List of heads of state and government who survived assassination attempts

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is a list of heads of state who have survived assassination attempts. Many notable heads of government have been survivors of assassination attempts..

List[edit]

Article Date Intended victim(s) Title at the time Place Country Perpetrator(s)
354 BC Mausolus[1][2] Satrap of Caria and Lycia Labraunda Achaemenid Empire Manitas Paktyо̄ and Thyssos Syskо̄
227 BC Qin Shi Huang[3] King of Qin Xianyang Ancient China (Warring States period) Jing Ke
218 BC First Emperor of a unified China China Imperial China (Qin dynasty) Ordered by Zhang Liang (Western Han)
Feast at Swan Goose Gate 206 BC Liu Bang King of Han Xianyang Imperial China (Chu–Han Contention) Xiang Zhuang
156–5 BC Ptolemy VIII of Egypt[4] Pharaoh of Egypt Alexandria Ancient Egypt Ordered by Ptolemy VI Philometor, his brother
399 AD Emperor Richū Crown Prince Naniwa Ancient Japan (Kofun period) Prince Suminoe no Nakatsu (住吉仲皇子) (Younger brother)
626 AD Mar–Apr Saint Edwin of Northumbria[5] King of Deira and Bernicia York, Northumbria  England Agents of Cwichelm of Wessex
1298 Dec Edward I King of England Westminster  England Merchants of Lucca
1323 30 Nov Edward II King of England Coventry  England John of Nottingham
1330 17 Apr Charles I[6] King of Hungary Visegrád  Hungary Felician Záh
1400 4 Jan Henry IV King of England Windsor Castle  England Members of the Epiphany Rising
1401 8 Sep Westminster Unknown
1402 Yongle Emperor Emperor of China Nanjing Imperial China (Ming dynasty) Left Censor-in-Chief Jing Qing
1486 23 Apr Henry VII King of England York  England Francis Lovell, 1st Viscount Lovell
Renyin palace plot 1542 Nov Jiajing Emperor Emperor of China Beijing Imperial China (Ming dynasty) Imperial Concubine Ning, Yang Jinying, and 14 other palace women[7]
1557 Sep Henry II King of France Paris France Caboche
1571 bef. Apr Elizabeth I Queen of England Westminster  England Members of the Ridolfi Plot
1583 bef. Nov Francis Throckmorton
1584 Mar–Nov William Parry
1586 Jul–Aug Anthony Babington
1594 27 Dec Henry IV King of France Paris France Jean Châtel
Gunpowder Plot 1605 5 Nov James I King of England Westminster  England Guy Fawkes
1657 8 Jan Oliver Cromwell Lord Protector London  England Miles Sindercombe
1696 Jacobite assassination plot 1696 15–22 Feb William III King of England Kew Bridge  England Ambrose Rookwood
1757 5 Jan Louis XV[8] King of France Versailles France Robert-François Damiens
1758 3 Sep Joseph I King of Portugal and the Algarves Ajuda, Lisbon  Portugal Unclear; possibly the Távora family (see Távora affair)
1800 15 May George III[9] King of Britain and Ireland Westminster  United Kingdom James Hadfield
Plot of the rue Saint-Nicaise 1800 24 Dec Napoleon Bonaparte[10] First Consul of France Paris  France François-Joseph Carbon
1809 12 Oct Napoleon I Emperor of the French Schönbrunn  Austrian Empire Friedrich Staps
1835 30 Jan Andrew Jackson[11] President of the United States Washington, D.C.  United States Richard Lawrence
1835 28 Jul Louis-Philippe[12] King of France Paris  France Giuseppe Marco Fieschi
1840 10 Jun Queen Victoria[13] Queen of the United Kingdom London  United Kingdom Edward Oxford
1842 30 May John Francis
1852 15 Aug Nasser al-Din Shah[14] Shahanshah of Persia Tehran  Persia Babis
1853 18 Feb Franz Joseph I[15] Austria-Hungarian Emperor Vienna  Austria-Hungary János Libényi
1858 14 Jan Napoleon III[16] Emperor of the French Paris  France Felice Orsini
1861 14 Jul Wilhelm I King of Prussia Baden-Baden  Prussia Oskar Becker
1866 4 Apr Alexander II Czar of Russia Saint Petersburg  Russian Empire Dmitry Karakozov
1866 7 May Otto von Bismarck Minister President of Prussia Berlin  German Confederation Ferdinand Cohen-Blind
1873 22 Aug Domingo Faustino Sarmiento President of Argentina Buenos Aires  Argentina Ricardo López Jordán
1874 13 Jul Otto von Bismarck[17] Chancellor of the German Reich Bad Kissingen  German Empire Eduard Kullman [who?]
