List of ships and submarines built in Barrow-in-Furness

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

HMS Invincible was often referred to as the 'Pride of Barrow'
RMS Scythia was one of Cunard's longest serving liners
HMS Astute outside DDH in 2007
HMS Bulwark the former Royal Navy flagship and the most recent surface vessel built in Barrow
HMS Alliance preserved at the Royal Navy Submarine Museum in Gosport
INS Viraat of the Indian Navy is the longest serving vessel built in Barrow

Below is a detailed list of the ships and submarines built in Barrow-in-Furness, England by the Barrow Shipbuilding Company, Vickers-Armstrongs, Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering, BAE Systems Marine, BAE Systems Submarine Solutions or any other descendant companies. Whilst it is extensive it is incomplete as there are some commercial vessels missing from the list.

373 merchant ships, 312 submarines and 148 naval surface ships have been built in Barrow (for navies and companies based in the likes of Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, India, Japan, Netherlands, Russia, United Kingdom, United States).[1]

All but three nuclear submarines of the Royal Navy were built in Barrow, including the latest class of fleet submarines currently under construction by BAE Systems Submarine Solutions, utilising the massive Devonshire Dock Hall.

Some of the most notable vessels to be built in Barrow include the current Royal Navy flagship HMS Albion and the former flagships, HMS Bulwark and HMS Invincible. Abdül Hamid (the first submarine in the world to fire a live torpedo underwater), HMS Upholder (the most successful Royal Navy submarine of World War II) and the 103,000-ton oil tanker British Admiral (once the world's largest ship) were also built in Barrow, as were a number of ocean liners for Cunard Line, Inman Line, Orient Line and P&O.

Active vessels[edit]

As of 2023, the following naval ships and submarines built in Barrow are known to be active in service around the world.

  • Alborz – Frigate of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy (Commissioned in 1971)
  • HMS Albion – Amphibious transport dock of the Royal Navy (Commissioned in 2003)
  • HMS Ambush – Submarine of the Royal Navy (Commissioned in 2013)
  • HMS Anson – Submarine of the Royal Navy (Commissioned in 2022)
  • HMS Artful – Submarine of the Royal Navy (Commissioned in 2016)
  • HMS Astute – Submarine of the Royal Navy (Commissioned in 2010)
  • HMS Audacious – Submarine of the Royal Navy (Commissioned in 2020)
  • Atlântico – Amphibious assault ship of the Brazilian Navy (commissioned in 1998 as HMS Ocean of the Royal Navy)
  • HMS Bulwark – Amphibious transport dock of the Royal Navy (Commissioned in 2004)
  • HMCS Chicoutimi – Submarine of the Royal Canadian Navy (Commissioned in 1990 as HMS Upholder of the Royal Navy)
  • Sabalan – Frigate of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy (Commissioned in 1971)
  • HMS Vanguard – Submarine of the Royal Navy (Commissioned in 1993)
  • HMS Vengeance – Submarine of the Royal Navy (Commissioned in 1999)
  • HMS Victorious – Submarine of the Royal Navy (Commissioned in 1995)
  • HMS Vigilant – Submarine of the Royal Navy (Commissioned in 1996)
  • RFA Wave Knight – Fleet tanker of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (Commissioned in 2003)

Inactive preserved vessels[edit]

All vessels[edit]

Military ships[edit]

