List of mammals of Armenia
There are sixty-two mammal species in Armenia, of which one is critically endangered, two are endangered, eight are vulnerable, and four are near threatened.[1]
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:
| EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
| EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. |
| CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
| EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
| VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
| NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
| LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
| DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[edit]
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[edit]
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There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Genus: Felis
- Jungle cat, F. chaus LC[9]
- African wildcat, F. lybica LC[10]
- Genus: Lynx
- Eurasian lynx, L. lynx LC[11]
- Caucasian lynx, L. l. dinniki
- Eurasian lynx, L. lynx LC[11]
- Genus: Otocolobus
- Pallas's cat, O. manul LC possibly extirpated[12]
- Genus: Felis
- Subfamily: Pantherinae
- Genus: Panthera
- Leopard, P. pardus VU[13]
- Persian leopard, P. p. tulliana EN[13]
- Leopard, P. pardus VU[13]
- Genus: Panthera
- Subfamily: Felinae
- Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas)
- Genus: Hyaena
- Striped hyena, H. hyaena NT[14]
- Genus: Hyaena
- Family: Felidae (cats)
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
- Genus: Canis
- Golden jackal, C. aureus LC[15]
- European jackal, C. a. moreoticus
- Gray wolf, C. lupus LC[16]
- Steppe wolf, C. l. campestris
- Golden jackal, C. aureus LC[15]
- Genus: Vulpes
- Genus: Canis
- Family: Ursidae (bears)
- Genus: Ursus
- Brown bear, U. arctos LC[18]
- Eurasian brown bear, U. a. arctos
- Brown bear, U. arctos LC[18]
- Genus: Ursus
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Genus: Lutra
- Eurasian otter, L. lutra NT[19]
- Genus: Martes
- Beech marten, M. foina LC[20]
- European pine marten, M. martes LC[21]
- Genus: Meles
- Caucasian badger, M. canescens NE
- Genus: Mustela
- Least weasel, M. nivalis LC[22]
- Genus: Vormela
- Marbled polecat, V. peregusna VU[23]
- Genus: Lutra
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
Order: Chiroptera (bats)[edit]
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Genus: Myotis
- Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus LC[24]
- Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus LC[25]
- Natterer's bat, M. nattereri LC[26]
- Schaub's myotis, M. schaubi DD[27]
- Genus: Myotis
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Genus: Barbastella
- Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus NT[28]
- Genus: Nyctalus
- Greater noctule bat, N. lasiopterus NT[29]
- Lesser noctule, N. leisleri LC[30]
- Genus: Barbastella
- Subfamily: Miniopterinae
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Common bent-wing bat, M. schreibersii VU[31]
- Genus: Miniopterus
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Blasius's horseshoe bat, R. blasii LC[32]
- Mediterranean horseshoe bat, R. euryale NT[33]
- Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum LC[34]
- Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros LC[35]
- Mehely's horseshoe bat, R. mehelyi VU[36]
- Genus: Rhinolophus
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)[edit]
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.
- Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
- Genus: Erinaceus
- Southern white-breasted hedgehog, E. concolor LC
- Genus: Erinaceus
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)[edit]
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
- Family: Leporidae
- Genus: Lepus
- European hare, L. europaeus LC[37]
- Genus: Lepus
Order: Rodentia (rodents)[edit]
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).