1878 11 May Wilhelm I German Emperor Berlin  German Empire Max Hödel
2 Jun Karl Nobiling
1878 17 Nov Umberto I King of Italy Naples  Italy Giovanni Passannante
1879 20 Apr Alexander II Czar of Russia Saint Petersburg  Russian Empire Alexander Soloviev
1880 5 Feb Stephan Khalturin
1882 2 Mar Queen Victoria[13] Queen of the United Kingdom Windsor  United Kingdom Roderick Maclean
1883 28 Sep Wilhelm I German Emperor Rüdesheim am Rhein  German Empire August Reinsdorf
Attack against Porfirio Díaz of 1897 1887 13 Jan Shirley Waldemar Baker Prime Minister of Tonga Nukuʻalofa  Tonga Muʻa conspirators
Attempted assassination of Pedro II of Brazil 1889 15 Jul Pedro II[18] Emperor of Brazil Rio de Janeiro  Empire of Brazil Adriano Augusto do Valle
1889 18 Oct Ōkuma Shigenobu[19] Prime Minister of Japan Tokyo  Japan Member of the Genyōsha
Attack against Porfirio Díaz of 1897 1897 16 Sep Porfirio Díaz President of Mexico Alameda Central, Mexico City  Mexico Arnulfo Arroyo
Attempted assassination of Prudente de Morais 1897 5 Nov Prudente de Morais[20] President of Brazil Rio de Janeiro Brazil Brazil Lance corporal Marcelino Bispo de Melo
1900 2 Aug Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar[21] Shah of Persia Paris  France Francois Salson
1900 16 Nov Wilhelm II German Emperor Breslau  German Empire Selma Schnapka
1901 6 Mar Bremen Johann-Dietrich Weiland
1902 15 Nov Leopold II King of the Belgians Brussels  Belgium Gennaro Rubino
1905 1 Jun Émile Loubet[22] President of France Paris  France Unidentified anarchist
1 Jun Alfonso XIII King of Spain
Yıldız assassination attempt 21 Jul Abdul Hamid II[23] Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Constantinople  Ottoman Empire Armenian Revolutionary Federation
Morral affair 1906 31 May Alfonso XIII King of Spain Madrid  Spain Mateu Morral
1908 15 Mar Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar[24] Shah of Persia Tehran  Persia Constitutionalists
1909 16 Oct William Howard Taft President of the United States Ciudad Juárez  Mexico Crowd member
1918 Aug 30 Vladimir Lenin Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union Moscow  Russian SFSR Fanny Kaplan
6 Dec Sidónio Pais President of Portugal Lisbon  Portugal Luís Maria Baptista
1919 19 Feb Georges Clemenceau Prime Minister of France Paris  France Émile Cottin
1921 25 Sep Józef Piłsudski[25] Chief of State of Poland Lviv  Poland Stepan Fedak
Attempted assassination of Alexandre Millerand 1922 14 Jul Alexandre Millerand President of France Paris  France Gustave Bouvet
1924 5 Sep Stanisław Wojciechowski[26] President of Poland Lviv  Poland Teofil Olszewski
1926 7 Apr Benito Mussolini Prime Minister of Italy Rome  Italy Violet Gibson
11 Sep Gino Lucetti
31 Oct Bologna Anteo Zamboni
1931 21 Feb Zog I King of Albania Vienna  Austria Ndok Gjeloshi, Aziz Çami
1932 9 Jan Hirohito Emperor of Japan Tokyo  Japan Lee Bong-chang
1933 15 Feb Franklin D. Roosevelt President-elect of the United States Miami  United States Giuseppe Zangara
Oct Engelbert Dollfuss Chancellor of Austria Vienna  Austria Rudolf Dertill
1935 2 Jun Gabriel Terra[27] President of Uruguay Montevideo  Uruguay Bernardo García
1936 26 Feb Keisuke Okada Prime Minister of Japan Tokyo  Japan Imperial Japanese Army officers
16 Jul Edward VIII King of the United Kingdom London  United Kingdom George McMahon
1937 4 Jul António de Oliveira Salazar Prime Minister of Portugal São Sebastião da Pedreira, Lisbon  Portugal Emídio Santana and several anarcho-syndicalist and communist conspirators
1941 17 May Victor Emmanuel III King of Italy Tirana  Albania Vasil Laçi
1943 13 Mar Adolf Hitler[28] German Führer Wolf's Lair  Nazi Germany Henning von Tresckow, Fabian von Schlabrendorff, Rudolf Christoph Freiherr von Gersdorff[citation needed]
20 July plot 1944 20 Jul Claus von Stauffenberg
1947 10 Mar Manuel Roxas President of the Philippines Manila  Philippines Julio Guillen
1949 4 Feb Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi[29] Shah of Iran Tehran  Iran Fakhr-Arai
