User:Bluedogtn/US Women's Open Page

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A blonde-haired female tennis player with white skirt and a white shirt, with a white writstband, swings a right-handed backhand
American Chris Evert won an Open Era record four consecutive titles at the US Open between 1975 and 1978, and a record six overall with victories in 1980 and 1982.

The US Open[a][b] is an annual tennis tournament created in 1881, which the women's did not start till 1887, and played on outdoor hard courts[c] at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows – Corona Park, New York City, United States.[1][2] The US Open is played during a two-week period in late August and early September, and has been chronologically the last of the four Grand Slam tournaments of the tennis season since 1987.[3] Newport (1887–1914), Forest Hills (1915–1920, 1924–1977), and Philadelphia (1921–1923) held the event before it settled in 1978 at the USTA National Tennis Center, now the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, in New York City.[4]

The women's singles' rules have undergone several changes since the first edition. From 1887 to 1911, the event started with a knockout phase, the All-Comers singles, whose winner faced the defending champion in a challenge round.[5]The All-Comers winner was awarded the title six times (1888, 1893, 1898, 1901, 1904, 1907) in the absence of the previous year's champion. The challenge round system was abolished with the 1912 edition.[6] Since 1887, all matches were played as the best-of-three sets, except during the years of 1891, 1892, 1894, and 1896-1901, when it was scored the best-of-five-sets.[6] Before 1887, the winner of the next game at five-games–all took the set in every match except the All-Comers final and the challenge round, which were won by the player who had at least six games and at least two games more than his opponent. This advantage format was introduced for the final sets of early rounds in 1884 for men but for women starting in 1887, and used for all sets in all rounds from 1887 to 1969.[6] The tie-break system was introduced in 1970 for all sets, in its best-of-nine points sudden death version until 1974, and in its best-of-12 points lingering death version since 1975.[6][7][8] In addition, the US Open is the only slam to have a final third set tie-break, which has occured twice in 1981 and in 1985.[3] The court surface changed twice, from grass (1887–1974), to Har-Tru clay (1975–1977), to hard courts, since 1978.[9]

The champion receives a full-size replica of the event's trophy engraved with her name.[10] In 2009, the winner received prize money of US$1,600,000.[11] A bonus pool of $1,000,000 is also to US Open champions who have clinched the first place of the US Open Series.[12] In the U.S. National Championships, Elisabeth Moore (1896, 1901, 1903, 1905) holds the record for most victories with four and Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman (1909–1911) holds the record for most consecutive titles in the women's singles during the challenge round format at three. After the challenge round ended at the U.S. National Championships, Molla Bjurstedt Mallory (1915–1918) and Helen Jacobs (1932–1935) holds the all-time record for most consecutive titles with four, and the most overall was eight wins by Molla Bjurstedt Mallory (1915–1918, 1920–1922, 1926).[3] In the US Open, Chris Evert (1975–1978) holds the record for most consecutive wins at four, and the record for most overall wins at six (1975–1978, 1980, 1982),[3]

Champions[edit]

Key
Regular competition
All Comers' winner, Challenge round winner ‡
Defending champion, Challenge round winner †
All Comers' winner, no Challenge round ◊

U.S. National Championship[edit]

