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Mexico , officially the United Mexican States , is a country in the southern portion of North America . Covering 1,972,550 km2 (761,610 sq mi), it is the world's 13th largest country by area; with a population of almost 130 million, it is the 10th most populous country and has the most Spanish speakers in the world. Mexico is organized as a federal constitutional republic comprising 31 states and Mexico City , its capital and largest city , and among the world's most populous metropolitan areas . The country shares land borders with the United States to the north, with Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; as well as maritime borders with the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the southeast, and the Gulf of Mexico to the east.
Human presence in Pre-Columbian Mexico dates back to 8,000 BC , making it one of the world's six cradles of civilization . The Mesoamerican region hosted various intertwined civilizations, including the Olmec , Maya , Zapotec , Teotihuacan , and Purepecha . The Aztecs came to dominate the area prior to European contact . In 1521, the Spanish Empire , alongside indigenous allies, conquered the Aztec Empire , establishing the colony of New Spain centered in the former capital, Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City ). Over the next three centuries, Spain expanded its territorial control, enforced Christianity , and spread the Spanish language, with the colony's rich silver deposits fueling its empire. The colonial era ended in the early 19th century with the Mexican War of Independence . (Full article... )
This is a Featured article , which represents some of the best content on English Wikipedia.
The Mayan languages form a language family spoken in Mesoamerica , both in the south of Mexico and northern Central America . Mayan languages are spoken by at least six million Maya people , primarily in Guatemala , Mexico , Belize , El Salvador and Honduras . In 1996, Guatemala formally recognized 21 Mayan languages by name, and Mexico recognizes eight within its territory.
The Mayan language family is one of the best-documented and most studied in the
Americas . Modern Mayan languages descend from the
Proto-Mayan language , thought to have been spoken at least 5,000 years ago; it has been partially
reconstructed using the
comparative method . The proto-Mayan language diversified into at least six different branches: the
Huastecan ,
Quichean ,
Yucatecan ,
Qanjobalan ,
Mamean and
Chʼolan–Tzeltalan branches. (
Full article... )
List of Featured articles
Alejandra Lagunes , Coordinator of the National Digital Strategy of the Presidency of Mexico.
This is a Good article , an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.
On 1 May 2015, the Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG) carried out a series of attacks in Jalisco , Mexico , and four adjacent states to prevent the capture of Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes (alias "El Mencho"), their suspected leader. The operation began early that morning in Villa Purificación , where four Mexican Air Force and Federal Police (PF) helicopters spotted a CJNG convoy protecting El Mencho. As one of the helicopters flew over the convoy, the CJNG members shot it down using rocket-propelled grenade (RPG) launchers. Nine law enforcement officers died as a result of the attack, and multiple others were wounded. This was the first incident in the Mexican Drug War in which organized crime groups shot down an aircraft.
As the government extended its crackdown on the CJNG, it issued its highest security alert level and coordinated municipal, state, and federal security forces. The CJNG responded to the offensive by hijacking 39 buses, trucks, and cars throughout western Mexico, setting them on fire, and using them to block roads and highways in multiple locations. They also burned several gas stations, banks, and businesses. Most of the attacks took place in
Guadalajara , Jalisco's capital and the second-largest urban area in Mexico. According to the government, the scale and level of coordination by the CJNG in this attack had not been displayed by other crime groups in Mexico. (
Full article... )
Juana Inés de Asbaje y Ramírez de Santillana , better known as Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz OSH (12 November 1648 – 17 April 1695), was a colonial Mexican writer, philosopher, composer and poet of the Baroque period, as well as a Hieronymite nun , nicknamed "The Tenth Muse " and "The Phoenix of America " by her contemporary critics. As a Spanish -criolla from the New Spain , she was among the main American-born contributors to the Spanish Golden Age , alongside Juan Ruiz de Alarcón and Garcilaso de la Vega "el Inca" , and is presently considered one of the most important female authors in Spanish language literature and the literature of Mexico .
