hyderabad received the royal patronage for arts, literature and architecture; this attracted men of letters and arts from different parts of the world to get settled in the city. Such multi-ethnic settlements popularised cultural events such as mushairas.[8] The Qutb Shahi reign patronised the growth of Deccani Urdu literature—the Deccani Masnavi and Diwan (collection of poems) composed during this period are among the earliest available manuscripts in Urdu language.[9] Nizam's reign saw many reforms in literary work, and introduction of Urdu as a language of court, administration and education.[10] In 1824, a collection of Urdu Ghazals named Gulzar-e-Mahlaqa, penned by Mah Laqa Bai—the first female poet in Urdu—was published from Hyderabad.[11]

The Hyderabad Literary Festival, held since 2010, is an annual event which showcases the city's literary and cultural aspects.[12] Organisations engaged in research and development of literary works include are Sahitya Akedamy, Urdu Academy, Telugu Academy, National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language, The Comparative Literature Association of India and Andhra Saraswata Parishad. The State Central Library, Hyderabad, established in 1891, is the largest public library of Andhra Pradesh.[13] The other major libraries are the Sri Krishna Devaraya Andhra Bhasha Nilayam, the British Library and the Sundarayya Vignana Kendram which also houses Urdu research center's collection.[14]

Music, performing arts and films[edit]

In princely Hyderabad, the nobles had a tradition of courtesan dance and poetry, which led to certain styles of court music and dance. Taramati of the early 16th century and Mah Laqa Bai (18th century) are two courtesans who popularised Kathak dance. Besides the popularity of Western and other Indian popular musics such as the filmi music, the residents of Hyderabad play city-based Marfa Music especially during celebratory events such as marriage and festivals.[15] The state government organizes "Golconda Music and Dance Festival", "Taramati Music Festival", and " Premavathi Dance Festival".[16][11]

Though not noted for theatre and drama,[17] the state government took efforts to promote the art of theater with multiple programs and festivals in Hyderabad.[18] The Ravindra Bharati, Shilpakala Vedika and Lalithakala Thoranam are auditoria for theatre and performing arts in the city. The Hyderabad International Convention Centre (HICC), also known as HITEX, has become well known venue address internationally.[19] Numaish is a popular annual exhibition of local and national products.[20]

Film-making in Hyderabad was started in 1917 by Lotus film Co.[21] The city is home to the Telugu film industry popularly known as Tollywood,[22] the second largest in India in terms of number of films made per year, after Bollywood.[23] Since 2005, films in local Hyderabadi dialect have gained popularity.[24] The city hosts the annual "International Children Film Festival" and the Hyderabad International Film Festival.[25][26] In 2005, the Guinness World Records declared the Ramoji Film City located in Hyderabad as the world's largest film studio.[27]

Art and handicraft[edit]

The Golconda and the Hyderabad styles are two branches of the Deccani school of painting.[28] The Golconda style that originated in 16th century during Qutb Shahi sultans is an insightful native style with the blend of foreign techniques, sharing similarity with neighbouring Vijayanagara paintings. Significant use of luminous gold and white colours is generally found in Golconda style.[29] The Hyderabad style of painting originated in the early 17th century. Highly influenced by the Mughal painting, this style makes use of bright colors, and mostly depicts regional landscape, culture, costumes and jewellery.[28] A fine art metal handicraft Bidri ware was popularised in Hyderabad in the 18th century. The Bidri ware is an Geographical Indication (GI) awarded craft of India.[30][31] The Kalamkari, a fine art of handicraft producing hand-painted or block-printed cotton textile is popular in the city.[32][33] Museums in Hyderabad include the AP State Archaeology Museum, the Salar Jung Museum (housing "world largest one-man-collection"),[34] the Nizam Museum, the City Museum,[35] and the Birla Science Museum which contains a planetarium.[36]

Architecture[edit]

Nizamia Hospital, Asif Jahi Architecture.

