List of ambassadors of Mexico to Peru

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Ambassador of Mexico to Peru
Flag of Mexico
Incumbent
Vacant
since December 2022
SeatLima
NominatorPresident of Mexico
Inaugural holderJosé Morales[1]
Formation1823
SalaryUS$8,607.61 per month[2]
WebsiteOfficial site

The ambassador of Mexico to Peru is the highest ranking diplomatic representative of the United Mexican States to the Republic of Peru. The ambassador services the Mexican embassy, located at the district of San Isidro, in Lima.

Historically, both nations were host to great indigenous cultures; the Aztecs and Mayas in Mexico and the Incas in Peru.[3] During colonization, both nations were part of the Spanish Empire until the early 19th century. Mexico was part of Viceroyalty of New Spain while Peru was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru.

Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Peru were established on March 3, 1823 (but informally date back to October 6, 1821).[4] On the same date, the first Peruvian ambassador to Mexico presented his credentials to Emperor Agustín de Itúrbide.[5] This was two years after Peru gained its independence from Spain.[6] In October 1892, Mexico opened its first consulate in Lima followed by the opening of an embassy on 14 June 1937.[7] Peru inaugurated an embassy on January 17, 1966.[8]

Relations between both countries have been continuous and amicable, with one exception in 1932, when a letter written by Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre (at the time exiled in Mexico) was published in the Peruvian press, having been delivered to Lima via a Mexican diplomatic pouch. The event caused Peru to freeze its relations with Mexico, only reestablishing them on May 23 of the following year with the mediation of Spain.[5][9] Despite the souring of relations due to Mexico's role in the 2022 political crisis in Peru, neither Mexico nor Peru have severed relations despite the latter's declaration of Mexican ambassador to Peru, Pablo Monroy Conesa, as a persona non grata as well as the declaration of an ultimatum for him to leave the country.[10][11]

List of representatives[edit]