- Suborder: Hystricomorpha
- Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
- Genus: Hystrix
- Indian crested porcupine, H. indica LC[38]
- Genus: Hystrix
- Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Genus: Sciurus
- Caucasian squirrel, S. anomalus NT
- Genus: Sciurus
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Subfamily: Xerinae
- Tribe: Marmotini
- Genus: Marmota
- Long-tailed marmot, M. caudata NT
- Genus: Spermophilus
- Asia Minor ground squirrel, Spermophilus xanthoprymnus
- Genus: Marmota
- Tribe: Marmotini
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Family: Gliridae (dormice)
- Subfamily: Glirinae
- Genus: Glis
- European edible dormouse, Glis glis
- Genus: Glis
- Subfamily: Glirinae
- Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
- Subfamily: Allactaginae
- Genus: Allactaga
- Small five-toed jerboa, Allactaga elater
- Genus: Allactaga
- Subfamily: Sicistinae
- Genus: Sicista
- Armenian birch mouse, S. armenica CR[39]
- Genus: Sicista
- Subfamily: Allactaginae
- Family: Spalacidae
- Subfamily: Spalacinae
- Genus: Nannospalax
- Nehring's blind mole-rat, Nannospalax nehringi
- Genus: Nannospalax
- Subfamily: Spalacinae
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Genus: Mesocricetus
- Turkish hamster, Mesocricetus brandti
- Genus: Mesocricetus
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Genus: Chionomys
- Snow vole, Chionomys nivalis
- Genus: Ellobius
- Transcaucasian mole vole, Ellobius lutescens
- Genus: Microtus
- Altai vole, Microtus obscurus
- Genus: Chionomys
- Subfamily: Cricetinae
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
- Subfamily: Gerbillinae
- Genus: Meriones
- Dahl's jird, Meriones dahli EN
- Persian jird, Meriones persicus
- Tristram's jird, Meriones tristrami
- Vinogradov's jird, Meriones vinogradovi
- Genus: Meriones
- Subfamily: Murinae
- Genus: Apodemus
- Striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius
- Yellow-breasted field mouse, Apodemus fulvipectus
- Black Sea field mouse, Apodemus ponticus
- Ural field mouse, Apodemus uralensis
- Genus: Micromys
- Eurasian harvest mouse, Micromys minutus
- Genus: Rattus
- Genus: Apodemus
- Subfamily: Gerbillinae
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)[edit]
The Soricomorpha are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
- Genus: Crocidura
- Armenian shrew, C. armenica DD
- Gueldenstaedt's shrew, C. gueldenstaedtii LC
- Bicolored shrew, C. leucodon LC
- Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens LC[41]
- Genus: Crocidura
- Subfamily: Soricinae
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Genus: Neomys
- Transcaucasian water shrew, N. teres LC
- Genus: Neomys
- Tribe: Soricini
- Genus: Sorex
- Eurasian pygmy shrew, S. minutus LC
- Radde's shrew, S. raddei LC
- Caucasian pygmy shrew, S. volnuchini LC
- Genus: Sorex
- Tribe: Nectogalini
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
Locally extinct[edit]
The following species are locally extinct in the country:
- Cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus[42]
- Moose, Alces alces[43]
- Onager, Equus hemionus[44]
- Goitered gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa[45]
- Lion, Panthera leo[46]
- Tiger, Panthera tigris[47]
- Caucasian moose, Alces alces caucasicus
See also[edit]
- Fauna of Armenia
- List of birds of Armenia
- List of chordate orders
- Lists of mammals by region
- Mammal classification
- Wildlife of Armenia
References[edit]
- ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have been classified as recently extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
- ^ Weinberg, P. & Ambarli, H. (2020). "Capra aegagrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T3786A22145942.
- ^ Michel, S. & Ghoddousi, A. (2020). "Ovis gmelini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T54940218A22147055.
- ^ Aulagnier, S.; Giannatos, G. & Herrero, J. (2008). "Rupicapra rupicapra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T39255A10179647.
- ^ Duckworth, J.W.; Kumar, N.S.; Anwarul Islam, M.; Sagar Baral, H. & Timmins, R. (2015). "Axis axis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T41783A22158006.
- ^ Lovari, S.; Lorenzini, R.; Masseti, M.; Pereladova, O.; Carden, R.F.; Brook, S.M. & Mattioli, S. (2018). "Cervus elaphus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T55997072A142404453.
- ^ Lovari, S.; Herrero, J.; Masseti, M.; Ambarli, H.; Lorenzini, R. & Giannatos, G. (2016). "Capreolus capreolus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T42395A22161386.
- ^ Keuling, O. & Leus, K. (2019). "Sus scrofa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41775A44141833.
- ^ Gray, T.N.E.; Timmins, R.J.; Jathana, D.; Duckworth, J.W.; Baral, H. & Mukherjee, S. (2016). "Felis chaus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T8540A50651463.
- ^ Ghoddousi, A.; Belbachir, F.; Durant, S.M.; Herbst, M. & Rosen, T. (2022). "Felis lybica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T131299383A154907281. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T131299383A154907281.en.
- ^ Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Lanz, T.; von Arx, M.; Antonevich, A.; Bao, W. & Avgan, B. (2015). "Lynx lynx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12519A121707666.
- ^ Ross, S.; Barashkova, A.; Dhendup, T.; Munkhtsog, B.; Smelansky, I.; Barclay, D. & Moqanaki, E. (2020). "Otocolobus manul". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T15640A180145377.
