List of Indo-Scythian dynasties and rulers

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The Indo-Scythians or Indo-Sakas were the branch of Saka empire in South Asia. Indo-Scythians were a group of nomadic Iranian peoples of Scythian origin who migrated from Central Asia southward into the northwestern Indian subcontinent. They started expansion in South Asia from 200 to 100 BCE and established rule between 100 and 80 BCE, their rule in Indian Subcontinent was lasted until 415s CE.[1]

Territory of Indo-Scythians

The first Saka king of India was Maues/Moga (1st century BCE) who established Saka power in Gandhara. The Indo-Scythians extended their supremacy over north-western subcontinent, conquering the Indo-Greeks and other local kingdoms.[2] The Indo-Scythians were apparently subjugated by the Kushan Empire, by either Kujula Kadphises or Kanishka. Yet the Saka continued to govern as satrapies, forming the Northern Satraps and Western Satraps. The power of the Saka rulers started to decline in the 2nd century CE after the Indo-Scythians were defeated by the Satavahana emperor Gautamiputra Satakarni.[3][4] Indo-Scythian rule in the northwestern subcontinent ceased when the last Western Satrap Rudrasimha IIII was defeated by the Gupta emperor Chandragupta II in 395 CE. Later Western Saka rulers (c. 396 to 415 CE) were conquered by Imperial Gupta Empire and it brings to end of Saka rule in Indian Subcontinent.[5][6]

List of dynasties and rulers[edit]

Satraps dynasty of Gandhara (c. 85 BCE – 50 CE)[edit]

This branch of Indo-Scythian ruled over regions of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Eastern Afghanistan and Gandhara region.

List of rulers–

Northern Satraps dynasty (c. 60 BCE – 130 CE)[edit]

Main article: Northern Satraps
Territory of Northern Satraps
List of rulers–
Ruler Image Title Approx. dates Mentions
Hagamasha Satrap 1st century BCE In the archaeological excavations of Sonkh, near Mathura, the earliest coins of the Kshatrapa levels were those of Hagamasha.[7]
Hagana Satrap 1st century BCE
Rajuvula Great Satrap early 1st century BCE
Bhadayasa Satrap 1st century CE Possible successor of Rajuvula in Eastern Punjab
Sodasa Satrap 1st century CE Son of Rajuvula in Mathura
Kharapallana
Ksatrapena Vanasparena Kharapallanena
Ksatrapena Vanasparena Kharapallanena
 Great Satrap c. CE 130 Great Satrap for Kushan ruler Kanishka I
Vanaspara
Ksatrapena Vanasparena Kharapallanena
Ksatrapena Vanasparena Kharapallanena
 Satrap c. CE 130 Satrap for Kushan ruler Kanishka I

Apracha dynasty (c. 15 BCE – 50 CE)[edit]

Main article: Apracharajas
Territory of Apracharajas
Family tree–
Apracharajas
Vijayamitra
(1)
r. c. 1st Century
Indravasu
(2)
r. c. 1st Century
Vispavarma
(3)
r. c. 1st Century
Indravarma
(4)
r. c. 1st Century
Aspavarma
(5)
r. c. 1st Century		Child of
Indravarma
Sasa
(6)
r. c. 1st Century
List of rulers–
Ruler Image Filiation Approx. dates Mentions
Vijayamitra
Apracharajas Vijayamitra
Apracharajas Vijayamitra
 12 /15 BCE - 15 CE Queen: Rukhana
Indravasu Son of Vijayamitra c. 20 CE Queen: Vasumitra
Vispavarma or Visnuvarma
Son of Indravasu Queen: Śiśirena
Iṃdravarmo
Son of Vispavarma Queen: Utara
Aspo[8] or Aspavarmo
Apracharajas. Aspavarama. Circa AD 20-46
Apracharajas. Aspavarama. Circa AD 20-46
 Son of Indravarma 15 - 45 CE
Sasan[8] Contemporary of Kujula Kadphises and Mujatria.[9]

Western Satraps dynasty (c. 50 BCE – 415 CE)[edit]

Main article: Western Satraps
Territory of Western Satraps
Family tree–
Genealogical table of the Western Satraps

Kshaharata dynasty (c. 1st century BCE to 1st century CE)[edit]

This branch of Indo-Scythian ruled over regions of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab and beyond.

List of rulers–

Kardamaka (Bhadramukhas) dynasty[edit]

List of rulers–

(main founder of the Western Satraps)

Rudrasimha II dynasty (c. 304 – 415 CE)[edit]

List of rulers–

Minor local rulers[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D". Social Science History. 3 (3/4): 115–138. doi:10.2307/1170959. JSTOR 1170959.
  2. ^ Ahmad Hasan Dani. History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 2. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. pp. 191–207.
  3. ^ World history from early times to A D 2000 by B. V. Rao: p.97
  4. ^ A Brief History of India, by Alain Daniélou p.136
  5. ^ Buddhist Landscapes in Central India: Sanchi Hill and Archaeologies of Religious and Social Change, c. Third Century BC to Fifth Century AD, Julia Shaw, Routledge, 2016 p58-59
  6. ^ Mirashi, Vasudev Vishnu (1955). Corpus inscriptionum indicarum vol.4 pt.2 Inscriptions of the Kalachuri Chedi Era. Archaeological Society of India. pp. 605–611.
  7. ^ Hartel, Herbert (2007). On The Cusp Of An Era Art In The Pre Kuṣāṇa World. BRILL. p. 324.
  8. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference silver was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Dating and locating Mujatria and the two Kharahostes, Joe Cribb, p.29
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