Name Class Built For Laid down Launched Fate Image
Almirante Riveros Almirante-class destroyer  Chilean Navy 1956 1958 1998 (Decommissioned)
Almirante Saldanha Training ship  Brazilian Navy 1933 1933
Almirante Williams Almirante-class destroyer  Chilean Navy 1956 1958 1998 (Decommissioned)
ARA Buenos Aires (D-6)[2] Buenos Aires-class destroyer Argentina Argentine Navy 1937 1937 1971 (Decommissioned)
ARA Corrientes [3] Buenos Aires-class destroyer Argentina Argentine Navy 1937 1937 1941 (Destroyed)
ARA Entre Rios [4] Buenos Aires-class destroyer Argentina Argentine Navy 1936 1937 1973 (Decommissioned)
ARA Hércules Type 42 destroyer Argentina Argentine Navy 1971 1976 In active service
ARA La Argentina Light cruiser Argentina Argentine Navy 1936 1937 1974 (Decommissioned)
São Paulo Minas Geraes-class battleship  Brazilian Navy 1907 1909 1951 (Destroyed)
Ying Swei Chao Ho-class cruiser  Republic of China Navy 1910 1911 1937 (Destroyed)
Araucano Submarine tender  Chilean Navy 1929 1959 (Decommissioned)
ARV Aragua Nueva Esparta-class destroyer  Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela 1953 1955 1975 (Decommissioned)
ARV Nueva Esparta [5] Nueva Esparta-class destroyer  Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela 1951 1952 1978 (Decommissioned)
ARV Zulia [6] Nueva Esparta-class destroyer  Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela 1951 1953 1983 (Decommissioned)
TCG Gayret /
HMS Ithuriel
I-class destroyer  Turkish Navy /
 Royal Navy
1939 1940 1942 (Destroyed)
HMCS Canada Patrol ship  Royal Canadian Navy 1904 1926 (Destroyed)
HMS Adventure Minelaying cruiser  Royal Navy 1922 1924 1947 (Decommissioned)
HMS Ajax Leander-class light cruiser  Royal Navy 1933 1934 1948 (Decommissioned)
HMS Albion Albion-class landing platform dock  Royal Navy 1998 2001 In active service
HMS Arrow A-class destroyer  Royal Navy 1928 1929 1943 (Destroyed)
HMS Bulwark Albion-class landing platform dock  Royal Navy 2000 2001 In active service
HMS Calcutta C-class light cruiser  Royal Navy 1917 1918 1941 (Destroyed)
HMS Cardiff Type 42 destroyer  Royal Navy 1972 1974 2008 (Decommissioned)
HMS Cassandra C-class light cruiser  Royal Navy 1916 1916 1918 (Destroyed)
HMS Colossus /
Arromanches
Colossus-class aircraft carrier  Royal Navy / French Navy 1943 1978 (Decommissioned)
HMS Crescent /
HMCS Fraser[7]
C-class destroyer  Royal Navy /
 Royal Canadian Navy
1930 1931 1940 (Destroyed)
HMS Cumberland County-class cruiser  Royal Navy 1924 1926 1959 (Decommissioned)
HMS Curlew C-class light cruiser  Royal Navy 1916 1917 1940 (Destroyed)
HMS Cygnet /
HMCS St. Laurent[8]
C-class destroyer  Royal Navy /
 Royal Canadian Navy
1930 1931 1947 (Decommissioned)
HMS Defender[9] D-class destroyer  Royal Navy 1931 1932 1941 (Destroyed)
HMS Diamond D-class destroyer  Royal Navy 1931 1932 1941 (Destroyed)
HMS Doris[10] Eclipse-class cruiser  Royal Navy 1894 1896 1919 (Decommissioned)
HMS Eastbourne Whitby-class frigate  Royal Navy 1954 1955 1985 (Decommissioned)
HMS Emperor of India Iron Duke-class battleship  Royal Navy 1912 1913 1932 (Decommissioned)
HMS Erne Black Swan-class sloop  Royal Navy 1938 1939 1965 (Decommissioned)
HMS Fame /
Generalisimo /
Sanchez[11]
F-class destroyer  Royal Navy /
 Dominican Navy
1933 1934 1968 (Decommissioned)
HMS Greyhound G-class destroyer  Royal Navy 1934 1935 1941 (Destroyed)
HMS Griffin /
HMCS Ottawa
G-class destroyer  Royal Navy /
 Royal Canadian Navy
1934 1935 1946 (Decommissioned)
HMS Hermes /
INS Viraat
Centaur-class aircraft carrier  Royal Navy /
 Indian Navy
1944 1953 In active service
HMS Illustrious Illustrious-class aircraft carrier  Royal Navy 1937 1939 1956 (Decommissioned)
HMS Indomitable Illustrious-class aircraft carrier  Royal Navy 1937 1940 1955 (Decommissioned)
HMS Invincible Invincible-class aircraft carrier}  Royal Navy 1973 1977 2011 (Decommissioned)
HMS Jamaica Crown Colony-class cruiser  Royal Navy 1939 1940 1960 (Decommissioned)
HMS Jervis Bay Ocean liner turned Armed merchant cruiser United Kingdom Aberdeen and Commonwealth Line /
 Royal Navy
1922 1940 (Destroyed)
HMS Juno [12] Eclipse-class cruiser  Royal Navy 1894 1895 1920 (Decommissioned)
HMS Keith B-class destroyer  Royal Navy 1929 1930 1940 (Destroyed)
HMS King Alfred Drake-class cruiser  Royal Navy 1901 1920 (Decommissioned)
HMS Liverpool Bristol-class light cruiser  Royal Navy 1909 1909 1921 (Decommissioned)
HMS Majestic /
HMAS Melbourne
Majestic-class aircraft carrier  Royal Navy /
 Royal Australian Navy
1943 1945 1985 (Decommissioned)
HMS Manchester Type 42 destroyer  Royal Navy 1978 1980 2011 (Decommissioned)
HMS Medway Submarine depot ship  Royal Navy 1928 1942 (Destroyed)
HMS Mohawk Tribal-class frigate  Royal Navy 1960 1962 1980 (Decommissioned)
HMS Niobe /
HMCS Niobe
Diadem-class cruiser  Royal Navy /
 Royal Canadian Navy
1897 1922 (Decommissioned)
HMS Ocean /
Atlântico
Helicopter Landing Platform/ Amphibious assault ship  Royal Navy /
 Brazilian Navy
1994 1995 In active service
HMS Pioneer Colossus-class aircraft carrier  Royal Navy 1942 1944 1954 (Decommissioned)
HMS Powerful Powerful-class cruiser  Royal Navy 1894 1895 1929 (Decommissioned)
HMS Princess Royal Battlecruiser  Royal Navy 1910 1911 1922 (Decommissioned)
HMS Resource[13] Fleet Repair ship  Royal Navy 1928
HMS Revenge Revenge-class battleship  Royal Navy 1913 1915 1948 (Decommissioned)
HMS Scarborough Whitby-class frigate  Royal Navy 1953 1955 1977 (Decommissioned)
HMS Sheffield Type 42 destroyer  Royal Navy 1970 1971 1982 (Destroyed)
HMS Spartan Bellona-class cruiser  Royal Navy 1939 1942 1944 (Destroyed)
HMS Urchin U-class destroyer  Royal Navy 1942 1943
HMS Urania U-class destroyer  Royal Navy 1942 1943
HMS Vanguard St. Vincent-class battleship  Royal Navy 1908 1909 1917 (Destroyed)
HMS Vixen /
HMCS Sioux
V-class destroyer  Royal Navy /
 Royal Canadian Navy
1942 1943 1963 (Decommissioned)
HMS Wizard W-class destroyer  Royal Navy 1942 1943 1967 (Decommissioned)
HMS Wrangler /
SAS Vyrstaat
W-class destroyer  Royal Navy /
 South African Navy
1942 1943 1976 (Decommissioned)
Iranian frigate Alborz Alvand-class frigate  Islamic Republic of Iran Navy 1968 1969 In active service
Iranian frigate Sabalan Alvand-class frigate  Islamic Republic of Iran Navy 1969 In active service
Katori Pre-dreadnought battleship  Imperial Japanese Navy 1904 1905 1924 (Decommissioned)
Kongō Kongō-class battlecruiser  Imperial Japanese Navy 1911 1912 1944 (Destroyed)
Mikasa Pre-dreadnought battleship  Imperial Japanese Navy 1898 1900 1923 (Decommissioned and preserved)
Japura /HMS Hurricane
[14]
H-class destroyer  Brazilian Navy Brazilian Navy /
 Royal Navy
1938 1939 1943 (Destroyed)
Jurua /
HMS Harvester /
Handy[15]
H-class destroyer  Brazilian Navy /
 Royal Navy
1938 1939 1943 (Destroyed)
Libertad /
HMS Triumph
Swiftsure-class battleship  Chilean Navy /
 Royal Navy
1903 1915 (Destroyed)
Maipo Oil tanker  Chilean Navy 1929 1930 1964 (Decommissioned)
Rancagua Oil tanker  Chilean Navy 1929 1930 1964 (Decommissioned)
Reşadiye /
HMS Erin
Battleship Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire /
 Royal Navy
1911 1913 1923 (Decommissioned)
RFA Wave Knight Wave-class tanker  Royal Navy 1998 2000 In active service
Russian cruiser Rurik Armoured cruiser Russia Imperial Russian Navy 1905 1906 1930 (Decommissioned)
TCG Muavenet /
HMS Inconstant
I-class destroyer  Turkish Navy /
 Royal Navy
1939 1941 1960 (Decommissioned)
TS Dufferin[16] Troopship India Indian Government 1904