A distinct Indo-Islamic architecture style mixed with regional styles is reflected in Hyderabad buildings,[37][38] contributing to it being declared as the first "Best Heritage City of India" by the government of India, as of March 2012.[39] The Qutb Shahi architecture of the 15th century is manifest in colossal arches found in Charminar, Mecca Masjid and Charkaman. This style built massive walls using granite and lime mortar as the chief ingredients. Later, from 17th century Asif Jahi architecture emerged. Osman Ali Khan, the Nizam VII, is called as the maker of modern Hyderabad. The buildings constructed during his reign are impressive and represent a rich variety of architecture.[30] The structures such as the Osmania University, Osmania General Hospital and High Court are designed and constructed in the styles of medieval and the Mughal architecture. The Nizams applied the European styles in some of the constructions such as Falaknuma and King Kothi Palaces.[40][41] The city houses many famous historical sites constructed during Qutb Shahi and Asif Jahi period, including the Golconda, Chowmahalla Palace, Purani Haveli, Andhra Pradesh Legislature and others.[30][42]

Cuisine[edit]

Main article: Hyderabadi cuisine

Hyderabadi cuisine is prominent since the Nizams.[43] The cuisine comprises repertoire of spices, rice, wheat and meat dishes.[44] The Hyderabadi Biryani and Hyderabadi Haleem, with a blend of Mughlai and Arabic cuisine,[45] have become iconic dishes of India.[46] Hyderabadi cuisine is highly influenced by Mughals and partially by French,[43] Arabic, Turkish and Irani food along with the influence of native Telugu and Marathwada cuisines where rice, wheat, spices and meat are widely used to great effect bringing in a unique taste to the Hyderabadi dishes.[5][45] Other popular native dishes include Nahari, Kulche, Chakna, Baghara baingan and in desserts Qubani ka meetha, Double ka meetha and Kaddu Ki Kheer (a sweet porridge made with sweet gourd).[5][47] Other popular cuisines among expatriates and other residents are south Indian, Italian, Mexican, Chinese and Continental.[47][48] Coffee bars and pubs are also popular among the youth in the city.[49]




Referencess[edit]