A brown-haired woman is wearing all white clothing, and is hitting a tennis shot.
Molla Mallory's eight US singles championships is the all–time record among both men and woman.
Year Country Champion # Country Runner–up Score in the final
1887  USA Ellen Hansell †  USA Laura Knight 6–1, 6–0
1888  USA Bertha Townsend ◊  USA Ellen Hansell 6–3, 6–5
1889  USA Bertha Townsend † 2  USA Lida Voorhees 7–5, 6–2
1890  USA Ellen Roosevelt ‡  USA Bertha Townsend 6–2, 6–2
1891  GBR Mabel Cahill †  USA Ellen Roosevelt 6–4, 6–1, 4–6, 6–3
1892  GBR Mabel Cahill † 2  USA Elisabeth Moore 5–7, 6–3, 6–4, 4–6, 6–2
1893  USA Aline Terry ◊  USA Augusta Schultz 6–1, 6–3
1894  USA Helen Hellwig †  USA Aline Terry 7–5, 3–6, 6–0, 3–6, 6–3
1895  USA Juliette Atkinson ‡  USA Helen Hellwig 6–4, 6–2, 6–1
1896  USA Elisabeth Moore ‡  USA Juliette Atkinson 6–4, 4–6, 6–2, 6–2
1897  USA Juliette Atkinson † 2  USA Elisabeth Moore 6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 3–6, 6–3
1898  USA Juliette Atkinson ◊ 3  USA Marion Jones 6–3, 5–7, 6–4, 2–6, 7–5
1899  USA Marion Jones †  USA Maud Banks 6–1, 6–1, 7–5
1900  USA Myrtle McAteer †  USA Edith Parker 6–2, 6–2, 6–0
1901  USA Elisabeth Moore ◊ 2  USA Myrtle McAteer 6–4, 3–6, 7–5, 2–6, 6–2
1902  USA Marion Jones † 2  USA Elisabeth Moore 6–1, 1–0, retired
1903  USA Elisabeth Moore ‡ 3  USA Marion Jones 7–5, 8–6
1904  USA May Sutton ◊  USA Elisabeth Moore 6–1, 6–2
1905  USA Elisabeth Moore ‡ 4  USA Helen Homans 6–4, 5–7, 6–1
1906  USA Helen Homans ‡  USA Maud Barger–Wallach 6–4, 6–3
1907  USA Evelyn Sears ◊  USA Carrie Neely 6–3, 6–2
1908  USA Maud Barger–Wallach †  USA Evelyn Sears 6–3, 1–6, 6–3
1909  USA Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman †  USA Maud Barger–Wallach 6–0, 6–1
1910  USA Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman † 2  USA Louise Hammond 6–4, 6–2
1911  USA Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman † 3  USA Florence Sutton 8–10, 6–1, 9–7
1912  USA Mary Browne  USA Eleonora Sears 6–4, 6–2
1913  USA Mary Browne 2  USA Dorothy Green 6–2, 7–5
1914  USA Mary Browne 3  USA Marie Wagner 6–2, 1–6, 6–1
1915  NOR Molla Bjurstedt Mallory  USA Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman 4–6, 6–2, 6–0
1916  NOR Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 2  USA Louise Hammond Raymond 6–0, 6–1
1917  NOR Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 3  USA :fr:Marion Vanderhoef 4–6, 6–0, 6–2
1918  NOR Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 4  USA Eleanor E. Goss 6–4, 6–3
1919  USA Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman 4  USA Marion Zinderstein 6–1, 6–2
1920  USA Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 5  USA Marion Zinderstein 6–3, 6–1
1921  USA Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 6  USA Mary Browne 4–6, 6–4, 6–2
1922  USA Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 7  USA Helen Wills Moody 6–3, 6–1