Submarines[edit]

See here for every U-class submarine built in Barrow-in-Furness for the British, French, Netherlands, Polish and Soviet Navies.

Name Class Built For Laid down Launched Fate Image
Brazilian submarine Humaitá Oberon class  Brazilian Navy 3 November 1970 15 October 1971 Decommissioned in 1996
Brazilian submarine Riachuelo Oberon class  Brazilian Navy 6 September 1975 Museum ship in Rio de Janeiro since 1997
Brazilian submarine Tonelero Oberon class  Brazilian Navy 18 November 1971 22 November 1972 Decommissioned in 1996
HMS A1 A class  Royal Navy 19 February 1902 9 July 1902 Lost 1911. Wreck rediscovered 1989
HMS A10 A class  Royal Navy
HMS A11 A class  Royal Navy 8 March 1905 Scrapped in May 1920
HMS A12 A class  Royal Navy
HMS A13 A class  Royal Navy
HMS A2 A class  Royal Navy 15 April 1903 Scrapped in January 1920
HMS A3 A class  Royal Navy 13 July 1904 12 May 1912 sunk as gunnery target
HMS A4 A class  Royal Navy 9 June 1903 17 July 1904 Sold for scrapping 16 January 1920
HMS A5 A class  Royal Navy 19 February 1902 11 February 1905 Scrapped in 1920 at Portsmouth Dockyard
HMS A6 A class  Royal Navy
HMS A7 A class  Royal Navy 19 February 1903 Sunk in Whitsand Bay on 16 January 1914
HMS A8 A class  Royal Navy 23 January 1905 Scrapped in 1920
HMS A9 A class  Royal Navy
HMAS AE1 E class  Royal Australian Navy 14 November 1911 22 May 1913 Lost at Sea 14 September 1914
HMAS AE2 E class  Royal Australian Navy 10 February 1912 18 June 1913 Scuttled 29 April 1915
HMS Alcide Amphion class  Royal Navy 2 January 1945 12 April 1945 Sold to be broken up for scrap in 1974
HMS Alderney Amphion class  Royal Navy 6 February 1945 25 June 1945 Sold to be broken up for scrap in 1972
HMS Alliance Amphion class  Royal Navy 13 March 1945 28 July 1945 Museum ship/memorial since 1981 at Royal Navy Submarine Museum
HMS Ambush Amphion class  Royal Navy 17 May 1945 24 September 1945 Sold to be broken up for scrap in 1971
HMS Ambush (S120) Astute class  Royal Navy 22 October 2003 6 January 2011 Fitting out
HMS Amphion Amphion class  Royal Navy 31 August 1944 27 March 1945 Sold to be broken up for scrap in 1971
HMS Anchorite Amphion class  Royal Navy 22 January 1946 18 November 1947 Sold to be broken up for scrap in 1970
HMS Andrew (P423) Amphion class  Royal Navy 13 August 1945 6 April 1946 Sold to be broken up for scrap in 1977
HMS Anson (S123) Astute class  Royal Navy 13 October 2011 Under construction
HMS Artful (S121) Astute class  Royal Navy 11 March 2005 Under construction
HMS Astute (P447) Amphion class  Royal Navy 1944 Scrapped in 1970
HMS Astute (S119) Astute class  Royal Navy 31 January 2001 8 June 2007 In active Royal Navy service
HMS Auriga (P419) Amphion class  Royal Navy 7 June 1944 29 March 1945 Sold to be broken up for scrap in 1974
HMS Aurochs (P426) Amphion class  Royal Navy 21 June 1944 28 July 1945 Sold to be broken up for scrap in 1967
HMS Audacious (S122) Astute class  Royal Navy 24 March 2009 Under construction
HMS B1 B class  Royal Navy 25 October 1904 Relegated to training duties after World War I. She was sold for scrap in May 1921
HMS B2 B class  Royal Navy
HMS B3 B class  Royal Navy
HMS B4 B class  Royal Navy
HMS B5 B class  Royal Navy
HMS B6 B class  Royal Navy
HMS B7 B class  Royal Navy
HMS B8 B class  Royal Navy
HMS B9 B class  Royal Navy
HMS B10 B class  Royal Navy
HMS B11 B class  Royal Navy
HMS C1 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C2 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C3 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C4 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C5 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C6 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C7 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C8 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C9 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C10 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C11 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C12 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C13 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C14 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C15 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C16 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C21 C class  Royal Navy 4 February 1908 Sold 5 December 1921
HMS C22 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C23 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C24 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C25 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C26 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C27 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C28 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C29 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C30 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C31 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C32 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C35 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C36 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C37 C class  Royal Navy
HMS C38 C class  Royal Navy
Captain Thompson [17]  Chilean Navy 15 January 1929