Attempted assassination of Harry S. Truman 1950 1 Nov Harry Truman President of the United States Washington, D.C.  United States Oscar Collazo and Griselio Torresola (FALN)
1952 27 Mar Konrad Adenauer Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany Munich  West Germany Herut
1954 26 Oct Gamal Abdel Nasser President of Egypt Alexandria  Egypt Mohammed Abdel Latif
27 Oct Ismail al-Azhari[30] Prime Minister of Sudan Malakal Sudan Southern official
1955 12 Mar Jawaharlal Nehru[31] Prime Minister of India Nagpur  India Baburao Laxman Kochale
11 Apr Zhou Enlai Chinese Premier Hong Kong  British Hong Kong Kuomintang agents
1957 22 Feb Ngô Đình Diệm President of the Republic of Vietnam Buôn Ma Thuột  South Vietnam Hà Minh Tri
30 Nov Sukarno President of Indonesia Jakarta  Indonesia Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia
1959 15 Jul Nikita Khrushchev and Władysław Gomułka[32] General Secretary of the Soviet Union and First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party Sosnowiec  Poland Stanisław Jaros
1960 9 Apr Hendrik Verwoerd Prime Minister of South Africa Johannesburg  South Africa David Pratt
Assassination attempt of Rómulo Betancourt 24 Jun Rómulo Betancourt President of Venezuela Caracas  Venezuela Ordered by Dominican Republic President Rafael Leonidas Trujillo
14 Jul Nobusuke Kishi Prime Minister of Japan  Japan Taisuke Aramaki
11 Dec John F. Kennedy President-elect of the United States Florida  United States Richard Paul Pavlick
1962 27 Feb Ngô Đình Diệm President of the Republic of Vietnam Saigon  South Vietnam Nguyễn Văn Cử and Phạm Phú Quốc
1962 14 May Sukarno President of Indonesia Jakarta  Indonesia Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia
22 Aug Charles de Gaulle President of France Petit-Clamart  France Jean Bastien-Thiry
1964 21 Feb İsmet İnönü Prime Minister of Turkey Ankara  Turkey Mesut Suna
11 Aug Francisco Franco Generalissimo Caudillo of Spain Madrid  Francoist Spain Stuart Christie
1965 12 Apr Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi[33] Shah of Iran Tehran  Iran Iranian soldier
1968 13 Aug Georgios Papadopoulos President of Greece Between Lagonisi and Athens  Greece Alexandros Panagoulis
Attempted assassination of Leonid Brezhnev 1969 22 Jan Leonid Brezhnev General Secretary of the Soviet Union Moscow  Soviet Union Viktor Ilyin
1970 27 Nov Pope Paul VI Bishop of Rome Manila  Philippines Benjamín Mendoza y Amor Flores
1 Sep Hussein I King of Jordan Amman  Jordan Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
1971 Moroccan coup attempt 1971 10 Jul Hassan II King of Morocco Skhirat  Morocco M'hamed Ababou and Mohamed Medbouh
Lin Biao incident 13 Sep Mao Zedong Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party China  China Lin Biao (alleged)
1972 16 Aug Hassan II King of Morocco Kenitra  Morocco Mohamed Amekrane
1973 14 Jan Golda Meir[34][35] Prime Minister of Israel Rome  Italy Black September Organization
4 Mar New York City  United States
1974 15 Aug Park Chung-hee President of South Korea Seoul  South Korea Mun Se-gwang
22 Feb Richard Nixon[36] President of the United States Baltimore/Washington International Airport  United States Samuel Byck
Attempted assassination of Gerald Ford in Sacramento 1975 5 Sep Gerald Ford[37] Sacramento Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme
Attempted assassination of Gerald Ford in San Francisco 22 Sep San Francisco Sara Jane Moore
1976 Feb Jean-Bédel Bokassa President of the Central African Republic Bangui M'Poko International Airport  Central African Republic Unknown
1977 18 Feb Jorge Rafael Videla[38] President of Argentina Aeroparque Jorge Newbery  Argentina Ejercito Revolucionario del Pueblo
22 Sep Bhumibol Adulyadej King of Thailand Yala  Thailand Patani United Liberation Organisation
Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan 1981 30 Mar Ronald Reagan[28][39] President of the United States Washington, D.C.  United States John Hinckley Jr.
Attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II 13 May Pope John Paul II[28][40] Bishop of Rome St. Peter's Square  Vatican City State Mehmet Ali Ağca
13 Jun Elizabeth II[41] Queen of the United Kingdom London  United Kingdom Marcus Sarjeant
1982 12 May Pope John Paul II[28][42] Bishop of Rome Fátima  Portugal Juan María Fernández y Krohn
8 Jul Saddam Hussein President of Iraq Dujail  Iraq Islamic Dawa Party
1983 19 Oct Chun Doo-hwan[43] President of South Korea Rangoon  Burma North Korean agents
Brighton hotel bombing 1984 12 Oct Margaret Thatcher[44] Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Brighton  United Kingdom Irish Republican Army
Attempted assassination of Augusto Pinochet 1986 7 Sep Augusto Pinochet[45] President of Chile Cajón del Maipo  Chile Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front
3 Oct Rajiv Gandhi[46] Prime Minister of India New Delhi  India Karamjit Singh
1987 18 Jun Turgut Özal[47] President of Turkey Ankara  Turkey Kartal Demirağ
30 Jul Rajiv Gandhi[48] Prime Minister of India Colombo  Sri Lanka Vijitha Rohana
18 Aug Junius Richard Jayewardene[49] President of Sri Lanka Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna
Ranasinghe Premadasa[39] Prime Minister of Sri Lanka
1990 27 Jul A. N. R. Robinson Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain  Trinidad and Tobago Jamaat al Muslimeen rebels
7 Nov Mikhail Gorbachev President of the Soviet Union Moscow  Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Alexander Shmonov
1991 Mohammed Zahir Shah[50] Last King of Afghanistan Rome  Italy Disguised person
7 Feb John Major[51] Prime Minister of the United Kingdom London  United Kingdom Irish Republican Army
1993 31 Jan Boris Yeltsin[52] President of Russia Moscow  Russia Unknown
Nov Atef Sedki[53] Prime Minister of Egypt Cairo  Egypt Vanguards of Conquest
1994 26 Jan Prince Charles Prince of Wales Tumbalong Park, Darling Harbour in Sydney  Australia David Kang
1994 29 Oct Bill Clinton President of the United States Washington, D.C.  United States Francisco Martin Duran
1995 25 Jun Hosni Mubarak[54] President of Egypt Addis Ababa  Ethiopia National Islamic Front
29 Aug Eduard Shevardnadze[55] President of Georgia Tbilisi  Georgia Mkhedrioni rebels
3 Oct Kiro Gligorov[56] President of Macedonia Skopje  Macedonia Unknown
5 Nov Jean Chrétien[57] Prime Minister of Canada Ottawa  Canada André Dallaire
1996 Feb Muammar Gaddafi[58][59] Libyan leader Sirte  Libya Islamic extremists
17 Jul Pavlo Lazarenko[60] Prime Minister of Ukraine Kyiv  Ukraine Unknown
1998 9 Feb Eduard Shevardnadze[55] President of Georgia Tbilisi  Georgia Anti-government forces
12 Jun Muammar Gaddafi[58] Libyan Revolutionary leader Derna  Libya Islamic militants
1999 18 Dec Chandrika Kumaratunga[61] President of Sri Lanka Colombo  Sri Lanka Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
2000 24 Feb Vladimir Putin[62] Acting President of Russia Saint Petersburg  Russia Chechen mafia
18 Aug President of Russia Yalta  Ukraine Unknown
2001 9 Jan Baku  Azerbaijan Kyanan Rostam
7 Feb George W. Bush President of the United States Washington, D.C.  United States Robert W. Pickett
16 Oct Vladimir Putin[62] President of Russia  Iran Unknown
2002 16 Oct Vladimir Putin[63] President of Russia Moscow  Russia Ivan Zaytsev
14 Jul Jacques Chirac[64] President of France Paris  France Maxime Brunerie
5 Sep Hamid Karzai[65] President of Afghanistan Kandahar  Afghanistan Lone gunman
2003 25 Dec Pervez Musharraf[28][66] President of Pakistan Rawalpindi  Pakistan Ordered by Amjad Farooqi