Throughout history Sor Juana's significance to different communities has varied significantly, having been presented as a candidate for
Catholic sainthood , a symbol of
Mexican nationalism ,
freedom of speech ,
women's rights ,
sexual diversity , and others, making her a figure of great controversy and debate to this day. (
Full article... )
List of selected biographies
6 June 2024 –
SpaceX launches Starship 's Integrated Flight Test 4 , successfully guiding both the Super Heavy booster and Starship upper stage to soft water landings in the Gulf of Mexico and the Indian Ocean , respectively. (The New York Times )
5 June 2024 – Mexico–United States border crisis
US President Joe Biden institutes a broad asylum ban on migrants illegally crossing the Mexico–United States border , with actions to deport or turn people back to Mexico , with exceptions for unaccompanied children, people with serious medical or safety threats, and victims of trafficking . (Reuters)
4 June 2024 – Mexico–United States border crisis
US President Joe Biden enacts an executive order to temporarily suspend asylum claims processing at the Mexico–United States border when the seven-day average of claims exceeds 2,500 per day. Amnesty International criticizes the executive order, accusing Biden of "setting a dangerous international precedent". (NPR) (AP)
2 June 2024 – 2024 Mexican general election
Mexicans elect a new president and legislature , eight governors , the mayor of Mexico City , and around 20,000 other positions in federal and local elections . (CNN)
Claudia Sheinbaum wins the presidential election. She will begin her term as Mexico 's first female president on October 1. (CBC)
28 May 2024 – International reactions to the Israel–Hamas war
Pro-Palestinian protestors in Mexico set fire to the Israeli embassy in Mexico City . (The Jewish Chronicle ) (Proceso )
Pepita con Tasajo served at a restaurant in Chiapa de Corzo .
The
cuisine of Chiapas is a style of cooking centered on the
Mexican state of the same name . Like the
cuisine of rest of the country , it is based on corn with a mix of indigenous and European influences. It distinguishes itself by retaining most of its indigenous heritage, including the use of the
chipilín herb in tamales and soups, used nowhere else in
Mexico . However, while it does use some
chili peppers , including the very hot simojovel, it does not use it as much as other Mexican regional cuisines, preferring slightly sweet seasoning to its main dishes. Large regions of the state are suitable for grazing and the cuisine reflects this with meat, especially beef and the production of
cheese . The most important dish is the
tamal , with many varieties created through the state as well as dishes such as chanfaina, similar to
menudo and sopa de pan. Although it has been promoted by the state of Chiapas for tourism purposes as well as some chefs, it is not as well known as other Mexican cuisine, such as that of neighboring
Oaxaca . (
Full article... )
List of fare/cuisine articles
The following are images from various Mexico-related articles on Wikipedia.
Image 1 Surrender of Santa Anna by
William Henry Huddle shows the Mexican president and general surrendering to a wounded
Sam Houston in 1836. (from
History of Mexico )
Image 2 La leyenda de los volcanes (The legend of the volcanoes).
Saturnino Herrán . 1910-1912. (from
Culture of Mexico )
Image 3 The Castillo, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca. 800–900 CE (from
History of Mexico )
Image 4 Pear ,
Quince and
Psidium cajeta . In 2010 declared the
Bicentennial Dessert of Mexico. (from
Culture of Mexico )
Image 5 A statue of a
Chichimeca Warrior in the city of
Querétaro (from
History of Mexico )
Image 6 Making cigarettes in the
El Buen Tono factory, Mexico City (from
History of Mexico )
Image 7 Logo of
Nacional Financiera (NAFIN), the state development bank. (from
History of Mexico )
Image 8 Dining table , painted between 1857 y 1859, oleo sobre tela (oil on canvas) by
Agustín Arrieta (from
Culture of Mexico )
Image 10 A unit of Cristeros preparing for battle. (from
History of Mexico )
Image 12 Comanchería, territory controlled by the Comanches, prior to 1850 (from
History of Mexico )
Image 13 A map of Mexico 1845 after Texas annexation by the U.S. (from
History of Mexico )
Image 14 Variegated maize ears (from
History of Mexico )
Image 15 Agustín de Iturbide the first
Emperor of Mexico (from
History of Mexico )
Image 16 Sawdust carpet made during "The night no one sleeps" in Huamantla, Tlaxcala (from
Culture of Mexico )
Image 17 Toltec carving representing the Aztec Eagle, found in
Veracruz , 10th–13th century.