HMCS Chicoutimi (SSK 879) Upholder/Victoria class  Royal Navy /
 Royal Canadian Navy
November 1983 2 December 1986 in active service for Canada (Dry-docked)
Delfim [18]  Portuguese Navy 1933 1 May 1934
HMS Dreadnought Nuclear-powered  Royal Navy 12 June 1959 21 October 1960 As of 2004, is laid up at Rosyth
HMS E4 E class  Royal Navy 16 May 1911 5 February 1912 Sold on 21 February 1922
Espardarte [19]  Portuguese Navy 1933 30 May 1934
HMS Excalibur Explorer class  Royal Navy 25 February 1955 Scrapped in March 1968
HMS Explorer Explorer class  Royal Navy 5 March 1954 Scrapped in March 1962
INS Gal Gal class  Israeli Navy 2 December 1975 Preserved as a museum ship since 2007
Golfino [20]  Portuguese Navy 1933 30 May 1934
Holland 4 Holland class  Royal Navy 1902 Foundered on 3 September 1912. She was salvaged and was used as a gunnery target in 1914
HMS K26 K class  Royal Navy 26 August 1919 Sold for scrapping March 1931 to Mamo Brothers, Malta
HMS K3 K class  Royal Navy 21 May 1915 20 May 1916 sold for scrapping in 1921
HMS K4 K class  Royal Navy 28 June 1915 K4 was sunk on 31 January 1918 during exercises with the 13th submarine flotilla
Kalev[21]  Estonian Navy 27 July 1935 7 July 1936 Missing after 29 October 1941
HMS L1 L class  Royal Navy 18 May 1916 1917 Sold in March 1930 and scrapped in Newport
HMS L2 L class  Royal Navy 1917 Scrapped in 1930
HMS L3 L class  Royal Navy 1917 Scrapped in 1931
HMS L4 L class  Royal Navy 1917 Scrapped in 1932
HMS L11 L class  Royal Navy 1918 Broken up in 1932
HMS L12 L class  Royal Navy 1918 Broken up in 1932
HMS L14 L class  Royal Navy 1918 Broken up in 1934
HMS L17 L class  Royal Navy 1918 Broken up in 1934
HMS L18 L class  Royal Navy 1918 Broken up in 1936
HMS L19 L class  Royal Navy 1919 Broken up in 1937
HMS L20 L class  Royal Navy 1918 Broken up in 1935
HMS L21 L class  Royal Navy 1919 Broken up in 1939
HMS L22 L class  Royal Navy 1919 Broken up in 1935
HMS L24 L class  Royal Navy 1919 Sunk in collision with HMS Resolution, 14 January 1924
HMS L25 L class  Royal Navy 1919 Broken Up in 1935
Kalev Kalev class  Estonian Navy 1 May 1935 7 July 1936 Commissioned in the Soviet Navy in 1940, sunk in 1941
Lembit Kalev class  Estonian Navy 27 July 1935 7 July 1936 Commissioned in the Soviet Navy in 1940, museum ship since 1979 in Tallinn, Estonia
HMS M1 M class  Royal Navy 1916 9 July 1917 Sunk during exercise off the Devon coast after colliding with Swedish Collier SS Vidar – All crew members were lost.
HMS M2 M class  Royal Navy 1916 15 April 1919 Lost off Chesil Beach on 26 January 1933, now a popular scuba diving location.
HMS Narwhal (N45) Grampus class  Royal Navy 29 August 1935 Sunk 23 July 1940
HMS Narwhal[22] Porpoise class  Royal Navy 25 October 1957 Sunk as a target on 3 August 1983
ORP Sokół / HMS Urchin (N97) U class  Polish Navy /
 Royal Navy
9 December 1939 30 September 1940 Scrapped in 1949
TCG Burak Reis Oruç Reis class  Turkish Navy 19 October 1940 Scrapped in 1957
TCG Murat Reis Oruç Reis class  Turkish Navy 20 July 1940 Scrapped in 1957
TCG Oruç Reis Oruç Reis class  Turkish Navy 19 July 1940 Scrapped in 1957
TCG Uluc Ali Reis Oruç Reis class  Turkish Navy 1 November 1940 Sunk by U-boat U-123 near Sierra Leone
ORP Dzik U class  Polish Navy 30 December 1941 11 November 1942 Scrapped in 1958
ORP Dzik / HDMS U-1 / HDMS Springeren U class  Polish Navy /
 Royal Danish Navy /
 Royal Navy
30 December 1941 11 November 1942 Scrapped in 1958
HMS Olympus (S12) Oberon class  Royal Navy 4 March 1960 14 June 1961 Scrapped in 2011
HMS Orpheus (S11) Oberon class  Royal Navy 8 April 1959 17 November 1959 Scrapped in 1994
HMS Osiris (S13) Oberon class  Royal Navy 1962 1964 Scrapped in 1991
HMS Otway Odin class  Royal Australian Navy March 1925 7 September 1926 Scrapped in 1945
HMS Oxley Odin class  Royal Australian Navy /
 Royal Navy
29 June 1926 Torpedoed in a 'friendly fire' situation by another Barrow-built submarine – HMS Triton (N15) – near Norway on 10 September 1939 with only 3 survivors
HMS P32 (1940) U class  Royal Navy 30 April 1940 15 December 1940 Mined on 18 August 1941 near Tripoli with the loss of 8 crew
HMS P33 (1941) U class  Royal Navy 18 June 1940 28 January 1941 Sunk, probably during depth charge attack 18 August 1941
HMS P48 (1942) U class  Royal Navy 21 August 1941 15 April 1942 Depth charged in the Gulf of Tunis, 25 December 1942
HMS Pandora (N42)[23] Parthian class  Royal Navy 1929 Sunk at Valletta, Malta, by Italian aircraft on 1 April 1942 during World War I
HMS Perseus (N36) Parthian class  Royal Navy 2 July 1928 22 May 1929 Struck an Italian mine on 6 December 1941 near Cephalonia with the loss of 60 crew
HMS Porpoise (S01)[24] Porpoise class  Royal Navy 1956 25 April 1956 Sunk as a target in 1985
HMS Poseidon (1929) Parthian class  Royal Navy 22 August 1929 Collided with the Chinese merchant steamer SS Yula on 9 June 1931 with the loss of 22 crew
HMS Proteus (N29)[25] Parthian class  Royal Navy 23 July 1929 Scrapped in March 1946 at Troon
HMS R7 R class  Royal Navy 1 November 1917 14 May 1918 Sold on 21 February 1923 to E Suren
HMS R8 R class  Royal Navy 1 November 1917 28 June 1918 Sold on 21 February 1923 to E Suren