  1. ^ Hyderabad: an expat survival guide. Chillibreeze. 2007. p. 9. ISBN 978-81-904055-5-3. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  2. ^ a b Mohammed, Syed (24 July 2011). "Hyderabad through the eyes of a voyager". The Times of India. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
  3. ^ "Languages". Government of Andhra Pradesh. 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  4. ^ Rajamani, Radhika (21 March 2002). "Clothes make-over for men". The Hindu. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  5. ^ a b c Leonard, Karen Isaksen (2007). Locating home: India's Hyderabadis abroad. Stanford University Press. pp. 14 and 248–255. ISBN 978-0-8047-5442-2. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  6. ^ Baseerat, Bushra (28 December 2010). "Burqa sale on the rise in old city". The Times of India. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  7. ^ "Efforts should be made to preserve traditional wear". The Hindu. 23 March 2009. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  8. ^ "Anjuman Muhibban-e-Urdu to hold international mushaira". The Siasat Daily. 13 April 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  9. ^ Hussain Khan, Masud (1996). Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 50–77. ISBN 81-260-0233-6.
  10. ^ Datta, Amaresh (2005). Encyclopaedia of Indian literature: Devraj to Jyoti, Volume 2. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 1260, 1746–1748. ISBN 81-260-1194-7.
  11. ^ a b Tharu, Susie J.; Lalita, K. (1991). Women writing in India volume 1, 600 BC to the early twentieth century. The Feminist Press. p. 120–122. ISBN 1-55861-021-8. Retrieved 23 June 2012. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  12. ^ "Celebrating creativity". Hyderabad Literary Festival 2012. 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  13. ^ Singh, T. Lalith (6 August 2005). "State central library to sport a grand look again". The Hindu. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  14. ^ "The original Urdu research center (URC)". 29 September 2009. Retrieved 29 April 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |Publisher= ignored (|publisher= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ Kumar, Abhijit Dev (23 October 2008). "It's "teen maar" for marriages, festivals". The Hindu. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  16. ^ "Doorway to culture in the name of Taramati". The Times of India. 28 December 2003. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  17. ^ Kumar, S. Sandeep (19 January 2009). "Theatre is catching up in Hyderabad". The Hindu. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  18. ^ Srihari, Gudipoodi (15 April 2011). "Verse drama feast". The Hindu. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  19. ^ "Rs 300 cr convention centre ready for inauguration in Hyderabad". Rediff. 28 December 2005. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  20. ^ "Exhibition named 'Numaish' at last". The Siasat Daily. 20 December 2009. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
  21. ^ Purohit, Vinayak (1988). Arts of transitional India twentieth century. Popular Prakashan. pp. 950–951. ISBN 0-86132-138-3. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  22. ^ "Tollywood loses top slot". The Times of India. 22 August 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  23. ^ Krishnamoorthy, Suresh (23 March 2011). "Telugu film industry MoU with Motion pictures association of America". The Hindu. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
  24. ^ Kavirayani, Suresh (1 May 2011). "New breed of Hyderabadi stars". The Times of India. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  25. ^ "17th international children's film fest starts in Hyderabad". CNN IBN. 26 December 2011. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  26. ^ K., Sangeetha Devi (15 March 2007). "Fuelled by passion". The Hindu. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  27. ^ Largest film studio. Guinness World Records. 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  28. ^ a b "Minature painting". Centre for Cultural Resources and Training. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
  29. ^ Zebrowski, Mark (1983). Deccani painting. University of California Press. pp. 40–285. ISBN 0-85667-153-3. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
    • James, Ralph; Lefèvre, L (2010). National exhibition of works of art, at leeds, 1868: official catalogue. The Executive Committee. pp. 301–313. ISBN 978-116504393-4. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  30. ^ a b c Bloom, Jonathan; Blair, Sheila (2009). The grove encyclopedia of Islamic art and architecture, volume 2. Oxford University Press. pp. 179 and 286. ISBN 978-0-19-530991-1. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  31. ^ "Proving their mettle in metal craft". The Times of India. 2 January 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  32. ^ Mohammed, Syed (20 January 2012). "Kalamkari losing Islamic thread". The Times of India. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  33. ^ Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial Series (1991). Hyderabad state. Atlantic Publishers. p. 42. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
  34. ^ "Partnership with the Salar Jung museum, Hyderabad". World collections programme. British Museum. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  35. ^ "Muffakham Jah opens City museum". The Hindu. 12 March 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  36. ^ Menon, Aparna (16 May 2011). "Here's a treasure trove". The Hindu. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  37. ^ Cite error: The named reference Andrew Petersen was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  38. ^ Burton-Page, John; Michell (208). Indian Islamic architecture:forms and typologies, sites and monuments. Brill Publishers. pp. 146–148. ISBN 978-90-04-16339-3. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  39. ^ "Heritage award for Hyderabad raises many eyebrows". The Times of India. 2 March 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
  40. ^ Michell, George (1987). The new Cambridge history of India, volumes 1–7. Cambridge University Press. pp. 218–219. ISBN 0-521-56321-6. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  41. ^ "Jubilee hall a masterpiece of Asaf Jahi architecture". The Siasat Daily. 31 December 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
  42. ^ "UNESCO Asia-Pacific heritage awards for culture heritage conservation". UNESCO. 2010. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
  43. ^ a b Sen, Colleen Taylor (2004). Food culture in India. Greenwood Puplication. p. 90. ISBN 0-313-32487-5. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  44. ^ Hahne, Elsa (2008). You are where you eat: stories and recipes from the neighborhoods of new orleans. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 47–49. ISBN 978-1-57806-941-5. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  45. ^ a b Kapoor, Sanjeev (2008). Royal Hyderabadi cooking. Popular Prakashan. p. 3. ISBN 978-81-7991-373-4. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  46. ^ "Hyderabadi haleem now close to being patented". NDTV. 2 September 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  47. ^ a b "A plateful of culture". The Hindu. 25 November 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  48. ^ Dundoo, Sangeetha Devi (29 March 2012). "It's kiwi fruit, pitted olives for the global Hyderabadi". The Hindu. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  49. ^ Morrison, Ann M. (21 January 2007). "Hyderabad, India". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
    • Sengupta, Sudipta (9 February 2011). "Aap katar mein hai". The Times of India. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
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