2004 19 Mar Chen Shui-bian[28] President of the Republic of China Tainan  Taiwan Unknown
11 June José Manuel Durão Barroso Prime Minister of Portugal Porto  Portugal Nouredine el Fahtni
29 Jul Shaukat Aziz[67] Prime Minister of Pakistan Fateh Jang  Pakistan Al-Qaeda sympathizers
21 Aug Sheikh Hasina[68] Prime Minister of Bangladesh Dhaka  Bangladesh Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami
15 Mar Ibrahim Rugova[69] President of Kosovo Pristina  Kosovo Unknown
10 May Mikheil Saakashvili[70] President of Georgia Tbilisi  Georgia Vladimir Arutyunian
George W. Bush[70] President of the United States
2006 18 Sep Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed[71] President of Somalia Baidoa  Somalia Islamic Courts Union (blamed)
2007 29 Jun Guillaume Soro[72] Prime Minister of Ivory Coast Bouaké  Ivory Coast Unknown
6 Jul Pervez Musharraf[73] President of Pakistan Rawalpindi  Pakistan Taliban
Oct Vladimir Putin[74] President of Russia Tehran  Iran Unknown
2008 8 Jan Maumoon Abdul Gayoom[75] President of the Maldives Hoarafushi  Maldives Mohamed Murshid
15 Mar Vladimir Putin[76] President of Russia Moscow  Russia Shakhvelad Osmanov
Dmitry Medvedev[76] Prime Minister of Russia
11 Feb José Ramos-Horta[77] President of Timor-Leste Dili  East Timor Alfredo Reinado
Xanana Gusmão[77] Prime Minister of Timor-Leste
2009 attack on the Dutch royal family 2009 30 Apr Queen Beatrix, Prince Willem-Alexander, and other members of the Dutch royal family[78] Queen of the Netherlands Apeldoorn  Netherlands Karst Tates
19 Aug Vladimir Putin[62] Prime Minister of Russia Moscow  Russia Unknown
3 Dec Moussa Dadis Camara[79] President of Guinea Conakry  Guinea Lt. Abubakar Diakite
2011 3 Jun Ali Abdullah Saleh[80] President of Yemen Sana'a  Yemen Unknown
19 Jul Alpha Condé[81] President of Guinea Conakry  Guinea Republic of Guinea Armed Forces officers[82]
2012 Vladimir Putin[83] Prime Minister of Russia Moscow  Russia Dokka Umarov (alleged)
2013 Apr Barack Obama President of the United States Washington, D.C.  United States James Everett Dutschke
2017 Nov Theresa May Prime Minister of the United Kingdom London  United Kingdom Naa'imur Zakariyah Rahman[84]
2018 Bulawayo bombing 2018 23 Jun Emmerson Mnangagwa[85] President of Zimbabwe Bulawayo  Zimbabwe Unknown
2018 Caracas drone attack 2018 4 Aug Nicolás Maduro[86] President of Venezuela Caracas  Venezuela Uncertain (claimed by Soldados de Franelas)
2020 Barquisimeto shooting 2020 29 Feb Juan Guaidó[87][88] Disputed President of Venezuela Barquisimeto  Venezuela Pro-government colectivos
9 Mar Abdalla Hamdok[89] Prime Minister of Sudan Khartoum  Sudan Unknown
2 Jul Justin Trudeau[90] Prime Minister of Canada Ottawa  Canada Corey Barclay Hurren
Attempted assassination of Mohamed Nasheed 2021 6 May Mohamed Nasheed President of Maldives Malé  Maldives Unknown
20 Jul Assimi Goïta President of Mali Bamako  Mali Unknown
Attempted assassination of Mustafa Al-Kadhimi 7 Nov Mustafa Al-Kadhimi Prime Minister of Iraq Baghdad  Iraq Unknown
2022 10 Feb Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh[91] Prime Minister of Libya Tripoli  Libya Unknown
Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy 26 Feb Volodymyr Zelenskyy President of Ukraine Kyiv  Ukraine Chechen mercenaries
Feb Kadyrovites
Redut
Wagner Group
Attempted assassination of Fumio Kishida 2023 15 Apr Fumio Kishida Prime Minister of Japan Wakayama  Japan Ryūji Kimura

Gallery[edit]

See also[edit]

Notes and references[edit]

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