Rahav Gal class  Israeli Navy Israeli Navy Late 1970s Decommissioned in early 2000s
HMS Repulse (S23) Resolution class  Royal Navy 4 November 1967 Decommissioned in 1996
HMS Resolution (S22) Resolution class  Royal Navy 26 February 1964 15 September 1966 Decommissioned in October 1994
HMS Rorqual (S02) Porpoise class  Royal Navy 5 December 1956 Broken up in 1977
HMS Sceptre (S104) Swiftsure class  Royal Navy 19 February 1974 20 November 1976 Decommissioned in 2010
HMS Seraph (P219) S class  Royal Navy 16 August 1940 25 October 1941 Scrapped in December 1965, parts from her conning tower were preserved as a memorial at the Citadel in Charleston, South Carolina. The only place where the Royal Navy ensign is allowed to fly in the United States
HMS Sovereign (S108) Swiftsure class  Royal Navy 18 September 1970 17 February 1973 Paid off
HMS Spartan (S105) Swiftsure class  Royal Navy 26 April 1976 7 May 1978 Paid off
HMS Splendid (S106) Swiftsure class  Royal Navy 5 October 1979 Decommissioned in 2004
HMS Superb (S109) Swiftsure class  Royal Navy 16 March 1972 30 November 1974 Decommissioned
HMS Swiftsure (S126) Swiftsure class  Royal Navy 7 September 1971 Decommissioned in 1992
HMS Talent (S92) Trafalgar class  Royal Navy 13 May 1986 15 April 1988 In active service as of 2010
Tanin Gal class  Israeli Navy Late 1970s Decommissioned in early 2000s
HMS Tapir (P335) / HNLMS Zeehond T class  Royal Navy /
 Royal Netherlands Navy
29 March 1943 21 August 1944 Scrapped at Faslane in December 1966
HMS Tireless (S88) Trafalgar class  Royal Navy 6 June 1981 17 March 1984 Active in service as of 2010
HMS Torbay (S90) Trafalgar class  Royal Navy 3 December 1982 8 March 1985 Active in service as of 2010
HMS Trafalgar (S107) Trafalgar class  Royal Navy 15 April 1979 1 July 1981 Decommissioned in 2009
HMS Trenchant (S91) Trafalgar class  Royal Navy 28 October 1985 3 November 1986 Active in service as of 2010
HMS Triton (N15) T class  Royal Navy 28 August 1936 5 October 1937 sunk, either by Italian torpedo boats or mines in the Strait of Otranto – involved in the HMS Oxley incident
HMS Triumph (N18) T class  Royal Navy 1938 Hit a mine off the coast of Greece in early January 1942 with the loss of all 59 crew
HMS Triumph (S93) Trafalgar class  Royal Navy 2 February 1987 16 February 1991 Active in service as of 2010
HMS Trump (P333) T class  Royal Navy 31 December 1942 25 March 1944 Scrapped at Newport, Wales in 1971
HMS Turbulent (S87) Trafalgar class  Royal Navy 8 May 1980 1 December 1982 Active in service as of 2010
HMS Umbra (P35) U class  Royal Navy 19 July 1940 15 March 1941 Sold for scrap in 1946, broken up at Blyth
HMS Umpire (N82) U class  Royal Navy 1 January 1940 30 December 1940 Sunk in collision on 19 July 1941 with the loss of 22 men
HMS Unbeaten (N93) U class  Royal Navy 22 November 1939 9 July 1940 Sunk on 11 November 1942 in friendly-fire incident
HMS Undaunted (N55) U class  Royal Navy 2 December 1939 20 August 1940 Sunk 11 May 1941
HMS Undine (N48) U class  Royal Navy 19 February 1937 5 October 1937 Sunk on 7 January 1940
HMS Union (N56) U class  Royal Navy 9 December 1939 1 October 1940 Sunk on 20 July 1941
HMS Unique (N95) U class  Royal Navy 30 October 1939 6 June 1940 Sunk around 10 October 1942
HMS Unity (N66) U class  Royal Navy 19 February 1937 16 February 1938 Sunk on 29 April 1940
HMS Upholder (P37) U class  Royal Navy 30 October 1939 8 July 1940 Sunk on or about 14 April 1942
HMS Upholder (S40) Type 2400  Royal Navy November 1983 2 December 1986 Commissioned Royal Navy 7 December 1990. Decommissioned 29 April 1994. Sold to Canadian Navy in 1998 and handed over in 2004. Currently commissioned as HMCS Chicoutimi (Oct 2004). Sustained fire damage in transit to Canada. Returning to service in 2014 after three years of work at Victoria Shipyard Co. Ltd. in Esquimalt.
HMS Upright (N89) U class  Royal Navy 6 November 1939 21 April 1940 Scrapped March 1946
HMS Urge (N17) U class  Royal Navy 30 October 1939 19 August 1940 Sunk 29 April 1942
HMS Ursula / V-4 U class  Royal Navy /  Soviet Navy 19 February 1937 16 February 1938 Scrapped in May 1950
HMS Usk (N65) U class  Royal Navy 6 November 1939 7 June 1940 Scrapped on 29 April 1942
HMS Utmost (N19) U class  Royal Navy 2 November 1939 20 April 1940 Torpedoed and sunk on 25 November 1942
HMS Vampire (P72) V class  Royal Navy 9 November 1942 20 July 1943 Scrapped at Gateshead in 1950
HMS Vandal (P64) U class  Royal Navy 17 March 1942 23 November 1942 The submarine probably had the shortest career of any Royal Navy submarine, being lost with all 37 on-board just four days after commissioning (north of the Isle of Arran)
HMS Vanguard (S28) Vanguard class  Royal Navy 3 September 1986 4 March 1992 Active in service as of 2010
HMS Vengeance (S31) Vanguard class  Royal Navy 9 September 1998 27 November 1999 Active in service as of 2010
HMS Venturer / HNoMS Utstein V class  Royal Navy /
 Royal Norwegian Navy
25 August 1942 4 May 1943 Scrapped in Sweden in 1964
HMS Victorious (S29) Vanguard class  Royal Navy September 1993 Active in service as of 2010
HMS Vigilant (S30) Vanguard class  Royal Navy October 1995 Active in service as of 2010

