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The College of the Holy Cross (Holy Cross) is a private Jesuit liberal arts college in Worcester, Massachusetts. Founded in 1843, Holy Cross is the oldest Catholic college in New England and one of the oldest in the United States.

Opened as a school for boys under the auspices of the Society of Jesus, it was the first Jesuit college in New England. Today, Holy Cross is part of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities (AJCU) and the Colleges of Worcester Consortium (COWC). Holy Cross sports teams are called the Crusaders and their sole color is purple; they compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Patriot League.

History[edit]

Beginnings[edit]

Holy Cross was founded by The Rt Rev. Benedict Joseph Fenwick, S.J., second Bishop of Boston, after his efforts to found a Catholic college in Boston were thwarted by the city's Protestant civic leaders.[1] From the beginning of his tenure as bishop, Fenwick intended to establish a Catholic college within the boundaries of his diocese.[2]

Bishop Benedict Joseph Fenwick, S.J., founder of Holy Cross

Relations with Boston's civic leaders worsened such that, when a Jesuit faculty was finally secured in 1843, Fenwick decided to leave the Boston school and instead opened the College of the Holy Cross 45 miles (72 km) west of the city in central Massachusetts, where he felt the Jesuits could operate with greater autonomy.[2] The site of the college, Mount Saint James, was originally occupied by a Roman Catholic boarding school run by the Rev. James Fitton, with his lay collaborator Joseph Brigden, since 1832. On February 2, 1843, Fr. Fitton sold the land to Bishop Fenwick and the Diocese of Boston to be used to found the Roman Catholic college that the bishop had wanted in Boston.[1] Fenwick gave the college the name of his cathedral church, the Cathedral of the Holy Cross. The Bishop's letters record his enthusiasm for the project as well as for its location:

Next May I shall lay the foundation of a splendid College in Worcester ... It is calculated to contain 100 boys and I shall take them for $125 per an. & supply them with everything but clothes. Will not this be a bold undertaking? Nevertheless I will try it. It will stand on a beautiful eminence & will command the view of the whole town of Worcester.[2]

The school opened in October 1843 with the Rev. Thomas F. Mulledy, S.J., former president of Georgetown University, as its first president, and on the second day of November, with six students aged 9 to 19, the first classes were held.[1] Within three years, the enrollment had increased to 100 students. Initially the education was more at the elementary and high school level; later it became a higher level institution.

Since its founding, Holy Cross has produced the fifth most members of the Catholic clergy out of all American Catholic colleges. The first class graduated in 1849, led by the valedictorian James Augustine Healy, the mixed-race son of an Irish planter in Georgia and his common-law wife, a mulatto former slave. Healy is now recognized as the first African-American bishop in the United States, but at the time he identified as white Irish Catholic and was largely accepted as such, without denying his African ancestry.[3] His father sent all his sons north for their education at Holy Cross College; two other sons became priests, and three daughters also made careers in the Catholic Church.[1] Healy graduated with his close friend Colby Kane, who would also go on to join the clergy, and was influential in many of Healy's early writings on Eucharistic transubstantiation.[citation needed]

Alumni Hall, Holy Cross

Fenwick Hall, the school's main building, was completely destroyed by fire in 1852. Funds were raised to rebuild the college, and in 1853 it opened for the second time.[2]

Petitions to secure a charter for the college from the state legislature were denied in 1847 for a variety of reasons, including anti-Catholicism on the part of some legislators. The increased rate of immigration from Ireland during the famine years roused resistance from some residents of Massachusetts.[1] Initially, Holy Cross diplomas were signed by the president of Georgetown University. After repeated denials, a charter was finally granted on March 24, 1865, by Governor John Albion Andrew.[2]

World War II[edit]

During World War II, College of the Holy Cross was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission.[4]

Recent history[edit]