1923  USA Helen Wills Moody  USA Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 6–2, 6–1
1924  USA Helen Wills Moody 2  USA Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 6–1, 6–3
1925  USA Helen Wills Moody 3  UK Kitty McKane Godfree 3–6, 6–0, 6–2
1926  USA Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 8  USA Elizabeth Ryan 4–6, 6–4, 9–7
1927  USA Helen Wills Moody 4  UK Betty Nuthall Shoemaker 6–1, 6–4
1928  USA Helen Wills Moody 5  USA Helen Jacobs 6–2, 6–1
1929  USA Helen Wills Moody 6  UK Phoebe Holcroft Watson 6–4, 6–2
1930  UK Betty Nuthall Shoemaker  USA Anna McCune Harper 6–1, 6–4
1931  USA Helen Wills Moody 7  UK Eileen Bennett Whittingstall 6–4, 6–1
1932  USA Helen Jacobs  USA Carolin Babcock Stark 6–2, 6–2
1933  USA Helen Jacobs 2  USA Helen Wills Moody 8–6, 3–6, 3–0, retired
1934  USA Helen Jacobs 3  USA Sarah Palfrey Cooke 6–1, 6–4
1935  USA Helen Jacobs 4  USA Sarah Palfrey Cooke 6–2, 6–4
1936  USA Alice Marble  USA Helen Jacobs 4–6, 6–3, 6–2
1937  CHI Anita Lizana  POL Jadwiga Jędrzejowska 6–4, 6–2
1938  USA Alice Marble 2  AUS Nancye Wynne Bolton 6–0, 6–3
1939  USA Alice Marble 3  USA Helen Jacobs 6–0, 8–10, 6–4
1940  USA Alice Marble 4  USA Helen Jacobs 6–2, 6–3
1941  USA Sarah Palfrey Cooke  USA Pauline Betz Addie 7–5, 6–2
1942  USA Pauline Betz Addie  USA Louise Brough Clapp 4–6, 6–1, 6–4
1943  USA Pauline Betz Addie 2  USA Louise Brough Clapp 6–3, 5–7, 6–3
1944  USA Pauline Betz Addie 3  USA Margaret Osborne duPont 6–3, 8–6
1945  USA Sarah Palfrey Cooke 2  USA Pauline Betz Addie 3–6, 8–6, 6–4
1946  USA Pauline Betz Addie 4  USA Doris Hart 11–9, 6–3
1947  USA Louise Brough Clapp  USA Margaret Osborne duPont 8–6, 4–6, 6–1
1948  USA Margaret Osborne duPont  USA Louise Brough Clapp 4–6, 6–4, 15–13
1949  USA Margaret Osborne duPont 2  USA Doris Hart 6–3, 6–1
1950  USA Margaret Osborne duPont 3  USA Doris Hart 6–4, 6–3
1951  USA Maureen Connolly Brinker  USA Shirley Fry Irvin 6–3, 1–6, 6–4
1952  USA Maureen Connolly Brinker 2  USA Doris Hart 6–3, 7–5
1953  USA Maureen Connolly Brinker 3  USA Doris Hart 6–2, 6–4
1954  USA Doris Hart  USA Louise Brough Clapp 6–8, 6–1, 8–6
1955  USA Doris Hart 2  UK Patricia Ward Hales 6–4, 6–2
1956  USA Shirley Fry Irvin  USA Althea Gibson 6–3, 6–4
1957  USA Althea Gibson  USA Louise Brough Clapp 6–3, 6–2
1958  USA Althea Gibson 2  USA Darlene Hard 3–6, 6–1, 6–2
1959  BRA Maria Bueno  UK Christine Truman Janes 6–1, 6–4
1960  USA Darlene Hard  BRA Maria Bueno 6–4, 10–12, 6–4
1961  USA Darlene Hard 2  UK Ann Haydon Jones 6–3, 6–4
1962  AUS Margaret Court  USA Darlene Hard 9–7, 6–4
1963  BRA Maria Bueno 2  AUS Margaret Court 7–5, 6–4
1964  BRA Maria Bueno 3  USA Carole Caldwell Graebner 6–1, 6–0
1965  AUS Margaret Court 2  USA Billie Jean King 8–6, 7–5
1966  BRA Maria Bueno 4  USA Nancy Richey Gunter 6–3, 6–1
1967  USA Billie Jean King  UK Ann Haydon Jones 11–9, 6–4