Civilian ships[edit]

Ocean liners and passenger ships[edit]

Name Class Built For Laid down Launched Fate Image
17 de Octobre[26] Passenger Cargo Ship Argentina Argentine Government 1948
(1 December)
1950
(4 April)
Accra[27] Passenger Cargo Ship United Kingdom Elder Dempster 1945
(3 December)
1947
(24 February)
RMS Antonia Passenger liner United Kingdom Cunard Steamship Company 1920 1921
(11 March)
Scrapped in 1948
Apapa[28] Passenger Cargo Ship United Kingdom Elder Dempster 1946
(2 January)
1948
Awatea[29] Passenger liner New Zealand Union Steam Ship Company of NZ 1935 1936
(25 February)
Attacked near Bougie by German bombers and sank during the night (1942)
HMS Ben-my-Chree Passenger Ferry /
Seaplane carrier
Isle of Man Isle of Man Steam Packet 1907 1908
(23 March)
Sunk on 11 January 1917 by shore-based Turkish artillery fire
RMS Carinthia Passenger liner United Kingdom Cunard Steamship Company 1924 1925
(24 February)
Sunk by a U-boat off the coast of Ireland in 1940
Chusan[30] Passenger liner United Kingdom P&O Steam Navigation Co 1947 28 June 1949
Copenhagen[31] Passenger liner Denmark Nordline 1972 Completed in Newcastle by Swan Hunter. By the time the ship was delivered to Nordline, the company was having financial difficulties and sold her to the Black Sea Shipping Co, where she was renamed Odessa. Scrapped in Bangladesh 2007.
Eva Peron[32] Passenger Cargo Ship Argentina Argentine Government 1 December 1947 25 August 1949
Fenella Passenger steamer Isle of Man Isle of Man Steam Packet Company May 1936 1937
Himalaya Steamship /
Cruise liner
United Kingdom India Australia Steamship route (TilburyMumbai – Australia) /
P&O Steam Navigation Co
5 October 1948 Broken up in 1974 in Taiwan
Hinemoa[33] Passenger Cargo Ship New Zealand Union Steam Ship Company of NZ 1945 30 May 1946 12 February 1971 sold to Fuji Marden & Co Ltd, Hong Kong, where she was towed in March by the tug Salvonia and scrapped.[34]
Hobson's Bay[35] Passenger liner Australia Commonwealth Line 4 October 1921
Kedah[36] Passenger cargo ship Singapore Straits Steamship Company, Singapore 1926 16 July 1927
TSS Lady of Mann [37] Passenger steamer Isle of Man Isle of Man Steam Packet Company 4 March 1930
SS Mayon[38] Passenger cargo ship Philippines Philippine Steamship Company 26 June 1930
HMHS Newfoundland Passenger cargo ship United Kingdom Johnston Warren Lines 24 January 1925 Converted to Hospital ship in 1940, bombed and sunk off Salerno in 1943 with the loss of 38 lives
RMS Nova Scotia[39] Passenger cargo ship United Kingdom Johnston Warren Lines 1926 Converted to troopship in 1941, torpedoed and sunk in the Indian Ocean SE off Natal Province in 1942, while carrying Italian prisoners: 858 lives lost
RMS Orama[40] Passenger liner United Kingdom Orient Steam Navigation Company 1923 20 May 1924 Converted to troopship in 1940, sunk west of Narvik in June 1940, 19 crew were lost and 280 were taken prisoner
RMS Orcades Passenger liner United Kingdom Orient Steam Navigation Company 14 October 1947 Broken up in Kaohsiung in 1973 after being gutted by a fire in Hong Kong in 1972
RMS/HMS Orford[41] Passenger liner United Kingdom Orient Steam Navigation Company 27 September 1927 Converted to troopship in 1939, bombed and beached at Marseilles in 1940 while evacuating troops from France, refloated and scrapped in 1947
Oriana Ocean liner United Kingdom Orient Steam Navigation Company 18 September 1956 3 November 1959 Broken up for scrap 2005
RMS Orion Passenger liner United Kingdom Orient Steam Navigation Company 7 February 1934 Converted to troopship in 1941, damaged in collision with HMS Revenge but repaired. Scrapped in Belgium 1963
Orizaba[42] Passenger liner United Kingdom Pacific Steam Navigation Company 1886 Ran aground and wrecked off Sydney in 1905
Oronsay Passenger liner United Kingdom Orient Steam Navigation Company 1949 30 June 1950 Transferred to P&O Steam Navigation Co in 1963, scrapped in Taiwan in 1975
Orotava[43] Passenger liner United Kingdom Pacific Steam Navigation Company 1889 Sunk in 1896 but raised and reconditioned. Transferred to many other companies and eventually scrapped in 1919
Oroya[44] Passenger liner United Kingdom Pacific Steam Navigation Company 31 August 1886 Ran aground in the Bay of Naples in 1895 – severely damaged but repaired – Transferred to Royal Mail Steam Packet Company and scrapped in Genoa in 1909
SS Orsova[45] Passenger liner United Kingdom Orient Steam Navigation Company 1952 14 May 1953 Transferred to P&O Line ownership in 1965, scrapped in 1974
Ortona /
Arcadian[46]
Passenger liner United Kingdom Orient Line – Pacific Steam Navigation Company 1899 Torpedoed in the Eastern Mediterranean while en route from Salonika to Alexandria with troops (as a troopship) – 279 lives were lost
Oruba /
Orion[47]
Passenger liner United Kingdom Pacific Steam Navigation Company 1889 Purchased by the British Admiralty in 1914 and rebuilt to represent the battleship, HMS Orion, she was scuttled at Mudros Harbour, Lemnos Island, Greece as a breakwater in 1915
Otranto[48] Passenger liner United Kingdom Pacific Steam Navigation Company 9 June 1925 Scrapped at Faslane, Scotland in 1957
Presidente Peron[49] Passenger Cargo Ship Argentina Argentine Government 3 November 1948
Queen of Bermuda[50] Passenger liner United Kingdom Furness Withy Started construction in Walker-on-Tyne 1 September 1932 sold for scrap in 1966
Rangatira[51] Passenger liner New Zealand Union Steam Ship Company of NZ 16 April 1931 Scrapped in 1967
RMS Scythia Passenger liner United Kingdom Cunard Steamship Company 1919 23 March 1920 Scrapped in 1958
RMS Strathaird Passenger liner United Kingdom P&O Steam Navigation Co 18 July 1931 Scrapped in Hong Kong in 1961
SS Strathallan[52] Passenger liner United Kingdom P&O Steam Navigation Co 23 September 1937 Damaged by torpedo in the Mediterranean on 21 December 1942, a fire the following day capsized and sunk the ship
SS Stratheden[53] Passenger liner United Kingdom P&O Steam Navigation Co Scrapped in Italy in 1969
RMS Strathmore[54] Passenger liner United Kingdom P&O Steam Navigation Co 4 April 1935 Scrapped in Italy in 1969
RMS Strathnaver Passenger liner United Kingdom P&O Steam Navigation Co 5 February 1931 Scrapped in Hong Kong in 1962

