1895 in animation
Events in 1895 in animation.
Events[edit]
- August 28: Release of the film The Execution of Mary Stuart, directed by Alfred Clark. It is the first known film to use special effects, specifically the stop trick. Stop motion is closely related to the stop trick, in which the camera is temporarily stopped during the recording of a scene to create a change before filming is continued (or for which the cause of the change is edited out of the film). In the resulting film, the change will be sudden and a logical cause of the change will be mysteriously absent or replaced with a fake cause that is suggested in the scene. The technique of stop motion can be interpreted as repeatedly applying the stop trick. [1][2][3]
Births[edit]
March[edit]
- March 4: Milt Gross, American cartoonist and animator, (Bray Productions, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio, Screen Gems, adapted his comic strip Count Screwloose into two animated short films), (d. 1953).[4][5][6]
April[edit]
- April 22: Margaret J. Winkler, American animation producer and distributor, credited as the first woman to produce and distribute animated films, (Pat Sullivan, Fleischer Brothers, Walt Disney, founder of Screen Gems) and wife of Charles Mintz, (d. 1990).[7][8][9][10][11]
- April 30: Verena Ruegg, American animator, camerawoman, and painter, (worked in the ink and paint department of both the Walt Disney Studios and Warner Bros. Cartoons, camerawoman for the animation process during World War II), (d. 1973).[12][13][14]
May[edit]
- May 19: Albert Hay Malotte, American pianist, organist, composer and educator, (Walt Disney Animation Studios), (d. 1964).[15][16]
- May 21: Ben Hardaway, American storyboard artist, animator, voice actor, gagman, screenwriter, and animation director, (co-creator of Bugs Bunny and Woody Woodpecker, main writer of the Woody Woodpecker short films from 1940 to 1951, voice actor of Woody Woopecker from 1944 to 1949, writer of Scrub Me Mama with a Boogie Beat), (d. 1957).[17][18][19][20][21][22]
June[edit]
- June 14: Cliff Edwards, American signer, musician and voice actor, (voice of Jiminy Cricket in Pinocchio. [23] Fun and Fancy Free and From All of Us to All of You, and Jim Crow in Dumbo),[24] (d. 1971).[25]
November[edit]
- November 4:
- Jack King, American animation director and animator, (directed films for the Judge Rummy, Buddy, Beans, Porky Pig, and Donald Duck series), (d. 1958).[26][27]
- Ben Sharpsteen, American animation director and film producer, (sequence director for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, supervising director for Pinocchio and Dumbo, production supervisor for Fantasia, Fun and Fancy Free, Melody Time, The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad, Cinderella, and Alice in Wonderland), (d. 1980). [28][29]
References[edit]
- ^ "Romeo and Juliet". Romeo and Juliet. 2012-06-15. doi:10.5040/9781580819015.01.
- ^ Crafton, Donald (July 14, 2014). Emile Cohl, Caricature, and Film. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400860715 – via Google Books.
- ^ Richard Rickitt: Special Effects: The History and Technique, Billboard Books; 2nd edition, 2007; ISBN 0-8230-8408-6
- ^ Markstein, Don. "Milt Gross". Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Retrieved 2006-10-25.
- ^ Cohen (2004), p. 40
- ^ "MichaelBarrier.com -- Interviews: John Hubley". www.michaelbarrier.com. Retrieved 2023-08-12.
- ^ Merritt and Kaufman. pg. 15-16
- ^ Maltin. pg. 23
- ^ Austin, Daryl (December 21, 2019). "The story of the Hungarian immigrant who funded Walt Disney". Newsweek. Retrieved December 21, 2019.
- ^ Johnson, Mindy (2017). Ink & paint: the women of Walt Disney's animation. p. 39. ISBN 978-1-4847-2781-2. OCLC 968290213.
- ^ "History of Gems". Los Angeles Times. June 12, 1999. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
- ^ Downey, Lynn (2019-09-12). Arequipa Sanatorium: Life in California's Lung Resort for Women. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 107–108. ISBN 978-0-8061-6511-0.
- ^ Adamson, Joe (1990). Bugs Bunny : fifty years and only one grey hare. Internet Archive. New York : Henry Holt and Company. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-8050-1190-6.
- ^ "Lady Lenser". Variety. October 14, 1942. p. 3. Retrieved January 8, 2023.
- ^ "Albert Hay Malotte Dies at 69; Set 'The Lord's Prayer' to Music". The New York Times. November 18, 1964.
- ^ Bartolomé Llorens Peset, Fiesta en Purchena: Los Juegos Moriscos de Aben Humeya en la obra del compositor estadounidense Albert Hay Malotte. Ayuntamiento de Purchena: Almería, 2013.
- ^ "MichaelBarrier.com -- Interviews: Frank Tashlin". www.michaelbarrier.com.
- ^ "MichaelBarrier.com — Interviews: Remodeling the Rabbit". www.michaelbarrier.com.
- ^ Motion Picture Daily (Oct-Dec 1941) "CHORTLES THE N.Y. TIMES: "Bugs Bunny...delightful nonsense...laugh provoking tricks...so comical...look sharp for him!""
- ^ Bogdanovich, Peter (1997). Who the devil made it : conversations with Robert Aldrich, George Cukor, Allan Dwan, Howard Hawks, Alfred Hitchcock, Chuck Jones, Fritz Lang, Joseph H. Lewis, Sidney Lumet, Leo McCarey, Otto Preminger, Don Siegel, Josef von Sternberg, Frank Tashlin, Edgar G. Ulmer, Raoul Walsh. Alfred A. Knopf. p. 703. ISBN 9780679447061.
- ^ "Bugs Hardaway of Battery D |". cartoonresearch.com.
- ^ ""Scrub Me Mama With A Boogie Beat" (1941)". Cartoon Research. May 6, 2019. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
- ^ "Pinocchio (film)". D23. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
- ^ "Dumbo (film)". D23. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
- ^ Tranquada, Jim (2012). The Ukulele: a History. University of Hawaii Press. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-8248-3544-6.
- ^ Barrier (2003), Warner Bros., pp. unnumbered pages
- ^ Lenburg (2006), pp. 179-180
- ^ "Disney Legends - D23". Retrieved February 21, 2017.
- ^ "Home - History Museum - Field Trip - Fun Events - Calistoga CA - Sharpsteen Museum". Retrieved February 21, 2017.
Sources[edit]
- Barrier, Michael (2003), "Warner Bros., 1933-1940", Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0199839223
- Cohen, Karl F. (2004), "Censorship of Theatrical Animation", Forbidden Animation: Censored Cartoons and Blacklisted Animators in America, McFarland & Company, ISBN 978-0786420322
- Lenburg, Jeff (2006), "King, Jack", Who's who in Animated Cartoons: An International Guide to Film and Television's Award-Winning and Legendary Animators, Hal Leonard Corporation, ISBN 978-1557836717
- Leonard Maltin; Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated Cartoons; Penguin Books; ISBN 0-452-25993-2 (1980, 1987)
- Russell Merritt and J. B. Kaufman; Walt in Wonderland: The Silent Films of Walt Disney; Johns Hopkins University Press; ISBN 0-8018-4907-1 (paperback, 1993)