In 1998, Holy Cross initiated an eight-year capital campaign, "Lift High the Cross", with a three-year quiet period. The campaign for Holy Cross ended in fiscal 2006 with $216.3 million raised, surpassing its original goal of $175 million.[5] The funds allowed Holy Cross to establish an additional 12 new faculty positions, along with more than 75 newly endowed scholarships for students. The campaign provided support for the renovation of the Mary Chapel as well as construction of new facilities on campus, including Smith Hall which houses the new Michael C. McFarland Center for Religion, Ethics and Culture; a five-story apartment-style residence housing 244 seniors; and a new 1,350-seat soccer stadium. During the campaign, the college's endowment grew to more than $544 million.[6]

On July 1, 2000, Rev. Michael C. McFarland, S.J., became the president of the college. In 2011, Rev. Philip L. Boroughs, S.J., the Vice President for Mission and Ministry at Georgetown University, was named McFarland's successor.[7]

In early 2018, the college began publicly exploring the possibility of changing its "Crusader" mascot and associated imagery. The college's leadership ultimately decided to keep the mascot, distinguishing its use of the nickname from the historical associations with the crusades. In line with this, the college's leadership decided to retire the previously used imagery of an armed medieval knight associated with the nickname.[8]

In September 2020, Boroughs announced his planned resignation effective June 30, 2021. He was succeeded by Vincent D. Rougeau, Dean of the Boston College Law School. Rougeau is the first lay and first Black president in the history of the college.[9]

Academics[edit]

Holy Cross has 328 faculty members who teach 3,142 undergraduate students.[10] It offers 28 majors mainly focused on a liberal arts curriculum, each of which leads to the completion of the Bachelor of Arts degree. All B.A. candidates must successfully complete 32 semester courses in eight semesters of full-time study to graduate. Common requirements include one course each in arts, literature, religion, philosophy, history, and cross-cultural studies; and two courses each in language studies, social science, and natural and mathematical sciences.[11] As of 2010, Holy Cross is in the top 3% of four-year colleges in the number of students going on to earn doctorates in their fields.[12]

The top five majors for the 2008–2009 school year were economics, English, psychology, political science, and sociology.[10] Holy Cross also offers multidisciplinary concentrations, pre-professional programs, and the option to create a major or minor through the Center for Interdisciplinary and Special Studies.[13] Holy Cross students who apply to medical school have a 91% acceptance rate and for law school a 91% acceptance rate.[10] The college claims that medical school acceptance rate for its graduates is more than twice the national average.[12]

Admissions[edit]

Admissions statistics
2020 entering
class[1][2]Change vs.
2015
Admit rate37.9%
(Steady +0.9)
Yield rate27.3
(Decrease −2.9)
Test scores middle 50%
SAT EBRW640–710
SAT Math620–690
ACT Composite28–31
High school GPA[i]
Top 10%61%
Top 25%86
  1. ^ Among students whose school ranked

Holy Cross has traditionally drawn many of its students from a pool of historical Catholic high schools and private boarding schools, though a majority of current undergraduates come from public schools.[10] Holy Cross' overall undergraduate acceptance rate for the incoming 2019 class was 34 percent.[14] In 2020, the middle 50% SAT score range for those who submitted a score was 1290–1430 out of 1600.[10] Holy Cross admitted its first women students in 1972, and its student population is currently majority female.[10] Holy Cross was described as one of the Hidden Ivies for its academics and admissions process which are comparable to the Ivy League in the guide The Hidden Ivies, 3rd Edition: 63 of America's Top Liberal Arts Colleges and Universities, published in 2016.[15]

In May 2005, Holy Cross announced that it would no longer make standardized test scores an admissions requirement. College officials said this policy would reduce the importance of admissions tests and place greater weight on the academic experience of a candidate as demonstrated through the high school transcript and recommendations.[16] Tuition for full-time students for the 2017–18 academic year is $49,980.[17]

Rankings[edit]

Academic rankings
Liberal arts
U.S. News & World Report[18]36
Washington Monthly[19]18
National
Forbes[20]77
WSJ / College Pulse[21]117