Oil, gas and LNG tankers[edit]

Name Class Built For Laid down Launched Fate Image
British Admiral[55] Oil tanker United Kingdom BP 1963 1965
(17 March)
British Adventure[56] Oil tanker United Kingdom BP 1950 1950
(12 December)
British Ambassador[57] Oil tanker United Kingdom BP 1957 1958
(16 August)
British Faith[58] Oil tanker United Kingdom BP 1956 1957
(10 December)
British Glory[59] Oil tanker United Kingdom BP 1956 1957
British Grenadier[60] Oil tanker United Kingdom BP 1961 1962
(16 August)
British Prestige[61] Oil tanker United Kingdom BP 1958
(23 October)
1961
(28 July)
British Sovereign[62] Oil tanker United Kingdom BP 1953
(27 March)
1954
(31 August)
British Victory[63] Oil tanker United Kingdom BP 1953 1955
Esso Canterbury[64] Oil tanker United States United Kingdom Canada Esso 30 May 1952 24 September 1953
Esso Westminster[65] Oil tanker United States United Kingdom Canada Esso 29 February 1952 24 September 1953
Estrella Patagonica /
Voluta /
San Casimiro[66]
Oil tanker Argentina Shell Compania Argentina de Petroleo SA 1962 Scrapped Bombay in 1989
Eugenia Niarchos[67] Oil tanker Greece Niarchos Group (Neptune Tanker Corporation) May 1955 1956
Ficus /
Empire Grenadier[68]
Oil tanker United Kingdom Shell Tankers U.K. 1942 Scrapped in 1960
Hinea[69] Oil tanker United Kingdom Shell 1956 Scrapped in 1976
Hinnites[70] Oil tanker United Kingdom Shell 1956 Scrapped in 1975
Humilaria /
San Edmundo[71]
Oil tanker United Kingdom Eagle Oil 1958 Scrapped in 1973
Kennerleya /
Empire Granite[72]
Oil tanker United Kingdom Shell UK 1941 Scrapped in 1960
Marinula /
Santa Margherita /
Trigonia[73]
Oil tanker United Kingdom Eagle Oil 1916 Scrapped Newport in 1951
Methane Princess LNG carrier United Kingdom British Gas Scrapped in 1998
Narragansett[74] Oil tanker United Kingdom United States Anglo-American Oil Company 1919 1920
Rebeca[75] Oil tanker Netherlands Antilles Antilles Curaçaosche Scheepvaart Maatschappij 1938 Scrapped in 1954
Rosalia[76] Oil tanker Netherlands Antilles Antilles Curaçaosche Scheepvaart Maatschappij 1938 Sunk in 1943
San Calisto /
Vermetus[77]
Oil tanker United Kingdom Eagle Oil /
United Kingdom Shell UK
1959 Scrapped in 1975
San Conrado /
Valvata[78]
Oil tanker United Kingdom Eagle Oil /
United Kingdom Shell UK
1960 Scrapped in 1975
San Gregorio /
Vitta[79]
Oil tanker United Kingdom Eagle Oil July 1956 1957 Scrapped in 1975
San Patricio /
Pecten[80]
Oil tanker Argentina Shell Compania Argentina de Petroleo SA /
United Kingdom Eagle Oil
1955 Scrapped in 1986
Serenia[81] Oil tanker United Kingdom Shell 1961 Scrapped in 1987
SS Spyros Niarchos[82] Oil tanker Liberia Niarchos Group 1955 1956 Scrapped in 1977

Cargo ships and other vessels[edit]

