Magnetobacterium bavaricum
| Mycobacterium orygis | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Nitrospirota |
| Class: | Nitrospira |
| Order: | Nitrospirales |
| Family: | Nitrospiraceae |
| Genus: | Magnetobacterium |
| Species: | M. bavaricum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Magnetobacterium bavaricum | |
Magnetobacterium bavaricum is a species of bacterium.
Morphology and physiology[edit]
Magnetobacterium bavaricum is a large rod shaped gram negative microorganism that ranges from 8um-10um in length and 1.5um-2um in width.[1][2][3][4] These microorganisms are motile by a single polar flagella and orient themselves by use of magnetotaxis.[3] M. bavaricum were found to contain upwards of 1,000 magnetosomes per cell[4][2] which is far more than required for cell orientation along the Earth's magnetic field and the execution of magnetotactic behaviors.[2] These hook-shaped magnetite crystals arrange themselves in three to six bundles of multiple chains along the organism and create magnetic moments for the cell[3][4] that allow polar magnetotaxis while the cell propels itself forward via the singular flagella.[3] These organisms are observed containing a range from zero-twenty intracellular globules containing elemental sulfur believed to aid in a sulfur oxidizing metabolism for energy production by providing an energy reservoir.[2][1][4][5]
Habitat[edit]
This species has been found within sediments of freshwater lakes in Upper Bavaria, Germany and is difficult to culture due to being a gradient organism occupying microaerobic zoned environments also known as the OAI zone.[2][3] Although this species has been identified within a small layer of sediment, it appears to account for approximately 30% of the biovolume in Lake Chiemsee surface sediments indicating it may be a dominant fraction of the microbial community found within this layer of sediment.[2][3]
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Identification of novel species of marine magnetotactic bacteria affiliated with Nitrospirae phylum". Environmental Microbiology Reports. 11 (4): 615. 2019-07-02. doi:10.1111/1758-2229.12777. ISSN 1758-2229. PMID 31264349. S2CID 195773784.
- ^ a b c d e f Spring, Stefan; Amann, Rudolf; Ludwig, Wolfgang; Schleifer, Karl-Heinz; van Gemerden, Hans; Petersen, Nikolai (1993). "Dominating Role of an Unusual Magnetotactic Bacterium in the Microaerobic Zone of a Freshwater Sediment". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 59 (8): 2397–2403. Bibcode:1993ApEnM..59.2397S. doi:10.1128/aem.59.8.2397-2403.1993. ISSN 0099-2240. PMC 182297. PMID 16349008.
- ^ a b c d e f Lefèvre, Christopher T.; Bazylinski, Dennis A. (2013-09-01). "Ecology, Diversity, and Evolution of Magnetotactic Bacteria". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 77 (3): 497–526. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00021-13. PMC 3811606. PMID 24006473.
- ^ a b c d Eder, Stephan H. K.; Gigler, Alexander M.; Hanzlik, Marianne; Winklhofer, Michael (2014-09-18). Al-Ahmad, Ali (ed.). "Sub-Micrometer-Scale Mapping of Magnetite Crystals and Sulfur Globules in Magnetotactic Bacteria Using Confocal Raman Micro-Spectrometry". PLOS ONE. 9 (9): e107356. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j7356E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0107356. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4169400. PMID 25233081.
- ^ Jogler, C.; Niebler, M.; Lin, W.; Kube, M.; Wanner, G.; Kolinko, S.; Stief, P.; Beck, A. J.; Beer, D. de; Petersen, N.; Pan, Y. (2010). "Cultivation-independent characterization of 'Candidatus Magnetobacterium bavaricum' via ultrastructural, geochemical, ecological and metagenomic methods". Environmental Microbiology. 12 (9): 2466–2478. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02220.x. ISSN 1462-2920. PMID 20406295.