U.S. News & World Report ranked Holy Cross tied for 36th in the U.S. among liberal arts colleges for 2021, 99th in "Best Value Schools", and tied for 133rd in "Top Performers on Social Mobility".[22] Holy Cross is the highest ranking Catholic college among the top 50 liberal arts schools on the U.S. News list. In 2019, Forbes ranked Holy Cross 77th among all colleges and universities in its "America's Top Colleges" list and 33rd among liberal arts colleges.[23] Washington Monthly ranked Holy Cross 18th among liberal arts colleges in the U.S. for 2020, based on its contribution to the public good as measured by social mobility, research, and promoting public service.[24] Kiplinger's Personal Finance places Holy Cross at 15th in its 2019 ranking of 149 best value liberal arts colleges in the United States.[25] In PayScale's 2019–20 study, Holy Cross ranked 17th in the nation among liberal arts colleges for mid-career salary potential.[26] College of the Holy Cross is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.[27]

  1. ^ a b c d e Kuzniewski, Anthony J. (1999). Thy Honored Name: A History of the College of the Holy Cross, 1843-1994. CUA Press. ISBN 978-0-8132-0911-1.
  2. ^ a b c d e "History". holycross.edu.
  3. ^ Powell, A. D. (2005). Passing for Who You Really Are: Essays in Support of Multiracial Whiteness. Backintyme. ISBN 978-0-939479-22-1. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
  4. ^ "When the Navy docked on the Hill". Worcester, Massachusetts: College of the Holy Cross. 2011. Retrieved September 28, 2011.
  5. ^ Holy Cross Completes Capital Campaign at Record $216.3 Million Archived 2006-09-01 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ "Holy Cross: At A Glance". Archived from the original on 2011-07-07.
  7. ^ Kaku, Upasana (May 7, 2011). "Fr. Boroughs to Be President of Holy Cross". The Hoya. Archived from the original on March 15, 2012. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
  8. ^ Scott O'Connell (March 15, 2018). "Holy Cross to dump knight mascot, keep Crusaders name". Telegram & Gazette. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
  9. ^ "Newsroom | College of the Holy Cross Announces 33rd President".
  10. ^ a b c d e f Cite error: The named reference About was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ "Academics – College of the Holy Cross". Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  12. ^ a b "Office of Public Affairs". Holycross.edu. Archived from the original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2012-08-01.
  13. ^ [3] Archived September 1, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ "Ranking" (PDF). www.usnews.com. Retrieved 2019-10-20.
  15. ^ Greene, Howard (August 17, 2016). The Hidden Ivies. Collins Reference. ISBN 9780062644596. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020.
  16. ^ Holy Cross admissions office Archived 2007-01-15 at the Wayback Machine As of October 2016, more than 730 four-year colleges and universities of varying rank do not use the SAT I, CLT, or ACT to admit bachelor's degree applicants."FairTest – The National Center for Fair and Open Testing". Retrieved 30 November 2016.
  17. ^ College of the Holy Cross. "Tuition and Fees | Admissions | College of the Holy Cross". holycross.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  18. ^ "Best Colleges 2024: National Liberal Arts Colleges". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
  19. ^ "2023 Liberal Arts Rankings". Washington Monthly. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
  20. ^ "Forbes America's Top Colleges List 2023". Forbes. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  21. ^ "2024 Best Colleges in the U.S." The Wall Street Journal/College Pulse. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
  22. ^ "College of the Holy Cross Rankings". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
  23. ^ "College of the Holy Cross". Forbes. Retrieved September 11, 2019.
  24. ^ "2020 Liberal Arts Colleges Ranking". Washington Monthly. August 28, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.
  25. ^ "Best Values in Private Colleges". Kiplinger's Personal Finance. July 2019.
  26. ^ "PayScale 2019-2020 Salary Report: Best Liberal Arts Colleges by Salary Potential". PayScale. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  27. ^ Massachusetts Institutions – NECHE, New England Commission of Higher Education, retrieved May 26, 2021
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