Name Class Built For Laid down Launched Fate Image
Affonso Penna[83] Floating dry dock Brazil Brazilian Government 1910
(7 June)
Anglia[84] Cable Ship United Kingdom Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Company 1898
(20 June)
Aries[85] Steam Yacht United KingdomSir James Ramsden 1873 Wrecked at Hollyhead 29 March 1880
Carl Schmedeman[86] Cargo ship Canada Tropical Steamship Company, Toronto 1 June 1951 12 May 1952
Duke of Connaught[87] Floating dry dock Canada Canadian Vickers, Montreal 1912 1912
Duke of Devonshire[88] Screw Barque United KingdomEastern Steam Ships Co Ltd 1873
(25 Jun)
HMCS Earl Grey[89] Ice breaker Canada Canadian Government June 1909
Empire Admiral Cargo ship United Kingdom Ministry of War Transport 26 March 1945 Scrapped in Taiwan, March 1969
Empire Athelstan Heavy lift ship United Kingdom Ministry of War Transport 15 January 1946 Scrapped in Yugoslavia, January 1976
Empire Charmian Heavy lift ship United Kingdom Ministry of War Transport 25 November 1942 Scrapped in India, March 1962
HMS Exmouth /
HMS Worcester[90]
School ship United Kingdom Metropolitan Asylums Board 4 April 1905 Accommodation for the Royal Navy at Scapa Flow
Geraldine Mary[91] Cargo ship United Kingdom Dominion of Newfoundland Anglo-Newfoundland Shipping Company 19 August 1924
JH Hunter Sludge vessel United Kingdom London County Council 2 October 1924
Kurtuluş Cargo ship Turkey Cargo ship (also transported food in the 1941–42 Greek famine) 1883 Ran aground and sunk near Marmara Island
Modavia[92] Cargo ship United Kingdom Donaldson Line 1925 23 September 1926 Torpedoed and sunk by E-boat in Lyme Bay in 1943
Moreton Bay[93] Cargo ship United Kingdom Donaldson Line 1921
Moveria[94] Cargo ship United Kingdom Donaldson Line 10 October 1924 Broken up in 1952

Key facts[edit]

  • The largest ship ever to be built in Barrow was the 103,000-ton oil tanker British Admiral.[95] She was the first of her size to ever be built in Britain and even held the title of being the world's largest ship for a short time.
  • The largest liner built at Barrow was Oriana. She was 804 ft long (245 m), 97 ft wide (30 m) and weighed 41,910 tons. She had a speed capable of reaching 30.64 knots (56.75 km/h; 35.26 mph), and was also the first liner to be fitted with transverse propulsion.[96]
  • The largest navy ship built in Barrow was Battleship HMS Revenge. Her Full load displacement was just over 36,000 tons.[97]
  • The largest loss of life on a Barrow-built ship was on 28 November 1942, when RMS Nova Scotia acting as a troop ship during World War II was torpedoed off the coast of South Africa by a German submarine, killing 858. This is closely followed by the events of 9 July 1917, when 843 men were killed in the UK's worst ever explosion on board HMS Vanguard.
  • The most recent Barrow-built vessel to be lost during a military campaign occurred in 1982 during the Falkland War when HMS Sheffield was attacked and sunk by the Argentine Navy.
  • The first ship to be built in Barrow was Jane Roper, which was launched in 1852, and Barrow's first steamship, a 3,000-ton liner named Duke of Devonshire, was launched in 1873.
  • The most successful British submarine of World War II was built in Barrow. HMS Upholder completed 24 patrols, sinking around 120,000 tons of enemy shipping, including the Italian destroyer Libeccio after the Battle of the Duisburg Convoy and the 18,000-ton Italian liner SS Conte Rosso.

Notables to launch vessels[edit]

20th century[edit]

21st century[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • Sweeney, Pat (2010). Liffey Ships & Shipbuilding. Mercier. ISBN 978-1-85635-685-5.
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  25. ^ Vickers Photographic Archive Archived 14 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Dockmuseum.org.uk (23 July 1929). Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  26. ^ 17 de Octobre Archived 24 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Dockmuseum.org.uk. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  27. ^ Accra Archived 24 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Dockmuseum.org.uk. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  28. ^ Apapa Archived 24 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ^ Awatea Archived 24 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  30. ^ Chusan Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  31. ^ "Copenhagen (7301221)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  32. ^ Eva Peron Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  33. ^ Hinemoa Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  34. ^ "P&O Ship Fact Sheet Hinemoa (1946)" (PDF). October 2009.
  35. ^ Hobson's Bay Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  36. ^ Kedah Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  37. ^ "Lady of Mann (1) (1930–1971)". 4 February 2008. Archived from the original on 4 February 2008. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
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  39. ^ Nova Scotia Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
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  41. ^ Orford Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  42. ^ Orizaba
  43. ^ Orotava
  44. ^ Oroya
  45. ^ Orsova Archived 8 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  46. ^ Ortona
  47. ^ Oruba
  48. ^ Otranto Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  49. ^ Presidente Peron Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  50. ^ Queen of Bermuda Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  51. ^ Rangatira Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  52. ^ Strathallan Archived 9 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  53. ^ Stratheden Archived 4 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  54. ^ Strathmore
  55. ^ British Admiral Archived 24 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  56. ^ British Adventure Archived 16 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  57. ^ British Ambassador Archived 24 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  58. ^ British Faith Archived 24 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  59. ^ British Glory Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  60. ^ British Grenadier Archived 24 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  61. ^ British Prestige Archived 24 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  62. ^ British Sovereign Archived 24 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  63. ^ British Victory Archived 24 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
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  65. ^ Westminster Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  66. ^ Estrella Patagonica
  67. ^ Eugenia Niarchos Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  68. ^ Ficus Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  69. ^ Hinea
  70. ^ Hinnites
  71. ^ Humilaria
  72. ^ "Kennerleya". Archived from the original on 4 November 2011. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  73. ^ Marinula
  74. ^ Narragansett Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  75. ^ Rebecca Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  76. ^ Rosalia
  77. ^ San Calisto Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  78. ^ San Conrado Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  79. ^ San Gregorio Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  80. ^ San Patricio Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  81. ^ Serenia
  82. ^ Meare, David. "Tirgoviste and Spyros Niarchos – IMO 5337329". Shipspotting.com. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  83. ^ Affonso Penna Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  84. ^ Anglia Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  85. ^ Lloyds Register 1876
  86. ^ Carl Schmedeman Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  87. ^ Duke of Connaught Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  88. ^ Lloyds Register 1876
  89. ^ Earl Grey Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
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  91. ^ Geraldine Mary Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
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  93. ^ Moreton Bay Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  94. ^ Moveria Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
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External links[edit]