- ^ a b Stein, A. B.; Athreya, V.; Gerngross, P.; Balme, G.; Henschel, P.; Karanth, U.; Miquelle, D.; Rostro, S.; Kamler, J.F. & Laguardia, A. (2016). "Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15954A160698029.
- ^ AbiSaid, M. & Dloniak, S.M.D. (2015). "Hyaena hyaena". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T10274A45195080.
- ^ Hoffmann, M.; Arnold, J.; Duckworth, J. W.; Jhala, Y.; Kamler, J. F. & Krofel, M. (2018). "Canis aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T118264161A46194820.
- ^ Boitani, L.; Phillips, M. & Jhala, Y. (2018). "Canis lupus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T3746A119623865.
- ^ Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2016). "Vulpes vulpes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T23062A46190249.
- ^ McLellan, B. N.; Proctor, M. F.; Huber, D. & Michel, S. (2017). "Ursus arctos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T41688A121229971.
- ^ Roos, A.; Loy, A.; de Silva, P.; Hajkova, P. & Zemanová, B. (2015). "Lutra lutra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T12419A21935287.
- ^ Abramov, A.V.; Kranz, A.; Herrero, J.; Krantz, A.; Choudhury, A. & Maran, T. (2016). "Martes foina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29672A45202514.
- ^ Herrero, J.; Kranz, A.; Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A.V.; Maran, T. & Monakhov, V.G. (2016). "Martes martes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T12848A45199169.
- ^ McDonald, R. A.; Abramov, A. V.; Stubbe, M.; Herrero, J.; Maran, T.; Tikhonov, A.; Cavallini, P.; Kranz, A.; Giannatos, G.; Kryštufek, B. & Reid, F. (2019). "Mustela nivalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T70207409A147993366.
- ^ Abramov, A.V.; Kranz, A. & Maran, T. (2016). "Vormela peregusna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T29680A45203971.
- ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis emarginatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14129A22051191.
- ^ Coroiu, I. (2016). "Myotis mystacinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14134A22052250.
- ^ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L. (2020). "Myotis nattereri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85733032A22052584.
- ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis schaubi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14198A22061746.
- ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Barbastella barbastellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T2553A22029285.
- ^ Hutson, A. M.; Alcaldé, J. T.; Juste, J.; Karataş, A.; Palmeirim, J. & Paunović, M. (2010). "Nyctalus lasiopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T14918A4471682.
- ^ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Nyctalus leisleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T14919A22016159.
- ^ Gazaryan, S.; Bücs, S. & Çoraman, E. (2020). "Miniopterus schreibersii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T81633057A151216401.
- ^ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus blasii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19515A21972073.
- ^ Juste, J. & Alcaldé, J. (2016). "Rhinolophus euryale". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19516A21971185.
- ^ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19517A21973253.
- ^ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus hipposideros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19518A21972794.
- ^ Alcaldé, J.; Benda, P. & Juste, J. (2016). "Rhinolophus mehelyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19519A21974380.
- ^ Hacklande, K.; Schai-Braun, S. (2019). "Lepus europaeus". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41280A45187424.
- ^ Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L. J. (2016). "Hystrix indica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T10751A115099509.
- ^ Rusin, M. (2020). "Sicista armenica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T20185A22204773.
- ^ Ruedas, L. (2016). "Rattus norvegicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19353A165118026.
- ^ Hutterer, R.; Amori, G.; Krystufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L.J. (2010). "Crocidura suaveolens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T29656A9511068.
- ^ Heptner, V. G. & Sludskij, A. A. (1992) [1972]. "Cheetah, Pardus". Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats)]. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp. 702–733.
- ^ Sipko, T.P. & Kholodova, M.V. (2009). "Fragmentation of Eurasian Moose populations during periods of population depression". Alces. 45: 25–34. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.688.1148.
- ^ Kaczensky, P.; Lkhagvasuren, B.; Pereladova, O.; Hemami, M. & Bouskila, A. (2020). "Equus hemionus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T7951A166520460.
- ^ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Gazella subgutturosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T8976A50187422.
- ^ Heptner, V. G. & Sludskij, A. A. (1992) [1972]. "Lion". Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mammals of the Soviet Union, Volume II, Part 2]. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp. 83–95.
- ^ Heptner, V. G. & Sludskij, A. A. (1992) [1972]. "Tiger". Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola [Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats)]. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp. 95–202.
External links[edit]
- "Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995–2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.