US Open[edit]

A blond-haired women wearing a white shirt
Steffi Graf is a five-time champion, and won five over a nine year timespan
A blond-haired woman wearing a white shirt
Martina Navratilova is a four-time champion, and won these twice back-to-back
A brown haired women in a black jacket and white shirt
Billie Jean King is a four-time champion overall and a three-time champion in the open era, and won three in four year timespan
An African American woman in all white clothing, shirt, bandanna, and skirt, is starting the serve of a tennis ball
Serena Williams is a three-time champion, and won these over a ten year timespan
Year Country Champion # Country Runner-up Score in the final
1968  GBR Virginia Wade  USA Billie Jean King 6–4, 6–2
1969  AUS Margaret Court 3  USA Nancy Richey Gunter 6–2, 6–2
1970  AUS Margaret Court 4  USA Rosemary Casals 6–2, 2–6, 6–1
1971  USA Billie Jean King 2  USA Rosemary Casals 6–4, 7–6
1972  USA Billie Jean King 3  AUS Kerry Melville Reid 6–3, 7–5
1973  AUS Margaret Court 5  AUS Evonne Goolagong Cawley 7–6, 5–7, 6–2
1974  USA Billie Jean King 4  AUS Evonne Goolagong Cawley 3–6, 6–3, 7–5
1975  USA Chris Evert  AUS Evonne Goolagong Cawley 5–7, 6–4, 6–2
1976  USA Chris Evert 2  AUS Evonne Goolagong Cawley 6–3, 6–0
1977  USA Chris Evert 3  AUS Wendy Turnbull 7–6, 6–2
1978  USA Chris Evert 4  USA Pam Shriver 7–5, 6–4
1979  USA Tracy Austin  USA Chris Evert 6–4, 6–3
1980  USA Chris Evert 5  TCH Hana Mandlíková 5–7, 6–1, 6–1
1981  USA Tracy Austin 2  USA Martina Navrátilová 1–6, 7–6(7–4), 7–6(7–1)
1982  USA Chris Evert 6  TCH Hana Mandlíková 6–3, 6–1
1983  USA Martina Navrátilová  USA Chris Evert 6–1, 6–3
1984  USA Martina Navrátilová 2  USA Chris Evert 4–6, 6–4, 6–4
1985  TCH Hana Mandlíková  USA Martina Navrátilová 7–6(7–3), 1–6, 7–6(7–2)
1986  USA Martina Navrátilová 3  TCH Helena Suková 6–3, 6–2
1987  USA Martina Navrátilová 4  FRG Steffi Graf 7–6(7–4), 6–1
1988  FRG Steffi Graf  ARG Gabriela Sabatini 6–3, 3–6, 6–1
1989  FRG Steffi Graf 2  USA Martina Navrátilová 3–6, 7–5, 6–1
1990  ARG Gabriela Sabatini  FRG Steffi Graf 6–2, 7–6(7–4)
1991  YUG Monica Seles  USA Martina Navrátilová 7–6(7–1), 6–1
1992  SCG Monica Seles 2  ESP Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 6–3, 6–3
1993  GER Steffi Graf 3  CZE Helena Suková 6–3, 6–3
1994  ESP Arantxa Sánchez Vicario  GER Steffi Graf 1–6, 7–6(7–3), 6–4
1995  GER Steffi Graf 4  USA Monica Seles 7–6(8–6), 0–6, 6–3
1996  GER Steffi Graf 5  USA Monica Seles 7–5, 6–4
1997   SUI Martina Hingis  USA Venus Williams 6–0, 6–4
1998  USA Lindsay Davenport   SUI Martina Hingis 6–3, 7–5
1999  USA Serena Williams   SUI Martina Hingis 6–3, 7–6(7–4)
2000  USA Venus Williams  USA Lindsay Davenport 6–4, 7–5
2001  USA Venus Williams 2  USA Serena Williams 6–2, 6–4
2002  USA Serena Williams 2  USA Venus Williams 6–4, 6–3
2003  BEL Justine Henin  BEL Kim Clijsters 7–5, 6–2
2004  RUS Svetlana Kuznetsova  RUS Elena Dementieva 6–3, 7–5
2005  BEL Kim Clijsters  FRA Mary Pierce 6–3, 6–1
2006  RUS Maria Sharapova  BEL Justine Henin 6–4, 6–4
2007  BEL Justine Henin 2  RUS Svetlana Kuznetsova 6–1, 6–3
2008  USA Serena Williams 3  SRB Jelena Janković 6–4, 7–5
2009  BEL Kim Clijsters 2  DEN Caroline Wozniacki 7–5, 6–3

Statistics[edit]

Multiple champions[edit]

