User:YuyanWang/Global temperature record
Paleoclimate ice core records[edit]
Ice core locations[edit]
The World Paleoclimatology Data Center (WDC) maintains the ice core data files of glaciers and ice caps in polar and low latitude mountains all over the world.
Ice core records from Greenland[edit]
As a paleothermometry, the ice core in central Greenland showed consistent records on the surface-temperature changes[2]. According to the records, changes in global climate are rapid and widespread. Warming phase only needs simple steps, however, the cooling process requires more prerequisites and bases[3]. Also, Greenland has the clearest record of abrupt climate changes in the ice core, and there are no other records that can show the same time interval with equally high time resolution[2].
When scientists explored the trapped gas in the ice core bubbles, they found that the methane concentration in Greenland ice core is significantly higher than that in Antarctic samples of similar age, the records of changes of concentration difference between Greenland and Antarctic reveal variation of latitudinal distribution of methane sources[4]. Increase in methane concentration shown by Greenland ice core records implies that the global wetland area has changed greatly over past years[5]. As a component of greenhouse gases, methane plays an important role in global warming. The variation of methane from Greenland records makes a unique contribution for global temperature records undoubtedly.
Ice core records from Antarctica[edit]
The Antarctic ice sheet originated in the late Eocene, the drilling has restored a record of 800,000 years in Dome Concordia, and it is the longest available ice core in Antarctica. In recent years, more and more new studies have provided older but discrete records[6]. Due to the uniqueness of the Antarctic ice sheet, the Antarctic ice core not only records the global temperature changes, but also contains huge quantities of information about the global biogeochemical cycles, climate dynamics and abrupt changes in global climate[7].
By comparing with current climate records, the ice core records in Antarctica further confirm that polar amplification[8]. Although Antarctica is covered by the ice core records, the density is rather low considering the area of Antarctica. Exploring more drilling stations is the primary goal for current research institutions.
Ice core records from low-latitude regions[edit]
The ice core records from low-latitude regions are not as common as records from polar regions, however, these records still provide much useful information for scientists. Ice cores in low-latitude regions usually locates in high altitude areas. The Guliya record is the longest record from low-latitude, high altitude regions, which spans over 700,000 years[9]. According to these records, scientists found the evidence which can prove the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was colder in the tropics and subtropics than previously believed[10]. Also, the records from low-latitude regions helped scientists confirm that the 20th century was the warmest period in the last 1000 years[9].
References[edit]
- ^ Bradley, Raymond S (1999). Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary. Elsevier. pp. 158–160.
- ^ a b Alley, R. B. (2000-02-15). "Ice-core evidence of abrupt climate changes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 97 (4): 1331–1334. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.4.1331. ISSN 0027-8424.
- ^ Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Sowers, Todd; Brook, Edward J.; Alley, Richard B.; Bender, Michael L. (1998-01-XX). "Timing of abrupt climate change at the end of the Younger Dryas interval from thermally fractionated gases in polar ice". Nature. 391 (6663): 141–146. doi:10.1038/34346. ISSN 0028-0836.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Webb, Robert S.; Clark, Peter U.; Keigwin, Lloyd D. (1999), "Preface", Mechanisms of Global Climate Change at Millennial Time Scales, Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, pp. vii–viii, ISBN 0-87590-095-X, retrieved 2021-04-18
- ^ Chappellaz, Jérôme; Brook, Ed; Blunier, Thomas; Malaizé, Bruno (1997-11-30). "CH4and δ18O of O2records from Antarctic and Greenland ice: A clue for stratigraphic disturbance in the bottom part of the Greenland Ice Core Project and the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice cores". Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 102 (C12): 26547–26557. doi:10.1029/97jc00164. ISSN 0148-0227.
- ^ Higgins, John A.; Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Spaulding, Nicole E.; Brook, Ed; Introne, Douglas S.; Chimiak, Laura M.; Yan, Yuzhen; Mayewski, Paul A.; Bender, Michael L. (2015-05-11). "Atmospheric composition 1 million years ago from blue ice in the Allan Hills, Antarctica". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (22): 6887–6891. doi:10.1073/pnas.1420232112. ISSN 0027-8424.
- ^ Brook, Edward J.; Buizert, Christo (2018-06). "Antarctic and global climate history viewed from ice cores". Nature. 558 (7709): 200–208. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0172-5. ISSN 0028-0836.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Cuffey, Kurt M.; Clow, Gary D.; Steig, Eric J.; Buizert, Christo; Fudge, T. J.; Koutnik, Michelle; Waddington, Edwin D.; Alley, Richard B.; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P. (2016-11-28). "Deglacial temperature history of West Antarctica". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113 (50): 14249–14254. doi:10.1073/pnas.1609132113. ISSN 0027-8424.
- ^ a b Thompson, L. G., "High Altitude, Mid- and Low-Latitude Ice Core Records: Implications for Our Future", Earth Paleoenvironments: Records Preserved in Mid- and Low-Latitude Glaciers, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 3–15, ISBN 1-4020-2145-3, retrieved 2021-04-22
- ^ Thompson, L. G.; Mosley-Thompson, E.; Davis, M. E.; Lin, P. -N.; Henderson, K. A.; Cole-Dai, J.; Bolzan, J. F.; Liu, K. -b. (1995-07-07). "Late Glacial Stage and Holocene Tropical Ice Core Records from Huascaran, Peru". Science. 269 (5220): 46–50. doi:10.1126/science.269.5220.46. ISSN 0036-8075.