Kyi dynasty
| Kyi dynasty | |
|---|---|
| Current region | Rus |
| Founded | 5th century |
| Founder | Kyi |
| Final ruler | Askold and Dir |
Kyi dynasty, also known as the Kyivites (Ukrainian: Києвичі, romanized: Kyievychi) are a dynasty of early medieval Polans rulers of Kyiv. Historically, Kyivites ruled the glades from c. 435, turning it to the Rus Khaganate by 838. The first representatives of this dynasty in Polians were the legendary founders of Kyiv Kyi, Shchek, Khoryv and their sister Lybid. The name of the family came from the name of the eldest of the brothers.
Several hypotheses have been made about Kyi and the dynasty he founded. According to the most common Kyi was a Slavic prince of the 5th to 6th centuries, and his descendants are the leaders of the East Slavic tribe Polyany.
The last documented direct blood representative of the Kyi dynasty, Askold-Mykola, was killed in 882 by Vikings led by Oleg. In addition to the aforementioned Askold, his predecessor or contemporary, Dir, also belonged to the Kyivan dynasty. Currently, the limited extant sources do not give an abundance of firm archeological or documentary sources as grounds of the dynasty's historicity, and belonging to it as Prince Askold and his possible predecessor Dir.
Etymology[edit]
The etymology of the anthroponym Kyi, after which the dynasty is named, is quite confidently associated with the Iranian languages: Kyi < іран. Kūya < авест. *kaoya.[citation needed]
M. Braychevskyi's hypothesis[edit]
M. Braichevsky's hypothesis is based on the rather popular in Soviet science identification of Kyi with Quar Zenob Glack and Kuver Byzantine chronicles.[1] "The biography of the real Kyi-Kuar-Kuver is historically determined. The 430s, as we already know, were indeed a turning point in the history of the Slavic peoples. In the west, as a result of the stubborn struggle against the Avar supremacy, the state of Samo emerges; in the east - the Kyivan Rus… Askold was a descendant of that semi-legendary Kyi-Kuar-Kuver." The dating of Kyi's life and activity will be acceptable,[2] as will the identification of Kyi with Quar. Kuver's connection with Kyiv is doubtful, the former is now mostly associated with the Proto-Bulgarians.[3]
Khorezmian hypothesis of V. Toporov[edit]
V. Toporov, without directly touching on the topic of the Kyivan dynasty, presented his own hypothesis about the origin of the toponym "Kyiv" (currently actively supported by O. Pritsak[4]), namely: "Al-Masudi's report on the Khazar army and its leader, promoted to the rank of wazir, named Aḥmadu 'bnu Kūyah, ie Ahmad, son of Kui, was analyzed. Given the hereditary nature of this position, we can assume that Ahmad was preceded in this position by his father Kūya, who held this position in the last decades of the 9th century. and at the beginning of the 10th century in Kyiv." That is, according to V. Toporov, he believes the Kyiv dynasty did not exist, the name of Kyiv comes from the name of the leader of the Khorezmian army, which was in the service of the Khazars.[5]
Kyi dynasty in Hypatian Codex[edit]
«And according to these brothers, their family began to hold the reign in the glades.»[6]
Kyi dynasty in Jan Długosz[edit]
«Later, after the deaths of Kyi, Shchek and Khoryv, their sons and descendants inherited from the Kyivan Rus for many years, until such descendants led to two brothers - Oskald and Dir.»[7]
References[edit]
- ^ Брайчевський М. Ю. Вибране. Т. II: Хозарія і Русь. Аскольд — цар київський. К.: Вид. ім. Олени Теліги, 2009.
- ^ (in Russian) Килиевич С. Р. Детинец Киева IX — первой половины XIII. Киев: Наукова думка, 1982
- ^ (in Russian) Свод древнейших письменных известий о славянах. Т. ІІ. М., 1995.
- ^ (in Russian) Н. Голб, О. Прицак. Хазаро-еврейские документы X в. Москва-Иерусалим, 1997.
- ^ повідомлення датоване бл. 956 р. «10. Більшу частину населення в царстві хазар складають мусульмани, так як з них складено військо царя; вони називаються Ларисія й родом приблизно з Хуварезма. В давні часи, незабаром після появи ісламу, трапилася в їхній державі війна та чума, вони й притулилися в царстві хазар; це люди хоробрі, і на сміливість їхню цар хазар покладається у своїх війнах. Вони залишилися в його державі за умови, що релігія їхня буде оголошена вільною, вони можуть будувати мечеті, голосно закликати до молитви та візир має обиратися з них. Наразі візир з їх числа, і це Ахмед-ібн-Куваї. Коли цар веде війну з мусульманами, то вони тримаються в його таборі окремо та не борються зі своїми одновірцями, але борються разом з царем проти інших кяфірських народів. Наразі з них 7000 вершники…»(in Russian) Аль Масуді Archived 2014-10-06 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Rus Chronicle: According to the Ipat List (translated by L. Makhnovets). K., Dnipro, 1989.
- ^ Jan Długosz. ANNALS OR CHRONICLES OF THE GLORIOUS KINGDOM OF POLAND.
Further reading[edit]
- Брайчевський М. Ю. Вибране. Т. II: Хозарія і Русь. Аскольд — цар київський. К.: Вид. ім. Олени Теліги, 2009.
- Голб Н., Прицак О. Хазаро-еврейские документы X в. Москва-Иерусалим, 1997.
- Топоров В. Н. Об иранском элементе в русской духовной культуре. Славянский и балканский фольклор. М.: «Наука», 1989
- Свод древнейших письменных известий о славянах. Т. ІІ. М., 1995.