Name Title Appointed Presentation of credentials Term end President Notes
José Morales MPEE 1823 ? ? Supreme Executive Power [1]
Juan de Dios Cañedo EEMP June 3, 1831 May 21, 1832 January 12, 1839 Anastasio Bustamante Cañedo was named as representative to Peru, Chile, Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil. The affairs of Mexico were turned over to their consulates in Guayaquil, Callao and Valparaíso.[4][12]
Manuel Crecencio García Rejón y Alcalá EEMP January 8, 1842 March 18, 1843 June 9, 1843 Antonio López de Santa Anna The designation encompassed all the republics south of Mexico. José María Bocanegra, Minister of Foreign Relations, communicated to Havana, Cuba, the disposition of the president of the republic—Antonio López de Santa Anna—for him to return to Mexico in view of the advance of his mission in the South American countries, although at that time he had not finished it. He reported that in accordance with the instructions of President Antonio López de Santa Anna, he had terminated his mission.[4][12]
1843–1853: Relations limited to the exchange of communications. From 1853 to 1877, the period in which Porfirio Díaz decreed the establishment of a legation in the southern republics, there was no diplomatic representation in Peru except for the vice-consulates in Lima and Callao.[4]
Leonardo López Portillo EEMP April 2, 1878 ? October 31, 1879 Porfirio Díaz Appointed for the legation in the southern republics (Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Chile).[4][12]
1879: The withdrawal of the legation to the republics of South America is ordered due to the war between Peru, Bolivia and Chile. On October 8, 1892, the Secretary of Relations of Mexico informed its counterpart in Peru that President Porfirio Díaz agreed to establish a consulate of the republic in Lima, naming Mr. Pedro A. Helguero for that position, who would be promoted to consul general in Peru on May 20, 1897.[4]
José María Gamboa EEMP June 3, 1901 January 13, 1903 September 15, 1903 Porfirio Díaz Appointed before the western republics of South America.[4][12]
Miguel Covarrubias EEMP December 29, 1903 March 10, 1904 May 15, 1907 Porfirio Díaz Appointed before the South American republics of the Pacific (Chile, Peru, Colombia and Ecuador), with headquarters in Chile. He reported having received his credentials, but on May 1, 1907, faced with the need to pass through Peru on his trip to Mexico, he was told not to present them.[4][12]
Miguel de Béistegui y Septién EEMP May 16, 1907 November 13, 1909 April 5, 1911 Porfirio Díaz His appointment was for the South American republics on the Pacific side (Chile, Peru, Colombia and Ecuador).[4][12]
Luis G. Pardo EEMP May 22, 1911 August 26, 1911 October 25, 1912 Porfirio Díaz Named in Chile and other South American republics on the Pacific side (Peru, Colombia and Ecuador). Accredited before the Chilean government.[4][12]
Adolfo Mújica y Sáyago EEMP October 4, 1912 August 18, 1913 March 24, 1915 Francisco I. Madero Designated in Chile and other South American republics on the Pacific side. On instructions from the SFA, he mailed his credentials to Peru. The SFA removed him from his position. However, he continued in office by ignoring his personality to remove him from Jesús Urueta, Undersecretary for Relations and Office Manager. On November 6, 1915, the Foreign Ministry denied it any official character and confirmed Eduardo F. Hay as its diplomatic representative before the Peruvian government.[4][12]
Eduardo F. Hay AC December 29, 1914 ? December 29, 1915 Eulalio Gutiérrez [4]
Manuel Méndez Palacios MR July 20, 1916 April 17, 1917 October 1, 1917 Disputed His designation included Bolivia and Peru.[4][12]
Juan Manuel Alcaraz Tornel ENAI May 8, 1917 ? April 12, 1919 Venustiano Carranza [4]
Alfonso M. Siller MR December 17, 1918 April 14, 1919 November 25, 1919 Venustiano Carranza Named to the governments of Peru and Bolivia.[4][12]
José G. Moreno de la Torre ENAI August 9, 1919 ? April 15, 1920 Venustiano Carranza [4][12]
Alfonso M. Siller EEMP March 17, 1920 April 17, 1920 June 12, 1920 Venustiano Carranza Named in Peru and Bolivia.[4][12]