Metropolitan Museum of Art . (from
History of Mexico )
Image 18 Entry into Mexico City by the Mexican army (from
History of Mexico )
Image 19 The first
Braceros arrive in
Los Angeles by train in 1942. Photograph by
Dorothea Lange . (from
History of Mexico )
Image 20 Panel 3 from Cancuen, Guatemala, representing king T'ah 'ak' Cha'an (from
History of Mexico )
Image 21 Lázaro Cárdenas mural (from
History of Mexico )
Image 22 Mexico City street market (from
History of Mexico )
Image 23 Gilberto Bosques Saldívar took the initiative to rescue tens of thousands of Jews and
Spanish Republican exiles from being deported to
Nazi Germany or Spain. (from
History of Mexico )
Image 24 El Chapo in US custody after his extradition from Mexico. (from
History of Mexico )
Image 27 Spanish and Portuguese empires in 1790 (from
History of Mexico )
Image 28 Porfirio Díaz (from
History of Mexico )
Image 29 Exconvento (Ex-convent), by
José María Velasco . 1860. (from
Culture of Mexico )
Image 30 Cerro del Cubilete ("Dice Cup Hill"). At the top of the hill is the
Cristo Rey (
Christ the
King ) statue. (from
Culture of Mexico )
Image 31 Shield Jaguar and
Lady Xoc , Maya, lintel 24 of temple 23, Yaxchilan, Mexico, ca. 725 ce. (from
History of Mexico )
Image 32 Portrait and book by
Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz , Baroque poet and writer. (from
Culture of Mexico )
Image 33 Chacmool , Maya, from the Platform of the Eagles, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca. 800–90 CE (from
History of Mexico )
Image 34 Victoriano Huerta , ruler of Mexico from 1913 to 1914 (from
History of Mexico )
Image 35 Singer and actor Pedro Infante, one of the leading figures of the
Golden Age of Mexican Cinema . (from
Culture of Mexico )
Image 36 President Vicente Fox with Prime Minister of India
Manmohan Singh (from
History of Mexico )
Image 37 Mexican Army troops in the
Zócalo in the 1968
Tlatelolco massacre . (from
History of Mexico )
Image 38 "The Torture of
Cuauhtémoc ", a 19th-century painting by
Leandro Izaguirre (from
History of Mexico )
Image 39 Teotihuacan view of the Avenue of the Dead and the
Pyramid of the Sun , from the
Pyramid of the Moon (from
History of Mexico )
Image 42 Modern group monument of
Cortés ,
Doña Marina , and their
mestizo son Martín (from
History of Mexico )
Image 43 Distribution of linguistic groups around 1500. (from
Culture of Mexico )
Image 44 President Obregón. Note that he lost his right arm in the
Battle of Celaya (1915), earning him the nickname of
Manco de Celaya ("the one-armed man of Celaya"). (from
History of Mexico )
Image 45 Colossal atlantids, pyramid B, Toltec, Tula, Mexico, ca. 900–1180 AD (from
History of Mexico )
Image 46 General
Pancho Villa at the entrance of Ojinaga (from
History of Mexico )
Image 47 Liberación (Liberation).
Jorge González Camarena . 1908. (from
Culture of Mexico )
Image 48 Murals of Bonampak (between 580 and 800 AD) (from
Culture of Mexico )
Image 50 Logo of the
Partido Nacional Revolucionario , with the colors of the Mexican flag (from
History of Mexico )
Image 51 La huida a Egipto (The Flight into Egypt).
Miguel Cabrera , around 1700. (from
Culture of Mexico )
Image 53 Club América vs Cruz Azul at the
Estadio Azteca . (from
Culture of Mexico )
Image 55 Battle of Centla, the first time a horse was used in battle in a war in the Americas. Mural in the Palacio Municipal of Paraíso,
Tabasco (from
History of Mexico )
Image 56 Buffalo Soldiers of the American
10th Cavalry Regiment taken prisoner during the
Battle of Carrizal , Mexico in 1916. (from
History of Mexico )
Image 58 U.S. President
Barack Obama and Mexican President-Elect
Enrique Peña Nieto during their meet at the
White House following Peña Nieto's
election victory. (from
History of Mexico )
Image 59 The Execution of Emperor Maximilian , 19 June 1867. Gen.
Tomás Mejía , left, Maximilian, center, Gen.
Miguel Miramón , right. Painting by
Édouard Manet 1868. (from
History of Mexico )
Image 61 Three world leaders: (background, left to right) Mexican President
Carlos Salinas de Gortari , U.S. President
George H. W. Bush , and Canadian Prime Minister
Brian Mulroney , observe the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement. (from
History of Mexico )
Image 63 Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (from
History of Mexico )
Image 65 Alegoría de la Constitución de 1857 ,
Petronilo Monroy , 1869. (from
History of Mexico )
Image 66 Mexican Central Railway train at station, Mexico (from
History of Mexico )
Image 67 Goddess, mural painting from the Tetitla apartment complex at Teotihuacan, Mexico, 650–750 CE (from
History of Mexico )
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Non-Amerindian
Amerindian
More than 100,000 people 20,000–100,000 people 1,000–20,000 people Fewer than 1,000 people
Mexico portal 1 Jews and Romani originate in the Middle East and South Asia respectively, with most arriving to Mexico via Europe ·
2 Primarily arrived via Canada ·
3 Originated in what is now the United States
Americas Asia Europe Oceania
More than 100,000 people 20,000 – 100,000 people 1,000 – 20,000 people Less than 1,000 people
Official/ Indigenous
100,000+ speakers 10,000-100,000 speakers Under 10,000 speakers
Non-official Sign Note: The list of official languages is ordered by decreasing size of population.
19th century 20th century 21st century
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