Title defended in the challenge round
Competed in 2009 +
Champion Amateur Era Open Era All-time Years
  Molla Bjurstedt Mallory (NOR) (USA) 8 0 8 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1926
 Helen Wills Moody (USA) 7 0 7 1923, 1924, 1925, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1931
 Chris Evert (USA) 0 6 6 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982
 Margaret Court (AUS) 2 3 5 1962, 1965, 1969, 1970, 1973
 Steffi Graf (GER) 0 5 5 1988, 1989, 1993, 1995, 1996
 Pauline Betz Addie (USA) 4 0 4 1942, 1943, 1944, 1946
 Maria Bueno (BRA) 4 0 4 1959, 1963, 1964, 1966
 Helen Jacobs (USA) 4 0 4 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935
 Billie Jean King (USA) 1 3 4 1967, 1971, 1972, 1974
 Alice Marble (USA) 4 0 4 1936, 1938, 1939, 1940
 Elisabeth Moore (USA) 4 0 4 1896, 1901, 1903, 1905
 Martina Navratilova (USA) 0 4 0 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987
 Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman (USA) 4 0 4 1909, 1910, 1911, 1919
 Juliette Atkinson (USA) 3 0 3 1895, 1897, 1898
 Maureen Connolly Brinker (USA) 3 0 3 1951, 1952, 1953
 Mary Browne (USA) 3 0 3 1912, 1913, 1914
 Margaret Osborne duPont (USA) 3 0 3 1948, 1949, 1950
 Serena Williams (USA) + 0 3 3 1999, 2002, 2008
 Tracy Austin (USA) 0 2 2 1979, 1981
 Mabel Cahill (GBR) 2 0 2 1891, 1892
 Kim Clijsters (BEL) + 0 2 2 2005, 2009
 Sarah Palfrey Cooke (USA) 2 0 2 1941, 1945
 Althea Gibson (USA) 2 0 2 1957, 1958
 Darlene Hard (USA) 2 0 2 1960 , 1961
 Doris Hart (USA) 2 0 2 1954, 1955
 Justine Henin (BEL) 0 2 2 2003, 2007
 Marion Jones (USA) 2 0 2 1899, 1902
 Monica Seles (YUG) 0 2 2 1991, 1992
 Bertha Townsend (USA) 2 0 2 1888, 1889
 Venus Williams (USA) + 0 2 2 2000, 2001

Champions by country[edit]

Former country ¤
Country Amateur Era Open Era All-time First title Last title
 United States (USA) 67 21 88 1887 2008
 Australia (AUS) 2 3 5 1962 1973
 Germany (GER) 0 5 5 1988 1996
 Belgium 0 4 4 2003 2009
 Brazil (BRA) 4 0 4 1959 1966
 United Kingdom (UK) 3 1 4 1891 1968
 Norway (NOR) 4 0 4 1915 1918
 Russia (RUS) 0 2 2 2004 2006
 Yugoslavia (YUG) 0 2 2 1992 1992
 Argentina (ARG) 0 1 1 1990 1990
 Chile (CHI) 1 0 1 1937 1937
 Czechoslovakia (TCH) 0 1 1 1985 1985
 Spain (ESP) 0 1 1 1994 1994
  Switzerland (SUI) 0 1 1 1997 1997

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Tournament profile - US Open". atpworldtour.com. ATP Tour, Inc. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
  2. ^ "History of the U.S. National Championships/US Open". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
  3. ^ a b c d "History > Women's Singles Championships". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2010-02-02.
  4. ^ "US National/US Open Championships" (PDF). usta.com. United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  5. ^ "Elisabeth Holmes Moore HOF Page". International Tennis Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2010-02-03.
  6. ^ a b c d Axthelm, Pete (1967). Tennis observed: The USLTA men's singles champions, 1881-1966. Barre Publishers. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "History > Year-by-Year History". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  8. ^ "Breaking with tradition". The Age. The Age Company Ltd. 2004-01-25. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
  9. ^ Adams, Susan B. (1998-08-30). "The U.S. Open: A Celebration - A Retrospective: The Men; Twin Pillars of Fire and Ice". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
  10. ^ Fendrich, Howard (2008-10-09). "Federer feels 'much better ... than I ever have'". USA Today. Associated Press (AP). Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  11. ^ "2009 Prize Money". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-09-23.
  12. ^ "Olympus US Open Series at a glance". usopenseries.com. United States Tennis Association. 2009-05-26. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
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