José G. Moreno de la Torre ENAI June 12, 1920 ? June 16, 1921 Adolfo de la Huerta [4][12]
Manuel Méndez Palacios MR April 14, 1921 July 2, 1921 May 30, 1922 Álvaro Obregón On August 11, 1922, the Presidency of the Republic agreed to terminate the commission of Palacios as of May 30 of that same year.[4][12]
Crisóforo Justiniano Canseco Álvarez ENAI April 5, 1922 ? January 8, 1923 Álvaro Obregón [4][12]
Leopoldo Ortiz Liebich ENAI January 9, 1923 ? August 1, 1923 Álvaro Obregón [4][12]
Leopoldo Ortiz Liebich EEMP August 1, 1923 October 4, 1923 August 17, 1926 Álvaro Obregón On January 1, 1924, he was appointed to the same position before the government of Ecuador, but the headquarters were in Lima.[4][12]
Flavio A. Bórquez EEMP August 5, 1926 September 25, 1926 October 16, 1928 Plutarco Elías Calles Died in Lima.[4][12]
Joaquín Mesa ENAI June 8, 1928 ? February 28, 1929 Emilio Portes Gil Died in Lima.[4]
Juan G. Cabral EEMP December 16, 1928 March 8, 1929 September 22, 1932 Emilio Portes Gil On May 12, 1932, the Mexican legation had to move to Panama when accused by the Peruvian government of intervention in internal political affairs. The clerk Gilberto Owen was appointed in charge of the Mexican consulate, but the legation's archives were —first— in charge of the Chilean representative in Peru, Manuel Rivas, and later in the hands of the Spanish representative in Lima, Antonio Jean. Diplomatic relations were resumed on May 21, 1933 (Declaration of Madrid).[4][12]
Juan Manuel Álvarez del Castillo EEMP June 16, 1933 July 24, 1933 December 3, 1935 Abelardo L. Rodríguez [4][12]
Moisés Sáenz Garza EEMP January 1, 1936 May 14, 1936 March 22, 1937 Lázaro Cárdenas Bernardo Reyes Morales was accredited as ENAI.[4][12]
Moisés Sáenz Garza EEP June 16, 1937 July 13, 1937 January 31, 1938 Lázaro Cárdenas On June 14, 1937, the Mexican legation was elevated to the rank of embassy. In 1938, Sáenz is informed of the conclusion of his work in Peru and Antonio H. Aguirre remains as EAL.[4][12]
Moisés Sáenz Garza EEP October 1, 1938 November 7, 1938 October 24, 1941 Lázaro Cárdenas The first is the date on which the SFA gave him instructions to resume his functions as ambassador to the government of Peru. The second is the date where he arrives in Lima and Carlos Augusto Baumbach Griethe, ENAI, hands the legation over to him. The third is his death date in Quito, Ecuador.[4][12]
Carlos Esteban Peón del Valle y Varona ENAI November 26, 1941 ? July 29, 1942 Manuel Ávila Camacho [4]
Adalberto Tejeda Olivares EEP December 1, 1941 July 11, 1942 October 1, 1948 Manuel Ávila Camacho [4][12]
José María Ortiz Tirado EEP October 1, 1948 December 17, 1948 March 25, 1952 Miguel Alemán Valdés [4][12]
Leobardo C. Ruiz Camarillo EEP April 1, 1952 May 27, 1952 November 30, 1952 Miguel Alemán Valdés [4][12]
Joaquín Barrera Aceves ENAI November 21, 1952 ? February 25, 1954 Adolfo Ruiz Cortines [4][12]
Carlos Darío Ojeda Rovira EEP March 14, 1954 April 1, 1954 October 28, 1957 Adolfo Ruiz Cortines [4][12]
Salvador Martínez de Alva EEP October 25, 1957 March 14, 1958 March 10, 1960 Adolfo Ruiz Cortines [4][12]
Fidencio Soria Barajas ENAI July 10, 1960 ? January 6, 1961 Adolfo López Mateos [4][12]
José Luis Martínez Rodríguez EEP January 1, 1961 January 10, 1961 January 12, 1963 Adolfo López Mateos His mission in Peru ends after being appointed permanent representative of Mexico to UNESCO, although his letters of withdrawal were extended on February 3, 1964.[4][13][12]
Carlos Villamil Cícero ENAI February 12, 1963 ? March 23, 1964 Adolfo López Mateos [4][12]
Daniel Escalante Ortega EEP February 3, 1964 March 31, 1964 December 15, 1968 Adolfo López Mateos [4][12]
Luis Gerardo Zorrilla Ochoa EEP November 16, 1968 February 5, 1969 February 1, 1974 Gustavo Díaz Ordaz [4][12]
Julio R. Zamora Bátiz EEP February 18, 1974 March 13, 1974 March 31, 1976 Luis Echeverría [4][12]
Santiago H. Suárez Gil ENAI April 22, 1976 ? January 31, 1977 Luis Echeverría [4][12]
José Francisco Villarreal Reyna EEP January 4, 1977 February 16, 1977 April 30, 1979 José López Portillo [4][12]
Donaciano González Gómez EEP February 21, 1979 March 28, 1979 December 16, 1980 José López Portillo [4][12]
Ismael Moreno Pino EEP February 3, 1981 March 17, 1981 May 16, 1986 José López Portillo [4][12]
Jesús Puente Leyva EEP February 20, 1986 July 1, 1986 November 11, 1989 Miguel de la Madrid [4][12]
Edgardo Flores Rivas EEP September 18, 1989 November 16, 1989* November 19, 1993 Carlos Salinas de Gortari [4][12]
Manuel Martínez del Sobral y Penichet EEP October 7, 1993 December 2, 1993 April 15, 1995 Carlos Salinas de Gortari [4][12]
Federico Alfonso Urruchúa Durand EEP March 24, 1995 June 20, 1995 December 21, 1998 Ernesto Zedillo [4][12]
José Ignacio Piña Rojas EEP April 22, 1999 June 21, 1999 September 21, 2001 Ernesto Zedillo [4][12]
Ricardo Villanueva Hallal EEP June 11, 2001 September 28, 2001 October 13, 2004 Vicente Fox [4][12]
Antonio Guillermo Villegas Villalobos [es] EEP October 28, 2004 April 28, 2005 October 2009 Vicente Fox [4][12][1]
Jorge Cícero Fernández ENAI November 2009 ? March 2011 Felipe Calderón [4][12]
Manuel Rodríguez Arriaga EEP March 31, 2011* April 15, 2011 2014[12] Felipe Calderón [4]
Ernesto Campos Tenorio EEP 2014[12] Enrique Peña Nieto [14][15]
Víctor Hugo Morales Meléndez EEP June 21, 2019[16] 2022 Andrés Manuel López Obrador
Pablo Monroy Conesa EEP May 31, 2022[17] December 2022 Andrés Manuel López Obrador Ambassador[18] Monroy was declared a persona non grata in December 2022 and given an ultimatum to leave the country.[19]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c "Dictámenes a Discusión". Gaceta del Senado. Senado de la República. 2004-12-14.
  2. ^ "NORMA QUE REGULA EL PAGO DE SUELDOS Y PRESTACIONES AL PERSONAL DE CARRERA DEL SERVICIO EXTERIOR MEXICANO Y AL ASIMILADO A ESTE, RADICADO EN EL EXTRANJERO" (PDF). Government of Mexico. p. 39.
  3. ^ "Relaciones Bilaterales de Perú y México". Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Archived from the original on 2016-10-10.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc "PERÚ". Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. Archived from the original on 2013-01-17.
  5. ^ a b "Información institucional". Gob.pe.
  6. ^ History of diplomatic relations between Mexico and Peru (in Spanish)
  7. ^ Bilateral relations between Mexico and Peru (in Spanish) Archived 2014-01-18 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ Revista de la Universidad de México (in Spanish). Universidad Nacional de México. 1966. pp. U-33.
  9. ^ ASPIRACIONES ANTIIMPERIALISTAS E INTERESES NACIONALES: LAS RELACIONES EXTERIORES ENTRE MÉXICO Y PERÚ (1930-1945) (in Spanish)
  10. ^ Menéndez, Carmen (2022-12-21). "Crisis diplomática entre Perú y México: Lima expulsa al embajador mexicano". Euronews.
  11. ^ "México descarta romper relaciones diplomáticas con Perú". France 24 (AFP). 2022-12-21.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw "Relaciones Diplomáticas entre el Perú y México / Representantes de México en el Perú" (PDF). Gob.pe. pp. 2–3.
  13. ^ "Centenario del natalicio de José Luis Martínez: 1918-2018". Secretaría de Cultura.
  14. ^ "Lista del Cuerpo Diplomático, Organismos Internacionales y Cuerpo Consular" (PDF). Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 2015-03-01.
  15. ^ Directorio de Cooperación Técnica Internacional 2018-2019 (PDF) (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. 2018.
  16. ^ "El Embajador Víctor Hugo Morales Meléndez fue recibido por el Presidente de la República del Perú, Sr. Martín Vizcarra Cornejo, a efecto de entregarle las Cartas Credenciales que lo acreditan como Embajador Extraordinario y Plenipotenciario de México ante el Gobierno de la República del Perú, cargo con el que tuvo a bien distinguirlo el Señor Presidente de la República, Andrés Manuel López Obrador". Facebook. Embajada de México en el Perú. 2019-06-21.
  17. ^ "Jefe de Estado recibe cartas credenciales de los embajadores de El Salvador, Reino Unido y México". El Peruano. 2022-05-31.
  18. ^ "Pablo Monroy Conesa - Embajador de México en el Perú". Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores.
  19. ^ Camhaji, Elías (2022-12-23). "El embajador Pablo Monroy regresa a México tras su expulsión de Perú". El País.
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